Superabsorbent Polymers: Chemical Design, Processing, and Applications

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Superabsorbent Polymers: Chemical Design, Processing, and Applications
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1. Chemical design and synthesis of superabsorbent polymers
	1.1 Thermodynamics and kinetics of liquid absorption by superabsorbent polymers
	1.2 Polymer synthesis of petrochemical-derived SAPs
		1.2.1 Radical (co)polymerization
		1.2.2 Initiators, comonomers and cross-linkers in acrylate-based SAP
		1.2.3 Use of other C=C unsaturated carboxylic acids than acrylic acid
		1.2.4 SAP with sulfonic moieties instead of carboxylic groups
		1.2.5 SAP with phosphonic moieties instead of carboxylic groups
		1.2.6 Incorporation of purposeful comonomers for distinct functionalities
		1.2.7 Nonionic synthetic SAP based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate
		1.2.8 Postpolymerization treatments
		1.2.9 Composites of SAP with inorganic and organic particles
		1.2.10 Polyvinyl alcohol-based SAP
	1.3 Biobased superabsorbers
		1.3.1 Polysaccharides and grafted derivatives
		1.3.2 Protein-based SAP
		1.3.3 Other natural or nature-derived educts
	1.4 Summary and conclusion
	References
2. Superabsorbent polymers for nanomaterials
	2.1 Introduction to superabsorbent polymers for nanomaterials
	2.2 Building nanomaterials with SAP matrix
		2.2.1 Superabsorbent polymer-based nanocomposites
		2.2.2 SAPs for preparation of SAPNGs
	2.3 Conclusions and perspectives
	References
3. Biomedical applications of hydrogels in the form of nano- and microparticles
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Formatting hydrogels into particles
	3.3 Biomedical applications using nano- and micro-particles
		3.3.1 Drug delivery
		3.3.2 Gene carriers
		3.3.3 Tissue engineering and scaffolds
		3.3.4 Biosensors using immobilized peptides and proteins
		3.3.5 Cosmetics
		3.3.6 Diagnostic imaging
	3.4 Future remarks
	References
4. Hydrogels for mesenchymal stem cell behavior study
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Impact of hydrogel properties on mesenchymal stem cell fate
		4.2.1 Surface topography
		4.2.2 Two-dimensional versus 3D culture systems
		4.2.3 Mechanical properties
		4.2.4 Biofunctionalization
	4.3 Conclusions
	References
5. Superabsorbent polymers as a solution for various problems in construction engineering
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Changing the rheology by absorbing mixing water
	5.3 Shrinkage mitigation by internal curing
		5.3.1 Plastic shrinkage mitigation
		5.3.2 Autogenous shrinkage mitigation
	5.4 Changing the microstructure to increase the freeze–thaw resistance by the formation of an internal void system
	5.5 Regaining the water impermeability through self-sealing of cracks
	5.6 Regaining the mechanical properties due to promoted autogenous healing
	5.7 Practical applications of SAPs in the construction industry
	5.8 Conclusions
	References
Index