مشخصات کتاب

Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century: Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization. Articles and Reviews 2006–2018, 2nd revised Edition

دسته بندی: سیاست
ویرایش: 2nd 
نویسندگان: Michael Starks  
سری:  
 
ناشر: Reality Press 
سال نشر: 2018 
تعداد صفحات: 472 
زبان: English 
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) 
حجم فایل: 3 مگابایت 

در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century: Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization. Articles and Reviews 2006–2018, 2nd revised Edition به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.

توجه داشته باشید کتاب توهمات خودکشی خودکشی در قرن بیست و یکم: فلسفه ، طبیعت انسانی و فروپاشی تمدن. مقالات و بررسیهای 2006–2018 ، ویرایش دوم ویرایش شده نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.

توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی

This collection of articles was written over the last 10 years and edited to bring them up to date (2018). All the articles are about human behavior (as are all articles by anyone about anything), and so about the limitations of having a recent monkey ancestry (8 million years or much less depending on viewpoint) and manifest words and deeds within the framework of our innate psychology as presented in the table of intentionality. As famous evolutionist Richard Leakey says, it is critical to keep in mind not that we evolved from apes, but that in every important way, we are apes. If everyone was given a real understanding of this (i.e., of human ecology and psychology to actually give them some control over themselves), maybe civilization would have a chance. As things are however the leaders of society have no more grasp of things than their constituents and so collapse into anarchy is inevitable. The first group of articles attempt to give some insight into how we behave that is reasonably free of theoretical delusions. In the next three groups, I comment on three of the principal delusions preventing a sustainable world— technology, religion and politics (cooperative groups). People believe that society can be saved by them, so I provide some suggestions in the rest of the book as to why this is unlikely via short articles and reviews of recent books by well-known writers. It is critical to understand why we behave as we do and so the first section presents articles that try to describe (not explain as Wittgenstein insisted) behavior. I start with a brief review of the logical structure of rationality, which provides some heuristics for the description of language (mind, rationality, personality) and gives some suggestions as to how this relates to the evolution of social behavior. This centers around the two writers I have found the most important in this regard, Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle, whose ideas I combine and extend within the dual system (two systems of thought) framework that has proven so useful in recent thinking and reasoning research. As I note, there is in my view essentially complete overlap between philosophy, in the strict sense of the enduring questions that concern the academic discipline, and the descriptive psychology of higher order thought (behavior). Once one has grasped Wittgenstein’s insight that there is only the issue of how the language game is to be played, one determines the Conditions of Satisfaction (what makes a statement true or satisfied etc.) and that is the end of the discussion. No neurophysiology, no metaphysics, no postmodernism, no theology. Yet... "Afin de bien apprécier le fait naturel, reconnu en le présentant dans cette inversion de tendances" [the inversion of the last achievements in biophysical estability, drawn in the first graphic of "La inserción del psiquismo en el arco sensoriomotor", http://electroneubio.secyt.gov.ar/UK_patent_1582301.htm ; a graphic presented to the Argentinian CONICET in 1971], "il faut noter que ces facteurs disruptifs intrasystèmiques ne sont pas des accidents. Ce sont des institutions organisatrices intra-spécifiques permanentes et fondamentales dans la grande échelle planétaire. Elles ne dérivent pas de "pathologies partielles" (ventes d’armes, terrorisme, aggression individuelle innée, "argent sale", course aux armements, leaders neurotiques ou les "quatre insanités" de Huxley). Il ne s’agit pas de rechercher "à qui bénéficie cette vie envenimée" ni de découper un secteur pour lui attribuer une autarchie dynamique (par exemple, les facteurs de production). Non, le système dissipatif total a évolué sous la dissipation toujours plus forte de ses propres composants, en les prenant comme les ressources les plus accessibles. De la même façon quelques plantes, dans un spectre électromagnétique substrat, ont pu croître au cours de la sélection naturelle en mangeant d’autres plantes, sans nécessité de chlorophyle; ce fûrent les premiers hétérotrophes, qui ont été limités parce que leur sélection naturelle demeurait dans les limites de la stabilité de la biosphère dans son ensemble. Au contraire, la guerre fournit les fondements de l’acceptation d’autorités politiques stables ou de dirigeants nationaux. La guerre offre la répression "adéquatement" graduée des dissidences et la cohérence pleine de défis d’où émergent les nationalités. Seules des forces "saines" de guerre, évitant les circuits du marché, sont réellement efficaces pour apporter une "solution finale" aux goulots d’étranglements économiques, aussi bien pour les bandes primitives que dans les sociétés modernes. Elles atteignent cet objectif en s’appropriant à l’extérieur des biens qu’ils apportent, ou en imposant à l’extérieur des maux du propre groupe, soit en réalisant les deux processus simultanément; que ce soit par sa capacité de contrôler et de modifier les transactions moins violentes ou pour celle de réduire drastiquement le nombre des consommateurs. Observer que le système s’est mis à dissiper ses propres composants serait une observation dépouillée. Cependant, une description physique ne peut prendre comme excuse de répéter des mythologies, et décrire les faits naturels n’implique aucunement leur acceptation. Signaler, dans notre recherche, ces abominations a pour but de reconnaître une ressource physique qu’il est possible d’utiliser. Etant donné ce qui précede, diriger certaines modifications au système de la violence qui depuis le Pliocene a formé les sociétés hominides ne privera pas les hommes de leur humanité." [Crocco, Mario (1988), Comment l’hylozoïsme scientifique contemporain aborde-t-il la sélection naturelle du parenchyme neurocognitif?, Folia Neurobiológica Argentina Vol. VI, pp. 108-120, Ministry of Health of the Argentine Republic]. Since philosophical problems are the result of our innate psychology, or as Wittgenstein put it, due to the lack of perspicuity of language, they run throughout human discourse and behavior, so there is endless need for philosophical analysis, not only in the ‘human sciences’ of philosophy, sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology, history, literature, religion, etc., but in the ‘hard sciences’ of physics, mathematics, and biology. It is universal to mix the language game questions with the real scientific ones as to what the empirical facts are. Scientism is ever present and the master has laid it before us long ago, i.e., Wittgenstein (hereafter W) beginning with the Blue and Brown Books in the early 1930’s. "Philosophers constantly see the method of science before their eyes and are irresistibly tempted to ask and answer questions in the way science does. This tendency is the real source of metaphysics and leads the philosopher into complete darkness." (BBB p18) The key to everything about us is biology, and it is obliviousness to it that leads millions of smart educated people like Obama, Chomsky, Clinton and the Pope to espouse suicidal utopian ideals that inexorably lead straight to Hell on Earth. As W noted, it is what is always before our eyes that is the hardest to see. We live in the world of conscious deliberative linguistic System 2, but it is unconscious, automatic reflexive System 1 that rules. This is the source of the universal blindness described by Searle’s The Phenomenological Illusion (TPI), Pinker’s Blank Slate and Tooby and Cosmides’ Standard Social Science Model. The astute may wonder why we cannot see System 1 at work, but it is clearly counterproductive for an animal to be thinking about or second guessing every action, and in any case, there is no time for the slow, massively integrated System 2 to be involved in the constant stream of split second ‘decisions’ we must make. As W noted, our ‘thoughts’ (T1 or the ‘thoughts’ of System 1) must lead directly to actions. It is my contention that the table of intentionality (rationality, mind, thought, language, personality etc.) that features prominently here describes more or less accurately, or at least serves as an heuristic for, how we think and behave, and so it encompasses not merely philosophy and psychology, but everything else (history, literature, mathematics, politics etc.). Note especially that intentionality and rationality as I (along with Searle, Wittgenstein and others) view it, includes both conscious deliberative System 2 and unconscious automated System 1 actions or reflexes. Thus all the articles, like all behavior, are intimately connected if one knows how to look at them. As I note, The Phenomenological Illusion (oblivion to our automated System 1) is universal and extends not merely throughout philosophy but throughout life. I am sure that Chomsky, Obama, Zuckerberg and the Pope would be incredulous if told that they suffer from the same problem as Hegel, Husserl and Heidegger, (or that that they differ only in degree from drug and sex addicts in being motivated by stimulation of their frontal cortices by the delivery of dopamine (and over 100 other chemicals) via the ventral tegmentum and the nucleus accumbens), but it’s clearly true. While the phenomenologists only wasted a lot of people’s time, they are wasting the earth and their descendant’s futures. The next section describes the digital delusions, which confuse the language games of System 2 with the automatisms of System one, and so cannot distinguish biological machines (i.e., people) from other kinds of machines (i.e., computers). The ‘reductionist’ claim is that one can ‘explain’ behavior at a ‘lower’ level, but what actually happens is that one does not explain human behavior but a ‘stand in’ for it. Hence the title of Searle’s classic review of Dennett’s book (“Consciousness Explained”)— “Consciousness Explained Away”. In most contexts ‘reduction’ of higher level emergent behavior to brain functions, biochemistry, or physics is incoherent. Even for ‘reduction’ of chemistry or physics, the path is blocked by chaos and uncertainty. Anything can be ‘represented’ by equations, but when they ‘represent’ higher order behavior, it is not clear (and cannot be made clear) what the ‘results’ mean. Reductionist metaphysics is a joke, but most scientists and philosophers lack the appropriate sense of humor. Other digital delusions are that we will be saved from the pure evil (selfishness) of System 1 by computers/AI/robotics/nanotech/genetic engineering created by System 2. The No Free Lunch principal tells us there will be serious and possibly fatal consequences. The adventurous may regard this principle as a higher order emergent expression of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Hi-tech enthusiasts hugely underestimate the problems resulting from unrestrained motherhood and dysgenics, and of course it is neither profitable nor politically correct (and now with third world supremacism dominant, not even possible) to be honest about it. They also gloss over the fact that AI is reaching the point where it will be impossible for us to understand how it works or to control or fix it and to prevent catastrophic failures in communications, power, police, military, agricultural, medical and financial systems. The last section describes The One Big Happy Family Delusion, i.e., that we are selected for cooperation with everyone, and that the euphonious ideals of Democracy, Diversity and Equality will lead us into utopia, if we just manage things correctly (the possibility of politics). Again, the No Free Lunch Principle ought to warn us it cannot be true, and we see throughout history and all over the contemporary world, that without strict controls, selfishness and stupidity gain the upper hand and soon destroy any nation that embraces these delusions. In addition, the monkey mind steeply discounts the future, and so we cooperate in selling our descendant’s heritage for temporary comforts, greatly exacerbating the problems. I describe versions of this delusion (i.e., that we are basically ‘friendly’ if just given a chance) as it appears in some recent books on sociology/biology/economics. Even Sapolsky’s otherwise excellent “Behave”(2017) embraces leftist politics and group selection and gives space to a discussion of whether humans are innately violent. I end with an essay on the great tragedy playing out in America and the world, which can be seen as a direct result of our evolved psychology manifested as the inexorable machinations of System 1. Our psychology, eminently adaptive and eugenic on the plains of Africa from ca. 6 million years ago, when we split from chimpanzees, to ca. 50,000 years ago, when many of our ancestors left Africa (i.e., in the EEA or Environment of Evolutionary Adaptation), is now maladaptive and dysgenic and the source of our Suicidal Utopian Delusions. So, like all discussions of behavior (philosophy, psychology, sociology, biology, anthropology, politics, law, literature, history, economics, soccer strategies, business meetings, etc.), this book is about evolutionary strategies, selfish genes and inclusive fitness (kin selection, natural selection). One thing rarely mentioned by the group selectionists is the fact that, even were ‘group selection’ possible, selfishness is at least as likely (probably far more likely in most contexts) to be group selected for as altruism. Just try to find examples of true altruism in nature –the fact that we can’t (which we know is not possible if we understand evolution) tells us that its apparent presence in humans is an artefact of modern life, concealing the facts, and that it can no more be selected for than the tendency to suicide (which in fact it is). One might also benefit from considering a phenomenon never (in my experience) mentioned by groupies--cancer. No group has as much in common as the (originally) genetically identical cells in our own bodies-a 50 trillion cell clone-- but we all born with thousands and perhaps millions of cells that have already taken the first step on the path to cancer, and generate millions to billions of cancer cells in our life. If we did not die of other things first, we (and perhaps all multicellular organisms) would all die of cancer. Only a massive and hugely complex mechanism built into our genome that represses or derepresses trillions of genes in trillions of cells, and kills and creates billions of cells a second, keeps the majority of us alive long enough to reproduce. One might take this to imply that a just, democratic and enduring society for any kind of entity on any planet in any universe is only a dream, and that no being or power could make it otherwise. It is not only ‘the laws’ of physics that are universal and inescapable, or perhaps we should say that inclusive fitness is a law of physics. The great mystic Osho said that the separation of God and Heaven from Earth and Humankind was the most evil idea that ever entered the Human mind. In the 20th century an even more evil notion arose, or at least became popular with leftists—that humans are born with rights, rather than having to earn privileges. The idea of human rights is an evil fantasy created by leftists to draw attention away from the merciless destruction of the earth by unrestrained 3rd world motherhood. Thus, every day the population increases by 200,000, who must be provided with resources to grow and space to live, and who soon produce another 200,000 etc. And one almost never hears it noted that what they receive must be taken from those already alive, and their descendants. Their lives diminish those already here in both major obvious and countless subtle ways. Every new baby destroys the earth from the moment of conception. In a horrifically overcrowded world with vanishing resources, there cannot be human rights without destroying the earth and our descendents futures. It could not be more obvious, but it is rarely mentioned in a clear and direct way, and one will never see the streets full of protesters against motherhood. The most basic facts, almost never mentioned, are that there are not enough resources in America or the world to lift a significant percentage of the poor out of poverty and keep them there. The attempt to do this is already bankrupting America and destroying the world. The earth’s capacity to produce food decreases daily, as does our genetic quality. And now, as always, by far the greatest enemy of the poor is other poor and not the rich. America and the world are in the process of collapse from excessive population growth, most of it for the last century, and now all of it, due to 3rd world people. Consumption of resources and the addition of 4 billion more ca. 2100 will collapse industrial civilization and bring about starvation, disease, violence and war on a staggering scale. The earth loses about 2% of its topsoil every year, so as it nears 2100, most of its food growing capacity will be gone. Billions will die and nuclear war is all but certain. In America, this is being hugely accelerated by massive immigration and immigrant reproduction, combined with abuses made possible by democracy. Depraved human nature inexorably turns the dream of democracy and diversity into a nightmare of crime and poverty. China will continue to overwhelm America and the world, as long as it maintains the dictatorship which limits selfishness. The root cause of collapse is the inability of our innate psychology to adapt to the modern world, which leads people to treat unrelated persons as though they had common interests (which I suggest may be regarded as an unrecognized -- but the commonest and most serious-- psychological problem -- Inclusive Fitness Disorder). This, plus ignorance of basic biology and psychology, leads to the social engineering delusions of the partially educated who control democratic societies. Few understand that if you help one person you harm someone else—there is no free lunch and every single item anyone consumes destroys the earth beyond repair. Consequently, social policies everywhere are unsustainable and one by one all societies without stringent controls on selfishness will collapse into anarchy or dictatorship. Without dramatic and immediate changes, there is no hope for preventing the collapse of America, or any country that follows a democratic system. Hence my concluding essay “Suicide by Democracy”.

فهرست مطالب

I had hoped to weld my comments into a unified whole, but I came to realize, as Wittgenstein and AI researchers did, that the mind (roughly the same as language as Wittgenstein showed us) is a motley of disparate pieces evolved for many contexts, and there is no such whole or theory except inclusive fitness, i.e., evolution by natural selection.

Finally, as with my other writings 3DTV and 3D Movie Technology-Selected Articles 1996-2016 (2017), and Psychoactive Drugs-- Four Classic Texts (1976-1982) (2016), Talking Monkeys (2017), The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Pychology, Mind and Language in Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle (2017),  and in all my letters and email and conversations for over 50 years, I have always used ‘they’ or ‘them’ instead of ‘his/her’, ‘she/he’, or the idiotic reverse sexism of ‘she’ or ‘her’, being perhaps the only one in this part of the galaxy to do so.  The slavish use of these universally applied egregious vocables is of course intimately connected with the defects in our psychology which generate academic philosophy, democracy and the collapse of industrial civilization, and I leave the further description of these connections as an exercise for the reader.

Those who wish a more detailed exposition of the use of Wittgenstein and Searle in the description of behavior may consult my book The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Psychology, Mind and Language in Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle (2017), while a more complete edition of all my other writings can be found in Talking Monkeys: Philosophy, Psychology, Science, Religion and Politics on a Doomed Planet--Articles and Reviews 2006-2017 (2017).

I am aware of many imperfections and limitations of my work and continually revise it, but I took up philosophy 11 years ago at 65, so it is miraculous, and an eloquent testimonial to the power of System 1 automatisms, that I have been able to do anything at all. It was ten years of incessant struggle and I hope readers find it of some use.
THE DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOR WITHOUT DELUSION

1.	The Logical Structure of Philosophy, Psychology, Mind and Language as Revealed in the Writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Searle	2
2.	Review of Making the Social World by John Searle (2010) 	114
3.	Review of ‘Philosophy in a New Century’ by John Searle (2008)	139
4.	Review of Wittgenstein\'s Metaphilosophy by Paul Horwich 248p (2013)	160
5.	Review of The Stuff of Thought by Steven Pinker (2008)   	185
6.	Review of “Are We Hardwired? by Clark & Grunstein Oxford (2000)	199

THE DIGITAL DELUSION --COMPUTERS ARE PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE IS MATH AND HI-TECH WILL SAVE US

7.	Is JK Rowling more evil than me?	202
8.	Review of Freedom Evolves by Daniel  Dennett  (2003)      	208
9.	Review of I Am a Strange Loop by Douglas Hofstadter (2007)	224
10.	Another cartoon portrait of the mind from the reductionist metaphysicians--a Review of Peter Carruthers ‘The Opacity of Mind’ (2011)	240
11.	Will Hominoids or Androids Destroy the Earth? —A Review of How to Create a Mind by Ray Kurzweil (2012)	270
12.	What Do Paraconsistent, Undecidable, Random, Computable and Incomplete mean? A Review of Godel\'s Way: Exploits into an undecidable world by Gregory Chaitin, Francisco A Doria, Newton C.A. da Costa 160p (2012)	283
13.	Wolpert, Chaitin and Wittgenstein on impossibility, incompleteness, the liar paradox, theism, the limits of computation, a non-quantum mechanical uncertainty principle and the universe as computer—the ultimate theorem in Turing Machine Theory	299
14.	Review of \'The Outer Limits of Reason\' by Noson Yanofsky 403p (2013)	305

THE RELIGIOUS DELUSION – A BENEVOLENT UNIVERSE WILL SAVE US

15.	Review of Religion Explained-- The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought by Pascal Boyer (2002)	323
16.	Review of Sex, Ecology, Spirituality by Ken Wilber 2nd ed 851p (2001)	337
17.	The most profound spiritual autobiography of all time? - a review of \"The Knee of Listening\" by Adi Da (Franklin Jones) (1995)	355
18.	Do our automated unconscious behaviors reveal our real selves and hidden truths about the universe? -- A review of David Hawkins ‘Power vs Force--the hidden determinants of human behavior –author’s official authoritative edition’ 412p(2012)(original edition 1995).	359

THE ONE BIG HAPPY FAMILY DELUSION-- DEMOCRACY, DIVERSITY AND EQUALITY WILL SAVE US

19.	The Transient Suppression of the Worst Devils of our Nature—a review of Steven Pinker’s ‘The Better Angels of Our  Nature: Why Violence Has Declined’(2012)	364
20.	The Dead Hands of Group Selection and Phenomenology -- A Review of Individuality and Entanglement by Herbert Gintis 357p (2017)	370
21.	Altruism, Jesus and the End of the World—how the Templeton Foundation bought a Harvard Professorship and attacked Evolution, Rationality and Civilization. A review of E.O. Wilson \'The Social Conquest of Earth\' (2012) and Nowak and Highfield ‘SuperCooperators’(2012)	383
22.	A Review of The Murderer Next Door by David Buss (2005)	398
23.	Suicide by Democracy-an Obituary for America and the World	410

نظرات کاربران

کتاب های مرتبط

دانلود کتاب Похід Карла XII на Україну

دانلود کتاب Information and American Democracy: Technology in the Evolution of Political Power (Communication, Society and Politics)

دانلود کتاب American Government and Politics: A Concise Introduction

دانلود کتاب Το επαναστατικό πνεύμα

دانلود کتاب Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism (Political Statement of the Weather Underground)

دانلود کتاب Les Idées à l'endroit

دانلود کتاب Celso Daniel: política, corrupção e morte no coração do PT

دانلود کتاب Qu'est-ce que la politique ?

دانلود کتاب Concours des IRA annales 2015

دانلود کتاب American power and the empire of capitalist democracy