Substance Abuse: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

SUBSTANCE ABUSE: A Reference Handbook......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
List of Tables and Figures......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
Introduction......Page 20
A Brief History of Substance Use and Abuse......Page 21
Speaking of Drugs......Page 26
Classifying Drugs......Page 30
How Do Drugs Work?......Page 34
A Survey of Legal and Illegal Drugs......Page 37
Tobacco......Page 38
Alcohol......Page 41
Marijuana......Page 43
Cocaine......Page 45
Amphetamines......Page 47
Other Drugs and Their Effects......Page 49
References......Page 50
Introduction......Page 54
Substance Abuse Prevention......Page 55
Substance Abuse Treatment......Page 59
Drug Testing in the Workplace......Page 61
Drug Testing in Schools......Page 64
Drug Testing in Amateur and Professional Sports......Page 66
Controlling the Use of Drugs......Page 68
Taxation of Drugs......Page 70
Outright Bans on Substances......Page 77
Federal Legislation since the Controlled Substances Act, 1970–2010......Page 82
Should Illegal Substances Be Legalized?......Page 88
Marijuana and Tobacco......Page 93
References......Page 98
Introduction......Page 106
Legal or Illegal?......Page 108
Drug Laws Today......Page 109
Marijuana: A Special Case?......Page 119
Alcohol and Tobacco......Page 122
Substance Abuse Worldwide......Page 126
References......Page 130
4 Chronology......Page 138
Richard Alpert......Page 160
Harry J. Anslinger......Page 161
Steve Bechler......Page 162
William Bennett......Page 163
Bill W.......Page 164
Thomas de Quincey......Page 166
Pablo Escobar......Page 167
Francis B. Harrison......Page 168
Albert Hoffman......Page 169
Aldous Huxley......Page 170
C. Everett Koop......Page 171
Timothy Leary......Page 172
Otto Loewi......Page 174
Albert Niemann......Page 175
Quanah Parker......Page 176
Nancy Reagan......Page 177
Friedrich Sertürner......Page 178
Alexander ‘‘Sasha’’ Shulgin......Page 179
Luther L. Terry......Page 180
R. Gordon Wasson......Page 182
Hamilton Wright......Page 183
Laws and Treaties......Page 186
Reports and Recommendations......Page 201
National Institute of Drug Abuse Reports......Page 204
Vernonia v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995)......Page 210
Gonzalez v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005)......Page 213
United States of America v. Philip Morris, USA, Inc., et al. Civil Action No. 99-CV-02496 (GK) (2006)......Page 215
Scheduled Drugs......Page 219
Nonmedical Use of Prescription-type Psychotherapeutics in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older, 2002–2004......Page 220
Illicit Drug Use in the Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 or Older: Percentages, 2006 and 2007......Page 222
Prevalence of Illegal Drug Use in the United States, 2002–2007......Page 223
Cigarette Consumption in the United States, 1900–2007......Page 224
Alcohol-related Vehicular Accident Fatalities, United States, 1982–2004......Page 226
Emergency Room Visits Involving Nonmedical Use of Selected Pharmaceuticals......Page 227
Treatment Admissions for Substance Abuse (2007)......Page 228
Governmental......Page 230
Academic Organizations......Page 238
Private......Page 241
Professional Organizations......Page 255
General......Page 260
Legal Substances......Page 272
Illegal Substances......Page 282
Web sites......Page 290
Glossary......Page 300
Index......Page 306
About the Author......Page 318