Studies in Islamic History and Institutions

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
References to prior Publication of Studies included in this Volume......Page 12
Abbreviations......Page 14
Introduction (Norman A. Stillman)......Page 16
Part one the Nature and Development of Islam......Page 24
I. The Four Faces of Islam......Page 26
II. The Intermediate Civilization/The Hellenic Heritage in Islam......Page 77
Part Two Islamic Religious and Political Institutions......Page 94
III. Prayer in Islam......Page 96
IV. Ramadan, the Muslim Month of Fasting, its Early Development and Religious Meaning......Page 113
V. The Origin and Nature of the Muslim Friday Worship......Page 134
VI. The Birth-Hour of Muslim Law......Page 149
VII. The Sanctity of Jerusalem and Palestine in Early Islam......Page 158
VIII. A Turning-Point in the History of the Muslim State......Page 172
IX. The Origin of the Vizierate and its True Character......Page 191
Appendix......Page 217
X. Attitudes towards Government in Islam and Judaism......Page 220
Part Three Islamic Social History......Page 238
XI. The Rise of the Middle-Eastern Bourgeoisie in Early Islamic Times......Page 240
XII. The Mentality of the Middle Class in Medieval Islam......Page 265
XIII. The Working People of the Mediterranean Area during the High Middle Ages......Page 278
XIV. The Documents of the Cairo Geniza as a Source for Islamic Social History......Page 302
Appendix......Page 318
XV. The Unity of the Mediterranean World in the "Middle" Middle Ages......Page 319
XVI. Medieval Tunisia the Hub of the Mediterranean......Page 331
XVII. Letters and Documents on the India Trade in Medieval Times......Page 352
XVIII. The Beginnings of the Kārim Merchants and the Nature of their Organization......Page 374
XIX. The Present Day Arabic Proverb as a Testimony to the Social History of the Middle East......Page 384
Index and Glossary......Page 404