Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism: Dynamics of Contention and Their Consequences

Acknowledgments
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism. Forms of Organization, Alliances, and Outcomes
	Introduction
	The Formation of the Neoliberal University (and Resistance to it)
	Organizational Forms, Action Tactics, and Collective Identities
	The Configuration of Allies and Political Outcomes
	The Structure of the Book
	References
2 What Moves Students? Ritual Versus Reactive Student Demonstrations in Mexico City
	Introduction
	Theoretical Expectations
	Commemoration of the 1968 Students’ Movement and Massacre
	#YoSoy132 March During the 2012 PresidentialElectoral Campaign of Enrique Peña Nieto
	Surveying Student Protest Participation
	Predicting Protest Participation Between Ritual and Reactive Students’ Demonstrations
	Conclusions
	References
3 Contentious Institutionalized Movements: The Case of the Student Movement in Quebec
	Introduction
	Unpacking Institutionalization
	Research Method
	The Student Movement in Quebec: Institutionalization and Disruption
	Fragmented Institutionalization and the Legacy of the 1983 Act
	Alliances as Support Systems
	Conclusion
	References
4 Structuring the “Structureless” and Leading the “Leaderless”: Power and Organization in the Student Movement at the University of California
	Introduction
	Direct Democracy, Horizontalism, and Prefiguration in Contemporary Movements
	Perspectives on Horizontalism and Direct Democracy in the UC Movement
	“Do-Ocracy” or Hidden Oligarchy? Leadership, Power, and Exclusion in the UC Movement
	Structure or Fluidity: Why Do Participants Choose the Organizational Forms They Do?
	Conclusion
	References
5 Tweeting #FeesMustFall: The Online Life and Offline Protests of a Networked Student Movement
	Introduction
	Understanding #FeesMustFall: Neoliberal realities in South African Higher Education
	Conceptualizing an Internet-Age Networked Movement
	Methodology and Empirical Data
		Case Institutions and Interview Data
		Twitter Data
		Protest Event Data
	#FeesMustFall—A Hashtag’s Story
	The #FeesMustFall Network
		A Distributed, Multi-nodal, and Flat Network
		#FeesMustFall Trending
	A Social Media Divide in the Movement Landscape?
		A Networked Student Movement: #WitsFeesMustFall et al.
	Conclusion
	References
6 Movement Leadership in an Era of Connective Action: A Study of Hong Kong’s Student-Led Umbrella Movement
	Introduction
	Movement Leadership under Connective Actions
	How Movement Leadership Emerges and Acquires Authority
	Movement Leadership in an Era of Connective Action
	Student Leadership in Hong Kong Umbrella Movement
	Formation of the Student Leadership Under a Decentralized Structure
	Digital Activism and Leadership Responses
	Looking for a Way Out
	The End of the Umbrella Movement and its Ripples
	Concluding Remarks
	References
7 From the Classrooms to the Roofs: The 2010 University Researchers’ Movement in Italy
	Introduction
	Theories, Frameworks, and Previous Researches
	Methods and Sources
	The Chronology of the Mobilization: “riding the Dream”
	The Organizational Form and the Action Repertoire
		An (Inter)networked Participatory Organization
		Repertoires and Logics of Action: From the “Unavailability for Teaching” to the “Climbing on Roofs”
		The Logic of Damage: The “Unavailability for Teaching”
		The Logic of Numbers: Many But Not Enough
		The Logic of Bearing Witness: The “Climbing on University Roofs”
	Concluding Remarks
	References
8 Worker–Student Unity Against Outsourcing at the University of Johannesburg: Disrupting the Neoliberal Paradigm Through Direct Action and Alternative Relations
	Introduction
	Literature on FMF-EO and Alternative Lens
	Research Methods
	FMF-EO in Its Historical Period: Main Outcomes of the Neoliberal Trend in HEIs
	The Unfolding of Worker–Student Unity in UJ
	Worker–Student Unity in Action: Mutual Legitimacy and Scope
	The Foundations of Worker–Student Unity in Action
	Unprecedented but Precarious Outcomes
	Conclusion
	References
9 From Revolt to Reform: Student Protests and the Higher Education Agenda in England 2009–2019
	Introduction
	Gaining Influence: Movements, Alliances, and Policy Change
		Cooperation and Alliances in Social Movements
		Assessing the Policy Influence of Movements
	English Student Protests and Higher Education Reforms
		English Higher Education Reforms
		Student Resistance and Protests in England
	Methodology
	Student Protests and Higher Education Reforms England 2009/19
		The Rise and Fall of Anti-Austerity Student Activism [2009–2014]
		Rising Fees and the Revival of Student Activism [2009–2011]
		Fragmentation and New Student Struggles [2011–2014]
		New Reforms and the Rise and Fall of Corbynism [2015–2019]
		The New Higher Education Act and New Resistances
		Student Activists and the Rise and Fall Corbynism [2015–2019]
	Discussion and Conclusion
	References
10 Chile’s Student Movement: Strong, Detached, Influential—And Declining?
	Introduction
	Strengthening, detachment, and Influencing
	Transitioning to Democracy
	The Sluggish 1990s
	The Emergence of Autonomist Forces
	The 2001 mochilazo Protests
	The 2006 pingüino Protests
	The 2011–2012 Protests
		Strengthening the Movement
		Detaching the Movement from Polity Members
		Influencing the Government Through Popularity Threats
	A Movement in Decline?
	Conclusions
	References
11 Ever Failed? Fail Again, Fail Better: Tuition Protests in Germany, Turkey, and the United States
	Introduction
	Collective Memory, Movement Outcomes, and Alliance Building
	Case Selection
	Germany
	Turkey
	United States
	Conclusion
	References
Index