Structure and Function of the Aspartic Proteinases: Genetics, Structures, and Mechanisms

Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Studies on Pepsin Mutagenesis and Recombinant Rhizopuspepsinogen....Pages 1-8
Inhibitor Binding Induces Structural Changes in Porcine Pepsin....Pages 9-21
Functional Implications of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Bovine Chymosin....Pages 23-37
Why Does Pepsin Have a Negative Charge at Very Low pH? An Analysis of Conserved Charged Residues in Aspartic Proteinases....Pages 39-45
X-Ray Structural Studies of Mammalian Aspartic Proteinases....Pages 47-61
Aspartic Protease Inhibitors from the Parasitic Nematode Ascaris ....Pages 63-73
Nonspecific Electrostatic Binding of Substrates and Inhibitors to Porcine Pepsin....Pages 75-86
Analysis of the Promoter of a Human Pepsinogen a Gene....Pages 87-90
Separation and Characterization of Human Pepsinogens and Pepsins by High-Resolution Discontinuous Electrophoresis....Pages 91-94
A Highly Informative Polymorphism of the Pepsinogen C Gene Detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction....Pages 95-99
Consequences of Intramolecular Ionic Interactions for the Activation Rate of Human Pepsinogens A and C as Revealed by Molecular Modelling....Pages 101-105
Characteristics and Composition of Pepsins from Atlantic Cod....Pages 107-110
Reduction of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Induced Gastric Damage in the Rat by Soluble Pepstatin Derivatives....Pages 111-113
Production of Prochymosin in Lactococci....Pages 115-119
Structure and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Prochymosin Pseudogene....Pages 121-126
Amino Acid Sequence of Lamb Preprochymosin and its Comparison to Other Chymosins....Pages 127-131
Quantum-Chemical Study of the Catalytic Mechanism of Aspartic Proteinases....Pages 133-137
Effects of Viscosity and Solvent Deuterium Identify Multiple Partially Rate-Limiting Steps in the Kinetics of Porcine Pepsin....Pages 139-142
Structure-Function Database for Active Site Binding to the Aspartic Proteinases....Pages 143-147
Introduction to Fungal Proteinases and Expression in Fungal Systems....Pages 149-160
Characterization of the Bar Proteinase, An Extracellular Enzyme from the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ....Pages 161-172
 Candida Albicans Acid Proteinase: Characterization and Role in Candidiasis....Pages 173-183
Pepstatin-Insensitive Carboxyl Proteinases....Pages 185-201
Structure and Function of a Pepstatin-Insensitive Acid Proteinase from Aspergillus Niger var. Macrosporus ....Pages 203-211
Infection and Pathogenesis of Cash Crops by Botrytis Cinerea : Primary Role of an Aspartic Proteinase....Pages 213-216
Crystal Structures of Rhizopuspepsin/Inhibitor Complexes....Pages 217-231
A Yeast Expression System and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of a Fungal Aspartic Proteinase, Mucor Rennin....Pages 233-242
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Penicillopepsin....Pages 243-254
Thermopsin, A Thermostable Acid Protease from Sulfolobus Acidocaldarius ....Pages 255-257
Purification of an Aspartic Proteinase from Aspergillus Aculeatus ....Pages 259-263
Effect of Growth Conditions on the Extracellular Production of the Aspartic Proteinase by Candida Albicans ....Pages 265-267
X-Ray Analysis of a Difluorostatone Renin Inhibitor Bound as the Tetrahedral Hydrate to the Aspartic Protease Endothiapepsin....Pages 269-273
Substrate Specificity Study of Recombinant Rhizopus Chinensis Aspartic Proteinase....Pages 275-279
Localization of Cathepsin D in Endosomes: Characterization and Biological Importance....Pages 281-287
Proteolytic Activation of Human Procathepsin D....Pages 289-296
Biological Significance and Activity Control of Cathepsin E Compared with Cathepsin D....Pages 297-306
Exploiting the Molecular Template of Angiotensinogen in the Discovery and Design of Peptidyl, Pseudopeptidyl and Peptidemimetic Inhibitors of Human Renin: A Structure-Activity Perspective....Pages 307-323
Design of Renin Inhibitors Containing Conformationally Restricted Mimetics of the P 1 -P 1 ′ and P 1 through P 2 ′ Sites....Pages 325-334
Efficient Mutagenesis, Expression and Purification of Procathepsin D....Pages 335-338
Mapping of Lysosomal Targeting Determinants of Cathepsin D....Pages 339-342
Comparison of Kinetic Properties of Native and Recombinant Human Cathepsin D....Pages 343-347
Cathepsin D Inhibitor from Potato Tubers ( Solanum tuberosum L.)....Pages 349-353
Aspartic Proteinase from Barley Seeds is Related to Animal Cathepsin D....Pages 355-359
Immunohistochemical and Immunocytochemical Localization of Cathepsin E Compared with Cathepsin D....Pages 361-364
Origins of the Multiple Cathepsin E Transcripts Observed in Human Gastric Mucosa and Gastric Adenocarcinoma....Pages 365-368
Human Stomach Cathepsin E Action on Human Immunoglobulins....Pages 369-371
The Engineering of Recombinant Active Human Prerenin and its Expression in Mammalian and Insect Cells....Pages 373-377
Simple Procedure for Recovery of Crystallizable Human Recombinant Renin from Mammalian Cell-Conditioned Medium....Pages 379-381
Substrate Specificity of Human Renin: The Effect of Substitutions at the Amino Terminus and P 3 Position of the Substrate....Pages 383-386
Substrate Analogue Renin Inhibitors Containing Replacements of Histidine in P 2 or Isosteres of the Amide Bond Between P 3 and P 2 Sites....Pages 387-390
Molecular Modeling of Renin Inhibitor P 2 Substituents....Pages 391-394
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase: Now, Then, What’s Next?....Pages 395-405
Substrate Specificity of the Human (Type 1) and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Proteases....Pages 407-415
Expression and Characterization of Genetically Linked Homo- and Hetero-Dimers of Hiv Proteinase....Pages 417-428
Expression of the HIV Aspartic Protease Fused to a Bacterial Phenotypic Marker....Pages 429-432
Comparison of Three Inhibitor Complexes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease....Pages 433-441
Comparisons of the Sequences, 3-D Structures and Mechanisms of Pepsin-Like and Retroviral Aspartic Proteinases....Pages 443-453
The Three-Dimensional X-Ray Crystal Structure of HIV-1 Protease Complexed with a Hydroxyethylene Inhibitor....Pages 455-460
Substrate Cleavage by HIV-1 Proteinase....Pages 461-467
The Evaluation of Non-Viral Substrates of the HIV Protease as Leads in the Design of Inhibitors for Aids Therapy....Pages 469-482
Interaction of Mutant Forms of the HIV-1 Protease with Substrate and Inhibitors....Pages 483-487
Structure-Based Inhibition of HIV-1 Protease Activity and Viral Infectivity....Pages 489-492
Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of the HIV-1 Protease....Pages 493-497
Studies of the Autoprocessing of the HIV-1 Protease Using Cleavage Site Mutants....Pages 499-502
Mutational Analysis of a Native Substrate of the HIV-1 Proteinase....Pages 503-506
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies: Reagents for Studying HIV-1 Proteinase Variants....Pages 507-510
Cloning, Expression and Kinetic Characterization of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Proteinase....Pages 511-513
Protein-Engineered Proteinase of Myeloblastosis Associated Virus, An Enzyme of High Activity and HIV-1 Proteinase-Like Specificity....Pages 515-518
p15 gag Proteinase of Myeloblastosis Associated Virus: Specificity Studies with Substrate Based Inhibitors....Pages 519-523
Scintillation Proximity Enzyme Assay a Rapid and Novel Assay Technique Applied to HIV Proteinase....Pages 525-528
Improved Chromatographic Method for the Assay of Retroviral Proteases....Pages 529-531
Cleavage of the Intermediate Filament Subunit Protein Vimentin by HIV-1 Protease: Utilization of a Novel Cleavage Site and Identification of Higher Order Polymers of Pepstatin A....Pages 533-537
A New Type of Aspartic Proteinase Inhibitors with a Symmetric Structure....Pages 539-542
Time Dependent Heterodimer Formation Leads to Inhibition of HIV Protease Activity....Pages 543-547
Molecular Modeling of the HIV-2 Protease....Pages 549-553
Theoretical Models of Aspartic Proteases: Active Site Properties, Dimer Stability and Interactions with Model Inhibitors....Pages 555-558
A Consensus Template for the Aspartic Proteinase Fold....Pages 559-572
Back Matter....Pages 573-585