Structural timber design to Eurocode 5

STRUCTURAL TIMBER DESIGN......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 15
1.2 The structure of timber......Page 16
1.3.2 Hardwoods......Page 17
1.4.1 Knots......Page 18
1.4.3 Reaction wood......Page 19
1.4.5 Density and annual ring widths......Page 20
1.4.6 Conversion of timber......Page 21
1.5 Strength grading of timber......Page 25
1.5.2 Machine grading......Page 26
1.5.3 Strength classes......Page 27
1.7 Engineered wood products (EWPs)......Page 30
1.7.1 Glued-laminated timber (glulam)......Page 32
1.7.2 Plywood......Page 34
1.7.4 Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL), TimberStrand®......Page 36
1.7.6 Oriented Strand Board (OSB)......Page 39
1.7.7 Particleboards and fibre composites......Page 49
1.7.8 Thin webbed joists (I-joists)......Page 51
1.7.9 Thin webbed beams (Box beams)......Page 53
1.7.10 Structural insulated panels (SIPs)......Page 54
1.8 Suspended timber flooring......Page 55
1.9 Adhesive bonding of timber......Page 57
1.10 Preservative treatment for timber......Page 59
1.11 Fire safety and resistance......Page 60
1.12 References......Page 62
2.1 Eurocodes: General structure......Page 64
2.2.1 Terms and de.nitions (EC0, 1.5)......Page 66
2.2.3 Reliability management (EC0, 2.2)......Page 67
2.2.5 Durability (EC0, 2.4)......Page 68
2.2.7 Principles of limit state design: General (EC0, 3.1)......Page 69
2.2.10 Serviceability limit states (EC0, 3.4)......Page 70
2.2.11 Limit states design (EC0, 3.5)......Page 71
2.2.13 Characteristic values of actions (EC0, 4.1.2)......Page 72
2.2.14 Other representative values of variable actions (EC0, 4.1.3)......Page 73
2.2.16 Structural analysis (EC0, 5.1)......Page 74
2.2.17 Verification by the partial factor method: General (EC0, 6.1)......Page 76
2.2.19 Design values of the effects of actions (EC0, 6.3.2)......Page 77
2.2.20 Design values of material or product properties (EC0, 6.3.3)......Page 78
2.2.22 Design values of geometrical data (EC0, 6.3.4)......Page 82
2.2.24 Ultimate limit states (EC0, 6.4.1–6.4.5)......Page 84
2.2.25 Serviceability limit states: General (EC0, 6.5)......Page 88
2.3.1 General matters......Page 90
2.3.2 Serviceability limit states (EC5, 2.2.3)......Page 91
2.3.3 Load duration and moisture influences on strength (EC5, 2.3.2.1)......Page 93
2.3.4 Load duration and moisture influences on deformations (EC5, 2.3.2.2)......Page 94
2.3.5 Stress–strain relations (EC5, 3.1.2)......Page 96
2.3.6 Size and stress distribution effects (EC5, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 6.4.3)......Page 97
2.3.7 System strength (EC5, 6.6)......Page 99
2.4 Symbols......Page 101
2.5 References......Page 106
3.2 What is Mathcad?......Page 108
3.3.2 Definitions and variables......Page 109
3.3.4 Working with units......Page 110
3.3.5 Commonly used Mathcad functions......Page 112
3.5 References......Page 114
4.2 Design considerations......Page 115
4.4 Member Span......Page 117
4.5.1 Bending......Page 118
4.5.2 Shear......Page 129
4.5.3 Bearing (Compression perpendicular to the grain)......Page 133
4.5.4 Torsion......Page 137
4.6.1 Deformation......Page 139
4.6.2 Vibration......Page 143
4.8 Examples......Page 147
5.2 Design considerations......Page 162
5.3.1 Members subjected to axial compression......Page 164
5.3.2 Members subjected to compression at an angle to the grain......Page 171
5.3.3 Members subjected to axial tension......Page 176
5.4.1 Where lateral torsional instability due to bending about the major axis will not occur......Page 177
5.4.2 Lateral torsional instability under the effect of bending about the major axis......Page 181
5.4.3 Members subjected to combined bending and axial tension......Page 182
5.5.1 Design of load-bearing walls......Page 183
5.5.2 Out of plane deflection of load-bearing stud walls (and columns)......Page 188
5.6 References......Page 190
5.7 Examples......Page 191
6.2 Design considerations......Page 219
6.3.2 Design methodology......Page 221
6.4 Design of glued-laminated members with tapered, curved or pitched curved profiles (also applicable to LVL members)......Page 225
6.4.1 Design of single tapered beams......Page 226
6.4.2 Design of double tapered beams, curved and pitched cambered beams......Page 230
Annex 6.1 Deflection formulae for simply supported tapered and double tapered beams subjected to a point load at mid-span or to a uniformly distributed load.......Page 236
Annex 6.2 Graphical representation of factors kl  and kp used in the derivation of the bending and radial stresses in the ape......Page 239
6.6 References......Page 240
6.7 Examples......Page 241
7.1 Introduction......Page 262
7.3.1 Glued thin webbed beams......Page 263
7.3.2 Glued thin flanged beams (Stressed skin panels)......Page 274
7.5 Examples......Page 282
8.2 Design considerations......Page 306
8.3 General......Page 307
8.4 Bending stiffness of built-up columns......Page 308
8.4.1 The effective bending stiffness of built-up sections about the strong (y–y) axis......Page 309
8.4.2 The effective bending stiffness of built-up sections about the z–z axis......Page 311
8.4.3 Design procedure......Page 313
8.4.4 Built-up sections – spaced columns......Page 317
8.4.5 Built-up sections – latticed columns......Page 322
8.5 Combined axial loading and moment......Page 325
8.6 Effect of creep at the ULS......Page 326
8.8 Examples......Page 327
9.2 Design considerations......Page 352
9.3.1 General......Page 353
9.3.2 Bracing of single members (subjected to direct compression) by local support......Page 355
9.3.3 Bracing of single members (subjected to bending) by local support......Page 358
9.3.4 Bracing for beam, truss or column systems......Page 359
9.4.1 Limitations on the applicability of the method......Page 362
9.4.2 Simplified design procedure......Page 363
9.5 The in-plane racking resistance of timber walls under horizontal and vertical loading......Page 365
9.5.1 The in-plane racking resistance of timber walls using Method B in EC5......Page 366
9.6 References......Page 371
9.7 Examples......Page 372
10.1.1 Metal dowel type fasteners......Page 386
10.3 Failure theory and strength equations for laterally loaded connections formed using metal dowel fasteners......Page 389
10.3.2 Characteristic fastener yield moment (My,Rk)......Page 396
10.3.3 Characteristic Embedment strength ( fh)......Page 397
10.3.4 Member thickness, t1 and t2......Page 400
10.3.5 Friction effects and axial withdrawal of the fastener......Page 402
10.3.6 Brittle failure......Page 404
10.4.1 The effective number of fasteners......Page 410
10.4.2 Alternating forces in connections......Page 413
10.5.2 Loaded perpendicular to the grain......Page 414
10.7 Multiple shear plane connections......Page 415
10.8.1 Axially loaded nails......Page 417
10.8.4 Axially loaded screws......Page 420
10.9 Combined laterally and axially loaded metal dowel connections......Page 422
10.10 Lateral stiffness of metal dowel connections at the SLS and ULS......Page 423
10.11 Frame analysis incorporating the effect of lateral movement in metal dowel fastener connections......Page 429
10.12 References......Page 430
10.13 Examples......Page 431
11.3.1 Strength behaviour......Page 466
11.4.1 Strength behaviour......Page 473
11.5 Multiple shear plane connections......Page 479
11.8.1 Loaded parallel to the grain......Page 480
11.8.2 Loaded perpendicular to the grain......Page 481
11.9 Stiffness behaviour of toothed-plate, ring and shear-plate connectors......Page 482
11.11 References......Page 483
11.12 Examples......Page 484
12.2 Design considerations......Page 497
12.3 The effective number of fasteners in a row in a moment connection......Page 498
12.5 Moment behaviour in timber connections: rigid model behaviour......Page 499
12.5.1 Assumptions in the connection design procedure......Page 500
12.5.2 Connection design procedure......Page 502
12.5.3 Shear strength and force component checks on connections subjected to a moment and lateral forces......Page 504
12.6.1 The stiffness of semi-rigid moment connections......Page 511
12.6.2 The analysis of beams with semi-rigid end connections......Page 514
12.7 References......Page 517
12.8 Examples......Page 518
Appendix A: Weights of Building Materials......Page 542
Appendix B: Related British Standards for Timber Engineering in Buildings......Page 544
Appendix C: Outline of Draft Amendment A1 to EN 1995-1-1......Page 546
Index......Page 550
The Example Worksheets Disks Order Form......Page 556