Structural Optimization Using Shuffled Shepherd Meta-Heuristic Algorithm: Extensions and Applications

1
	Preface
	Contents
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	1 Introduction
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 The Main Phase of the Metaheuristic Algorithms
			1.2.1 The Problem Definition Phase
			1.2.2 The Algorithm Parameter Definition Phase
			1.2.3 The Initialization Phase
			1.2.4 The Main Loop
		1.3 Structural Optimum Design
		1.4 Goals and Organization of the Present Book
		References
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	2 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Method: A New Meta-Heuristic Algorithm
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm
			2.2.1 Inspiration
			2.2.2 Mathematical Model
			2.2.3 Steps of the Optimization Algorithm
		2.3 Validation of the SSOA
			2.3.1 Mathematical Optimization Problems
			2.3.2 Engineering Optimization Problems
		2.4 Numerical Examples
			2.4.1 The 25-Bar Spatial Truss
			2.4.2 The 47-Bar Planer Truss
			2.4.3 The 72-Bar Spatial Truss
			2.4.4 The 120-Bar Dome Truss
			2.4.5 A 272-Bar Transmission Tower
			2.4.6 A 1016-Bar Double-Layer Grid
		2.5 Conclusions
		References
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	3 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Method Simplified for Reducing the Parameter Dependency
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Optimization Algorithms
			3.2.1 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm (SSOA)
			3.2.2 Parameters Reduced Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm (PRSSOA)
		3.3 Numerical Examples
			3.3.1 The 160-Bar Spatial Truss
			3.3.2 The 272-Bar Transmission Tower
			3.3.3 The 1016-Bar Double-Layer Grid
		3.4 Concluding Remarks
		References
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	4 An Enhanced Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm and Application to Space Structures
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm (SSOA)
		4.3 Enhanced Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm
			4.3.1 Enhancement on the Initialization Phase
			4.3.2 Enhancement on the Stepsize Part
		4.4 Statement of the Optimization Problem
		4.5 Design Examples
			4.5.1 A 693-Bar Double-Layer Barrel Vault
			4.5.2 A 1016-Bar Double-Layer Grid
			4.5.3 A 1410-Bar Dome Structure
		4.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
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	5 A New Strategy Added to the SSAO for Structural Damage Detection
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm
			5.2.1 Steps of SSOA
		5.3 Structural Damage Detection Approach
			5.3.1 Theoretical Background
			5.3.2 Proposed Objective Function
			5.3.3 The Boundary Strategy (BS) in Metaheuristic-Based Damage Detection
		5.4 Numerical Examples
			5.4.1 25-Bar Planar Truss
			5.4.2 40-Element Continuous Beam
			5.4.3 A 23-Element Asymmetrical Planar Frame
			5.4.4 A 72-Bar Spatial Truss
		5.5 Concluding Remarks
		References
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	6 Optimum Design of Curve Roof Frames by SSOA and Comparison with TLBO, ECBO, and WSA
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Metaheuristic Algorithms
			6.2.1 Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO)
			6.2.2 Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization (ECBO)
			6.2.3 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm (SSOA)
			6.2.4 Water Strider Algorithm (WSA)
		6.3 Statement of the Discrete Optimization Problem
			6.3.1 Checking the Design Constraints of the Problem
			6.3.2 Optimum Design of the Structures Using the SAP2000-OAPI
		6.4 Structural Loading
			6.4.1 Load Combinations
			6.4.2 Vertical Loads
			6.4.3 Lateral Loads
		6.5 Design Examples
			6.5.1 Discussion and Results for the Frames with L = 16.0 m
			6.5.2 Discussion and Results for the Frames with L = 32.0 m
		6.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
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	7 Optimum Design of Castellated Beams Using SSOA and the Other Four Meta-Heuristic Algorithms
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Geometry of the Castellated Beams
		7.3 Design of Castellated Beams
			7.3.1 Overall Beam Flexural Capacity
			7.3.2 Beam Shear Capacity
			7.3.3 Flexural and Buckling Strength of Web Post
			7.3.4 Vierendeel Bending of Upper and Lower Tees
			7.3.5 Geometric Criteria
			7.3.6 Deflection of Castellated Beams
		7.4 Castellated Beams Optimization
			7.4.1 Design of Castellated Beams with Circular Holes
			7.4.2 Design of Castellated Beams with Hexagonal Opening
		7.5 Recently Developed Meta-Heuristic Algorithms
			7.5.1 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm (SSOA)
			7.5.2 Improved Shuffled Based JAYA Algorithm (IS-JAYA)
			7.5.3 Plasma Generation Optimization (PGO)
			7.5.4 Set-Theoretical-Based Jaya Algorithm (ST-JA)
		7.6 Examples
			7.6.1 Castellated Beam with 4-M Span
			7.6.2 Castellated Beam with 8-m Span
			7.6.3 Castellated Beam with 9-m Span
		7.7 Concluding Remarks
		References
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	8 An Improved PSO Using the SRM of the ESSOA for Optimum Design of the Frame Structures via the Force Method
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 Force Method of Frame Analysis
		8.3 Graph-Theoretical Force Method
		8.4 Optimization Problems with Discrete Design Variables
		8.5 PSO-SRM Optimization
			8.5.1 Particle Swarm Optimization
			8.5.2 Statistical Regeneration Mechanism (SRM)
			8.5.3 PSO-SRM Algorithm
		8.6 Design Examples
			8.6.1 The 1-Bay 10-Story Steel Frame
			8.6.2 The 3-Bay 15-Story Steel Frame
			8.6.3 The 3-Bay 24-Story Steel Frame
		8.7 Discussion and Concluding Remarks
		References
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	9 An Efficient ESSOA for the Reliability Based Design Optimization Using the New Framework
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Formulation of Optimization and Reliability
			9.2.1 Formulation of RBDO Problem
			9.2.2 Sequential Optimization Together with Reliability Assessment
		9.3 New Reliability-Based Design Optimization Framework
			9.3.1 Reliability Assessment
			9.3.2 Termination Condition
			9.3.3 SORA-Double-Metaheuristic
		9.4 SORA-DESSOA
			9.4.1 Enhanced Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithm
		9.5 Numerical Examples
			9.5.1 Benchmark Examples
			9.5.2 Structural Benchmark Examples
			9.5.3 New Examples
		9.6 Concluding Remarks
		References
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	10 Reliability-Based Design Optimization of the Frame Structures Using the ESSOA and ERao
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 The Force Method of Structural Analysis
		10.3 RBDO Framework
			10.3.1 No Constraint Most Probable Point Finder
			10.3.2 Termination Condition
			10.3.3 SORA-DM Framework
		10.4 Optimization Algorithms
			10.4.1 Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithms
			10.4.2 Rao Algorithms
			10.4.3 Enhanced Shuffled Shepherd Optimization Algorithms
			10.4.4 Enhanced Rao Algorithms
		10.5 Numerical Examples
			10.5.1 The 1-Bay 10-Story Steel Frame
			10.5.2 The 3-Bay 15-Story Steel Frame
			10.5.3 The 3-Bay 24-Story Steel Frame
		10.6 Concluding Remarks
		References