Structural Integrity and Monitoring for Composite Materials

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Structural Health Monitoring of Laminated Materials for Aerospace Application
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Composite Materials
		1.2 Damage Modes in Composite Materials
		1.3 Structural Health Monitoring for Composite Materials
	2 SHM Strategies for Composite Materials
		2.1 Main Sensor Types for SHM
		2.2 SHM Methods
	3 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Damage Evaluation and Failure of Laminated Composite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Microdefect Mechanisms in Fiber-Reinforced Composites
		2.1 Typical Microdefect Mechanisms
		2.2 Micromechanical Model of the Composite Materials Degradation Process
	3 Modelling Microdefect Evaluation and Failure in Composite Material Lamina
		3.1 Characteristic of Microdefect in Kinetic Model
		3.2 Kinetic Damage Model
		3.3 Damage Evaluation and Failure Process in Lamina
	4 Conclusion
	References
Damage Detection of Impact-Induced Fiber Glass Laminated Composite (FGLC) Plates Via ANN Approach
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Low Velocity Impact-Induced Delamination Test
		2.2 Signal Acquisition of Impact-Induced Delamination in FGLC Material
		2.3 Signal Segmentation
		2.4 Feature Extraction
		2.5 Signal Classification Using the ANN Approach
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 LVI Test Result of FGLC Plates
		3.2 Detection of the IID Using Ultrasonic Immersion Testing Method
		3.3 Signal De-noising Result
		3.4 Delamination Image Based on Re-plotted UT A-Scan Signals
		3.5 Delamination Measurement Result
		3.6 Classification Result of the Impact-Induced Delamination in FGLC
	4 Conclusion
	5 Recommendation
	References
Microperforated Panel Made by Biodegradable Natural Fiber Composite for Acoustic Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Experiment
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fractographic Investigation and Mechanical Properties of Novel 7xxx Al-Alloy from Recycled Beverage Cans (RBCs) for Automotive Components Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Experiment
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Fractographic Morphology Analysis
		3.2 Ultimate Tensile Strength
		3.3 Hardness of the Alloy
		3.4 Microstructure Study
	4 Conclusions and Future Perspective
	References
Condition Monitoring of Wood Polymer Composite for Civil Engineering
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials as Wood Polymer Composites for Civil Engineering Application
		2.1 Structure and Properties of Polypropylene (PP)
		2.2 Structure and Properties of Wood
		2.3 Rice Husk (RH) as Filler in Polymer Composites
	3 Fabrication of Wood Polymer Composites, WPC
	4 Properties of Wood Polymer Composites, WPC
		4.1 Condition Monitoring for Tensile Strength of Wood Polymer Composites Properties After UV Irradiation Exposure
		4.2 Modulus of Elasticity for Wood Polymer Composites
		4.3 Flexural Properties of Wood Polymer Composites
		4.4 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
	5 Correlation of the Mechanical Properties and Photodegradation of WPCs After UV Irradiation Exposure
	6 Conclusion
	References
Synthetic, Hybrid and Natural Composite Fabrication Processes
	1 Synthetic Composites
	2 Natural Composites
	3 Hybrid Composites
	4 Basic Manufacturing Steps
		4.1 Impregnation
		4.2 Lay-up
		4.3 Consolidation
		4.4 Solidification
	5 Composite Fabrication Process
		5.1 Wet Lay-up Processes
		5.2 Prepreg Production and Vacuum Bagging (Prepreg Lay-up)
		5.3 Pressure Bag Molding
		5.4 Filament Winding
		5.5 Pultrusion
		5.6 Molding
		5.7 Thermoforming
		5.8 Centrifugal Casting
	References
Application of Composite for Engineering Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Composites in Industries
	3 The Application of Composites
		3.1 Infrastructure
		3.2 Transportation
	4 Material in Automobile Industry
	5 Fibres of Composites
		5.1 Hybrid of Composites Fibres
		5.2 Hybridisation of Natural and Synthetic Fibre
		5.3 Hybridisation with Synthetic Fibres
		5.4 Hybridisation with Natural Fibres
	6 Conclusion
	References
Potential Application of Natural Fibre in the Aviation Industry
	1 Aerospace Industry
	2 Aircraft Radome
	3 The Material in Aircraft Radome
	4 Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite
		4.1 Pineapple Leaves Fiber
		4.2 Kenaf Fiber
		4.3 Bamboo Fiber
	5 Material Analysis and Testing
		5.1 Tensile Test
	6 Conclusion
	References
Natural Fibre for Composite Structural Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Corn-Starch Based Bioplastics
		2.1 Irradiation Towards Bioplastic
	3 Banana Paper
		3.1 Recycled Paper
		3.2 Radiation on Paper
		3.3 Properties and Structure of Paper
	4 Conclusion
	References
Overview of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Parts Material in Recent Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
	3 Drone Innovation Perspective
		3.1 Multi-rotor Drone
		3.2 Fixed-Wing Drone
		3.3 Single-Rotor Drone
		3.4 Fixed-Wing Hybrid Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL) Drone
	4 Drone Compartment
		4.1 Drone Arm
		4.2 Drone Propeller
		4.3 Drone Base Frame
	5 Materials for Drone Arm
		5.1 Carbon Fiber
		5.2 Aluminium
	6 Summary
	References
Characterization of Semi Amorphous Phase of Rice Husk Silica Reinforced AA7075 Aluminium Chips Based Matrix
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment Procedure
		2.1 Based Matrix of AA7075 Aluminium Chips
		2.2 Rice Husk Silica Reinforced Aluminium Based Matrix Composite
		2.3 Preparation of AMC Specimens
		2.4 Sintering Process
		2.5 Analysis of Specimens
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
		3.2 Microhardness of Aluminium Matrix Composites
		3.3 Compression Strength of Aluminium Matrix Composites
		3.4 Physical Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composites
		3.5 Microstructure of Aluminium Matrix Composites
	4 Conclusion
	References
Improving the Flexural and Tensile Properties of Reinforced Polypropylene Composites by Using Pineapple Leaf Fibre
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Composition Analysis
		2.2 Fabrication Using Injection Moulding
		2.3 Tensile and Flexural Test
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Chemical Composition of PALF
		3.2 Tensile Properties
		3.3 Flexural Properties
	4 Conclusions
	References
Natural Fiber of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (PEFB) Reinforced Epoxy Resin as Polymer Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Natural Fiber of Palm Oil Waste
	3 Municipal Solid Waste
	4 Composite Materials
	5 Polymer Composites
	6 Methods for Fabrication Polymer Composite by Hand Lay-Up Techniques
	7 Previous Study Natural Fiber into Polymer Composites
	8 Methodology
	9 Results and Discussions
		9.1 Density and Porosity Analysis
		9.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis
		9.3 Tensile Strength Analysis
		9.4 Impact Strength Test Analysis
	10 Conclusion
	References
The Development of Temporary Bone Scaffolds from High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) for Biomedical Application
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Cockle Shells CaCO3 Powder Preparation
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Crushing Process
		2.4 Injection Molding
		2.5 Mechanical Testing
		2.6 Material Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Flexural Test
		3.2 Impact Test
		3.3 Tensile Test
		3.4 SEM and EDX Analysis
		3.5 FTiR Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	5 Recommendation
	References