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دانلود کتاب Structural Engineering Handbook
دانلود کتاب جزوه مهندسی سازه
مشخصات کتاب
Structural Engineering Handbook
ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Chen Wai-Fah
سری:
ناشر: CRC Press LLC, 1999
سال نشر: 1999
تعداد صفحات: [1724]
زبان: English
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toc.pdf Contents 01.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability Introduction Plates Basic Assumptions Governing Equations Boundary Conditions Circular Plate Examples of Bending Problems Stability Basic Concepts Columns Thin-Walled Members Plates Defining Terms 02.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Structural Analysis Fundamental Principles Boundary Conditions Loads and Reactions Principle of Superposition Idealized Models Flexural Members Axial Force, Shear Force, and Bending Moment Relation Between Load, Shear, and Bending Moment Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams Fix-Ended Beams Continuous Beams Beam Deflection Curved Flexural Members Trusses Method of Joints Method of Sections Compound Trusses Stability and Determinacy Frames Slope Deflection Method Application of Slope Deflection Method to Frames Moment Distribution Method Method of Consistent Deformations Plates Bending of Thin Plates Boundary Conditions Bending of Simply Supported Rectangular Plates Bending of Circular Plates Strain Energy of Simple Plates Plates of Various Shapes and Boundary Conditions Orthotropic Plates Buckling of Thin Plates Shell Stress Resultants in Shell Element Membrane Theory of Shells of Revolution Spherical Dome Conical Shells Shells of Revolution Subjected to Unsymmetrical Loading Membrane Theory of Cylindrical Shells Symmetrically Loaded Circular Cylindrical Shells Buckling of Shells Influence Lines Influence Lines for Shear in Simple Beams Influence Lines for Bending Moment in Simple Beams Influence Lines for Trusses Qualitative Influence Lines Influence Lines for Continuous Beams Energy Methods in Structural Analysis Strain Energy Due to Uniaxial Stress Strain Energy in Bending Strain Energy in Shear The Energy Relations in Structural Analysis Unit Load Method Matrix Methods Flexibility Method Stiffness Method Element Stiffness Matrix Grillages Structure Stiffness Matrix Loading Between Nodes Semi-Rigid End Connection The Finite Element Method Basic Concept Basic Equations from Theory of Elasticity Plane Stress Plane Strain Element Shapes and Discretization Choice of Displacement Function Nodal Degrees of Freedom Isoparametric Elements Isoparametric Families of Elements Element Shape Functions Formulation of Stiffness Matrix Plates Subjected to In-Plane Forces Beam Element Plates in Bendings---Rectangular Element Inelastic Analysis An Overall View Ductility Redistribution of Forces Plastic Hinge Plastic Moment Theory of Plastic Analysis Equilibrium Method Mechanism Method Gable Frames Analysis Charts for Gable Frames Grillages Vierendeel Girders First-Order Hinge-By-Hinge Analysis Frame Stability Categorization of Analysis Methods Columns Stability Beam-Column Stability Slope Deflection Equations Second-Order Elastic Analysis Modifications to Account for Plastic Hinge Effects Modification for End Connections Second-Order Refined Plastic Hinge Analysis Second-Order Plastic Zone Analysis Three-Dimensional Frame Element Structural Dynamic Equation of Motion Free Vibration Forced Vibration Response to Suddenly Applied Load Response to Time-Varying Loads Multiple Degree Systems Distributed Mass Systems Portal Frames Damping Numerical Analysis Defining Terms 03.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Structural Steel Design Materials Stress-Strain Behavior of Structural Steel Types of Steel Carbon Steels (ASTM A36, ASTM A529, ASTM 709) High Strength Low Alloy Steels (ASTM A441, ASTM A572) Corrosion-Resistant High Strength Low Alloy Steels (ASTM A242, ASTM A588) Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steels (ASTM A852, ASTM A514, ASTM A709, ASTM A852) Fireproofing of Steel Corrosion Protection of Steel Structural Steel Shapes Structural Fasteners Bolts Welds Weldability of Steel Design Philosophy and Design Formats Design Philosophy Design Formats Tension Members Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Pin-Connected Members Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Threaded Rods Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Compression Members Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Built-Up Compression Members Flexural Members Allowable Stress Design Flexural Strength Criterion Shear Strength Criterion Criteria for Concentrated Loads De ection Criterion Load and Resistance Factor Design Flexural Strength Criterion Shear Strength Criterion Criteria for Concentrated Loads De ection Criterion Continuous Beams Lateral Bracing of Beams Combined Flexure and Axial Force Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Biaxial Bending Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Combined Bending, Torsion, and Axial Force Frames Plate Girders Allowable Stress Design Allowable Bending Stress Allowable Shear Stress Transverse Stiffeners Load and Resistance Factor Design Flexural Strength Criterion Shear Strength Criterion Flexure-Shear Interaction Bearing Stiffeners Intermediate Stiffeners Connections Bolted Connections Bolt Holes Bolts Loaded in Tension Bolts Loaded in Shear Bolts Loaded in Combined Tension and Shear Bearing Strength at Fastener Holes Minimum Fastener Spacing Minimum Edge Distance Maximum Fastener Spacing Maximum Edge Distance Bolted Hanger Type Connections Bolted Bracket Type Connections Bolted Shear Connections Bolted Moment-Resisting Connections Design of Moment-Resisting Connections Welded Connections Welding Symbols Strength of Welds Effective Area of Welds Size and Length Limitations of Welds Welded Connections for Tension Members Welded Bracket Type Connections Welded Connections with Welds Subjected to Combined Shear and Flexure Welded Shear Connections Welded Moment-Resisting Connections Shop Welded-Field Bolted Connections Beam and Column Splices Column Base Plates and Beam Bearing Plates (LRFD Approach) Column Base Plates Axially Loaded Base Plates Base Plates for Tubular and Pipe Columns Base Plates with Moments Base Plates with Shear Anchor Bolts Beam Bearing Plates Composite Members (LRFD Approach) Composite Columns Design Compressive Strength Composite Beams Composite Floor Slabs Plastic Design Plastic Design of Columns and Beams Plastic Design of Beam-Columns Defining Terms References Further Reading 04.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Structural Concrete Design Properties of Concrete and Reinforcing Steel Properties of Concrete Heavyweight Concrete High-Strength Concrete Reinforcing Steel Proportioning and Mixing Concrete Proportioning Concrete Mix Admixtures Mixing Flexural Design of and One-Way Slabs Reinforced Concrete Strength Design Analysis of Rectangular Beams with Tension Reinforcement Only Analysis of Beams with Tension and Compression Reinforcement Prestressed ConcreteStrength Design Elastic Flexural Analysis Flexural Strength Reinforcement Ratios Columns under Bending and Axial Load Short Columns under Minimum Eccentricity Short Columns under Axial Load and Bending Slenderness Effects Columns under Axial Load and Biaxial Bending Bresler Reciprocal Load Method Bresler Load Contour Method PCA (Parme-Gowens) Load Contour Method Shear and Torsion Reinforced Concrete Beams and One-Way Slabs Strength Design Design of Beams and One-Way Slabs Without Shear Reinforcement: for Shear Design of Beams and One-Way Slabs Without Shear Reinforcements: for Torsion Design of Beams and One-Way Slabs without Shear Reinforcement: Design of Stirrup Reinforcement for Shear and Torsion Design of Deep Beams Prestressed Concrete Beams and One-Way Slabs Strength Design Shear Strength Provided by the Concrete Shear Strength Provided by the Shear Reinforcement Development of Reinforcement Development of Bars in Tension Development of Bars in Compression Development of Hooks in Tension Bundled Bars, and Web Reinforcement Splices Bundled Bars Web Reinforcement Two-Way Systems Definition Design Procedures Minimum Slab Thickness and Reinforcement Direct Design Method Equivalent Frame Method Detailing Frames Analysis of Frames Slope De ection Moment Distribution Matrix Analysis Approximate Analysis ACI Moment Coefficients Limit Analysis Design for Seismic Loading Flexural Members Columns Joints of Frames Brackets and Corbels Footings Types of Footings Design Considerations Size of Footings Two-Way Shear (Punching Shear) One-Way Shear Flexural Reinforcement and Footing Reinforcement Bending Capacity of Column at Base Dowels on Footings Development Length of the Reinforcing Bars Differential Settlement Wall Footings Single-Column Spread Footings Combined Footings Two-Column Footings Strip, Grid, and Mat Foundations Footings on Piles Walls Panel, Curtain, and Bearing Walls Basement Walls Partition Walls Shears Walls Defining Terms References Further Reading 05.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Earthquake Engineering Introduction Earthquakes Causes of Earthquakes and Faulting Distribution of Seismicity Global U.S. Other Areas Measurement of Earthquakes Magnitude Intensity Time History Elastic Inelastic Response Spectra Response Spectrum Intensity and Other Measures Engineering Intensity Scale Strong Motion Attenuation and Duration Seismic Hazard and Design Earthquake Code Approach Upper-Bound Approach Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Selection of Design Earthquake Effect of Soils on Ground Motion Analytical Methods Empirical Methods Liquefaction and Liquefaction-Related Permanent Ground Displacement Simplified Procedure for Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Seismic Design Codes Purpose of Codes Historical Development of Seismic Codes Selected Seismic Codes Earthquake Effects and Design of Structures Buildings How Earthquake Forces are Resisted Estimation of Earthquake Forces Types of Buildings and Typical Earthquake Performance Passive Control Active Control Non-Building Structures Bridges Industrial Structures Defining Terms References Further Reading 06.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Composite Construction Introduction Historical Overview Scope Design Codes Materials Concrete Reinforcing Steel Structural Steel Steel Decking Shear Connectors Simply-Supported Composite Beams Beam Response and Failure Modes The Effective Width of Concrete Flange Elastic Analysis Plastic Analysis Vertical Shear Serviceability Limit States Worked Examplesfootnotemark Continuous Beams Introduction Effective Width Local Buckling and Classification of Cross-Sections Elastic Analysis of the Cross-Section Plastic Resistance of the Cross-Section Serviceability Limit States Ultimate Limit State The Lateral-Torsional Buckling Worked Examples The Shear Connection The Shear Transfer Mechanisms The Shear Strength of Mechanical Shear Connectors Steel-Concrete Interface Separation Shear Connectors Spacing Shear Connection Detailing Transverse Reinforcement The Shear Connection in Fully and Partially Composite Beams Worked Examples Composite Columns Types of Sections and Advantages Failure Mechanisms The Elastic Behavior of the Section The Plastic Behavior of the Section The Behavior of the Members Influence of Local Buckling Shear Effects Load Introduction Region Restrictions for the Application of the Design Methods Worked Examples Composite Slabs The Steel Deck The Composite Slab Worked Examples 07.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Cold-Formed Steel Structures Introduction Design Standards Design Bases Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Limit States Design or Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Materials and Mechanical Properties Yield Point, Tensile Strength, and Stress-Strain Relationship Strength Increase from Cold Work of Forming Modulus of Elasticity, Tangent Modulus, and Shear Modulus Ductility Element Strength Maximum Flat-Width-to-Thickness Ratios Stiffened Elements under Uniform Compression Stiffened Elements with Stress Gradient Unstiffened Elements under Uniform Compression Uniformly Compressed Elements with an Edge Stiffener Uniformly Compressed Elements with Intermediatenewline Stiffeners Member Design Sectional Properties Linear Method for Computing Sectional Properties Tension Members Flexural Members Concentrically Loaded Compression Members Combined Axial Load and Bending Cylindrical Tubular Members Connections and Joints Welded Connections Bolted Connections Screw Connections Structural Systems and Assemblies Metal Buildings Shear Diaphragms Shell Roof Structures Wall Stud Assemblies Residential Construction Composite Construction Defining Terms 08.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Aluminum Structures Introduction The Material Alloy Characteristics Codes and Specifications Structural Behavior General Component Behavior Joints Fatigue Design General Considerations Design Studies Economics of Design Defining Terms 09.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Timber Structures Introduction Types of Wood Products Types of Structures Design Specifications and Industry Resources Properties of Wood Preliminary Design Considerations Loads and Load Combinations Design Values Adjustment of Design Values Beam Design Moment Capacity Shear Capacity Bearing Capacity NDS Provisions Tension Member Design Column Design Solid Columns Spaced Columns Built-Up Columns NDS Provisions Combined Load Design Combined Bending and Axial Tension Biaxial Bending or Combined Bending and Axial Compression NDS Provisions Fastener and Connection Design Nails, Spikes, and Screws Bolts, Lag Screws, and Dowels Other Types of Connections NDS Provisions Structural Panels Panel Section Properties Panel Design Values Design Resources Shear Walls and Diaphragms Required Resistance Shear Wall and Diaphragm Resistance Design Resources Trusses Curved Beams and Arches Curved Beams Arches Design Resources Serviceability Considerations Deflections Vibrations NDS Provisions Non-Structural Performance Defining Terms 10.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Bridge Structures General Introduction Classification Plan Design Loads Influence Lines Steel Bridges Introduction Welding Bolting Fabrication in Shop Construction on Site Painting Concrete Bridges Introduction Reinforced Concrete Bridges Prestressed Concrete Bridges Concrete Substructures Introduction Bents and Piers Abutments Design Consideration Floor System Introduction Decks Pavement Stringers Floor Beams Bearings, Expansion Joints, and Railings Introduction Bearings (Shoes) Expansion Joints Railings Girder Bridges Structural Features Plate Girder (Noncomposite) Composite Girder Grillage Girder Box Girder Truss Bridges Structural Features Types of Trusses Structural Analysis and Secondary Stress Gerber Truss Bridge Rigid Frame Bridges (Rahmen Bridges) Structural Features Portal Frame -Rahmen (Strutted Beam Bridge) Vierendeel Bridge Arch Bridges Structural Features Types of Arches Structural Analysis Langer Bridge Lohse Bridge Trussed Arch and Nielsen Arch Bridges Cable-Stayed Bridges Structural Features Types of Cable-Stayed Bridges Structural Analysis Tension in Cable Suspension Bridges Structural Features Types of Suspension Bridges Structural Analysis Cable Design Stiffening Girder Tower Stability for Wind Defining Terms 11.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Shell Structures Introduction Overview Production Practice Scope Limitations Stress Components for Stability Analysis and Design Materials Steel Other Materials Geometries, Failure Modes, and Loads Geometries Failure Modes Loads and Load Combinations Buckling Design Method Stress Factor Nomenclature Allowable Compressive Stresses for Cylindrical Shells Uniform Axial Compression Axial Compression Due to Bending Moment External Pressure Shear Sizing of Rings (General Instability) Uniform Axial Compression and Axial Compression Due to Bending External Pressure Shear Local Stiffener Buckling Allowable Compressive Stresses For Cones Uniform Axial Compression and Axial Compression Due to Bending Allowable Longitudinal and Bending Stresses Unstiffened Cone-Cylinder Junctions Cone-Cylinder Junction Rings External Pressure Allowable Circumferential Compression Stresses Intermediate Stiffening Rings Cone-Cylinder Junction Rings Shear Allowable In-Plane Shear Stress Intermediate Stiffening Rings Local Stiffener Buckling Allowable Stress Equations For Unstiffened and Ring- Stiffened Cylinders and Cones Under Combined Loads For Combination of Uniform Axial Compression and Hoop Compression For Combination of Axial Compression Due to Bending Moment, and Hoop Compression For Combination of Hoop Compression and Shear For Combination of Uniform Axial Compression, Axial Compression Due to Bending Moment, and Shear, in the Presence of Hoop Compression, For Combination of Uniform Axial Compression, Axial Compression Due to Bending Moment, and Shear, in the Absence of Hoop Compression, Tolerances for Cylindrical and Conical Shells Shells Subjected to Uniform Axial Compression and Axial Compression Due to Bending Moment Shells Subjected to External Pressure Shells Subjected to Shear Allowable Compressive Stresses for Spherical Shells and Formed Heads, With Pressure on Convex Side Spherical Shells With Equal Biaxial Stresses With Unequal Biaxial Stresses—Both Stresses Are Compressive With Unequal Biaxial Stresses—One Stress Is Compressive and the Other Is Tensile Shear Toroidal and Ellipsoidal Heads Tolerances for Formed Heads References Further Reading 12.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Multistory Frame Structures Classification of Building Frames Rigid Frames Simple Frames (Pin-Connected Frames Bracing Systems Braced Frames vs. Unbraced Frames Sway Frames vs. Non-Sway Frames Classification of Tall Building Frames Composite Floor Systems Floor Structures in Multistory Buildings Composite Floor Systems Composite Beams and Girders Long-Span Flooring Systems Comparison of Floor Spanning Systems Floor Diaphragms Design Concepts and Structural Schemes Introduction Gravity Frames Bracing Systems Moment-Resisting Frames Tall Building Framing Systems Steel-Concrete Composite Systems Wind Effects on Buildings Introduction Characteristics of Wind Wind Induced Dynamic Forces Response Due to Along Wind Response Due to Across Wind Torsional Response Response by Wind Tunnel Tests Defining Terms 13.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Space Frame Structures Introduction to Space Frame Structures General Introduction Definition of the Space Frame Basic Concepts Advantages of Space Frames Preliminary Planning Guidelines Double Layer Grids Types and Geometry Type Choosing Method of Support Design Parameters Cambering and Slope Methods of Erection Latticed Shells Form and Layer Braced Barrel Vaults Braced Domes Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells Intersection and Combination Structural Analysis Design Loads Static Analysis Earthquake Resistance Stability Jointing Systems General Description Proprietary System Bearing Joints Defining Terms 14.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Cooling Tower Structures Introduction Components of a Natural Draft Cooling Tower Damage and Failures Geometry Loading Methods of Analysis Design and Detailing of Components Construction 15.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Transmission Structures Introduction and Application Application Structure Configuration and Material Constructibility Maintenance Considerations Structure Families State of the Art Review Loads on Transmission Structures General Calculation of Loads Using NESC Code Calculation of Loads Using the ASCE Guide Special Loads Security Loads Construction and Maintenance Loads Loads on Structure Vertical Loads Transverse Loads Longitudinal Loading Design of Steel Lattice Tower Tower Geometry Analysis and Design Methodology Allowable Stresses Connections Detailing Considerations Tower Testing Transmission Poles General Stress Analysis Tubular Steel Poles Wood Poles Concrete Poles Guyed Poles Transmission Tower Foundations Geotechnical Parameters Foundation Types---Selection and Design Anchorage Construction and Other Considerations Safety Margins for Foundation Design Foundation Movements Foundation Testing Design Examples Defining Terms Chapter15B .pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents Tunnel Structures 15B.1 Introduction What Is a Tunnel? Fundamental Approach to Underground Design Immersed and Floating Tunnels Floating Tunnels Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Trench Excavation Top-Down Construction Groundwater Impacts Bored and Mined Tunnels in Soil or Rock 15B.2 Immersed and Floating Tunnels Introduction Sizing of Tunnel Sections Principles of Design Analysis Analysis of Earthquake Effects Methods of Constructing Elements: Concrete and Steel Monolithic Elements Discrete Segments Steel Waterproofing Tunnel Joints Construction Joints Immersion Joints Seismic Joints Terminal Joints (Land Connections) Construction Aspects Protection Against Ship Traffic and Currents 15B.3 Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Introduction Structural Analysis Methods of Framing Analysis in Section: Typical Frame and BOEF Methods of Analysis Loading Finite Element Analysis Buoyancy Evaluation of Construction Impact and Mitigation 15B.4 Tunnel Linings for Bored and Mined Tunnels Introduction Mechanized Tunneling Through Soil Dry Soil Wet Soil Slurry TBM EPB-TBM Linings for Tunnels in Soil Two-Pass Lining Bored Tunnels in Rock Roadheader Sequential Excavation and Support for Rock Tunnels Selection of Lining System in a Rock Tunnel Unlined Tunnel Shotcrete Lining Unreinforced Concrete Lining Reinforced Concrete Lining Pipe in Tunnel Steel Lining Concrete Segmental Lining Structural Design of Permanent Concrete Linings in Rock Cracking of Linings Lining Loads for Design Methods of Analysis Design of Segmental Concrete Linings Design Conditions 15B.5 seismic Analysis and Design Introduction Performance Record During Earthquakes Design and Analysis Approach for Ground Shaking Effects General Evaluation of Axial and Curvature Deformations Procedure Accounting for Soil-Structure Interaction Effects Evaluation of Ovaling Deformations of Bored/Mined Circular Tunnels Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Evaluation of Racking Deformations of Rectangular Tunnels Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Loads Due to Vertical Seismic Motions Tunnel Subject to Large Displacements Shaft Structures and Interface Joints Defining Terms References Further Reading 16.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Performance-Based Seismic Design Criteria For Bridges Notations Introduction Damage to in Recent Earthquakes Criteria Performance-Based Design Criteria Background of Criteria Development Performance Requirements General Safety Evaluation Earthquake Functionality Evaluation Earthquake Objectives of Seismic Design Loads and Load Combinations Load Factors and Combinations Earthquake Load Wind Load Buoyancy and Hydrodynamic Mass Structural Materials Existing Materials New Materials Structural Steel Structural Concrete Reinforcement Determination of Demands Analysis Methods Static Linear Analysis Dynamic Response Spectrum Analysis Dynamic Time History Analysis Modeling Considerations Global, Regional, and Local Models Boundary Conditions Soil-Foundation-Structure-Interaction Section Properties of Damping Seismic Response Modification Devices Determination of Capacities Limit States and Resistance Factors Limit States Resistance Factors Effective Length of Compression Members Nominal Strength of Steel Structures Members Gusset Plate Connections Connections Splices Eyebars Anchor Bolts (Rods) and Anchorage Assemblies Rivets and Holes Bolts and Holes Prying Action Nominal Strength of Concrete Structures Nominal Moment Strength Nominal Shear Strength Structural Deformation Capacity Steel Structures Reinforced Concrete Structures Seismic Response Modification Devices General Determination of SRMDs Properties Performance Acceptance Criteria General Structural Component Classifications Steel Structures General Design Procedure Connections General Limiting Slenderness Parameters and Width-Thickness Ratios Acceptable Force D/C Ratios and Limiting Values Concrete Structures General Beam-Column (Bent Cap) Joints Seismic Response Modification Devices General Acceptance Criteria Defining Terms Acknowledgments References Further Reading Appendix A Section Properties for Latticed Members Concept Section Properties Buckling Mode Interaction For Compression Built-up members Buckling Mode Interaction Factor Limiting Effective Slenderness Ratios Analytical Equation Graphical Solution Acceptable Force D/C Ratios and Limiting Values Definition of Force Demand/Capacity (D/C) Ratios Ductility and Load-Deformation Curves Force D/C Ratios and Ductility General Limiting Values Acceptable Force D/C Ratios Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios Inelastic Analysis Considerations Stiffness Reduction Reduced Section Properties Yield Surface Equation for Doubly Symmetrical Sections 17.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Effective Length Factors of Compression Members Introduction Basic Concept Isolated Columns Framed Columns---Alignment Chart Method Alignment Chart Method Requirements for Braced Frames Simplified Equations to Alignment Charts Modifications to Alignment Charts Different Restraining Girder End Conditions Different Restraining Column End Conditions Column Restrained by Tapered Rectangular Girders Unsymmetrical Frames Effects of Axial Forces in Restraining Members in Braced Frames Consideration of Partial Column Base Fixity Inelastic K-factor Framed Columns---Alternative Methods LeMessurier Method Lui Method Remarks Unbraced Frames With Leaning Columns Rigid Columns Leaning Columns Remarks Cross Bracing Systems Latticed and Built-Up Members Laced Columns Columns with Battens Laced-Battened Columns Columns with Perforated Cover Plates Built-Up Members with Bolted and Welded Connectors Tapered Columns Crane Columns Columns in Gable Frames Summary Defining Terms 18.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Stub Girder Floor Systems Introduction Description of the Stub Girder Floor System Methods of Analysis and Modeling General Observations Preliminary Design Procedure Choice of Stub Girder Component Sizes Modeling of the Stub Girder Design Criteria For Stub Girders General Observations Governing Sections of the Stub Girder Design Checks for the Bottom Chord Design Checks for the Concrete Slab Design Checks for the Shear Transfer Regions Design of Stubs for Shear and Axial Load Design of Stud Shear Connectors Design of Welds between Stub and Bottom Chord Floor Beam Connections to Slab and Bottom Chord Connection of Bottom Chord to Supports Use of Stub Girder for Lateral Load System Deflection Checks Influence of Method of Construction Defining Terms 19.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Plate and Box Girders Introduction Stability of the Compression Flange Vertical Buckling Lateral Buckling Torsional Buckling Compression Flange of a Box Girder Web Buckling Due to In-Plane Bending Nominal Moment Strength Web Longitudinal Stiffeners for Bending Design Ultimate Shear Capacity of the Web Web Stiffeners for Shear Design Flexure-Shear Interaction Steel Plate Shear Walls In-Plane Compressive Edge Loading Eccentric Edge Loading Load-Bearing Stiffeners Web Openings Girders with Corrugated Webs Defining Terms 20.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Steel Bridge Construction Introduction Construction Engineering in Relation to Design Engineering Construction Engineering Can Be Critical Premises and Objectives of Construction Engineering Fabrication and Erection Information Shown onbreak Design Plans Erection Feasibility Illustrations of Challenges in Constructionbreak Engineering Obstacles to Effective Construction Engineering Examples of Inadequate Construction Engineering Allowances and Effort Considerations Governing Construction Engineering Practices Two General Approaches to Fabrication andbreak Erection of Bridge Steelwork Example of Arch Bridge Construction Which Construction Procedure Is To Be Preferred? Example of Suspension Bridge Cable Construction Example of Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction Field Checking at Critical Erection Stages Determination of Erection Strength Adequacy Philosophy of the Erection Rating Factor Minimum Erection Rating Factors Deficiencies of Typical Construction Procedurebreak Drawings and Instructions Shop and Field Liaison by Construction Engineers Construction Practices and Specifications---newline The Future Concluding Comments Further Illustrations 21.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Basic Principles of Shock Loading Introduction Requirements for Optimum Design Absorbing Kinetic Energy Material Properties for Optimum Design Section Properties for Optimum Design Detailing and Workmanship for Shock Loading An Example of Shock Loading Conclusions Defining Terms References Further Reading 22.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Welded Connections Introduction Joint and Weld Terminology Joint Types Weld Types Fillet Welds Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds Double-Sided Welds Groove Weld Preparations Interaction of Joint Type and Weld Type Determining Weld Size Strength of Welded Connections Variables Affecting Welded Connection Strength Determining Throat Size for Tension or Shear Loads Determining Throat Size for Compressive Loads Determining Throat Size for Bending or Torsional Loads Treating the Weld as a Line to Find Weld Size Use Allowable Strength of Weld to Find Weld Size Applying the System to Any Welded Connection Sample Calculations Using This System Weld Size for Longitudinal Welds Minimum Weld Size Heat Input and Weld Size Required Weld vs. Minimum Weld Sizes Single-Pass Minimum Sized Welds Minimum Sized Groove Welds Principles of Design Transfer of Forces Minimize Weld Volumes Recognize Steel Properties Provide Ample Access for Welding No Secondary Members in Welded Design Residual Stresses in Welding Triaxial Stresses and Ductility Flat Position Welding Welded Joint Details Selection of Fillet vs. PJP Groove Welds Weld Backing Fusible Backing Removable Backing Copper Backing Weld Tabs Weld Access Holes Lamellar Tearing Design Examples of Specific Components Flexible Seat Angles Stiffened Seat Brackets Web Framing Angles Top Plate Connections Directly Connected Beam-to-Column Connections Understanding Ductile Behavior Two Residual Stresses Isolated Residual Stresses Applied Unique Aspects of Seismically Loaded Structures Materials Base Metal Weld Metal Properties Heat-Affected Zones Connection Details Weld Backing Weld Tabs Welds and Bolts Sharing Loads Weld Access Holes Achieving Ductile Behavior in Seismic Sections System Options Ductile Hinges in Connections Workmanship Requirements Purpose of the Welding Procedure Specification Effect of Welding Variables Fit-Up Field vs. Shop Welding Inspection In-Process Visual Inspection Nondestructive Testing Applications for Nondestructive Testing Methods Post-Northridge Assessment Minor Modifications to the SMRF Connection Coverplated Designs Flange Rib Connections Top and Bottom Haunch Connections Reduced Beam Section Connections Partially Restrained Connections Defining Terms 23.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Composite Connections Introduction Connection Behavior Classification PR Composite Connections Moment-Rotation (M-$theta $) Curves Design of Composite Connections in Braced Frames Design for Unbraced Frames 24.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Fatigue and Fracture Introduction Design and Evaluation of Structures for Fatigue Classification of Structural Details for Fatigue Scale Effects in Fatigue Distortion and Multiaxial Loading Effects in Fatigue The Effective Stress Range for Variable-Amplitude Loading Low-Cycle Fatigue Due to Seismic Loading Evaluation of Structural Details for Fracture Specification of Steel and Filler Metal Fracture Mechanics Analysis Summary Defining Terms 25.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Underground Pipe Introduction External Loads Overburden Surcharge at Grade Live Loads Seismic Loads Internal Loads Internal Pressure and Vacuum Pipe and Contents Design Methods General Flexible Design Rigid Design Joints General Joint Types Hydrostatic Testing Corrosion Protection Coatings Cathodic Protection 26.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Structural Reliability Introduction Definition of Reliability Introduction to Reliability-Based Design Concepts Basic Probability Concepts Random Variables and Distributions Moments Concept of Independence Examples EXAMPLE 26.1: EXAMPLE 26.2: EXAMPLE 26.3: EXAMPLE 26.4: Approximate Analysis of Moments Statistical Estimation and Distribution Fitting Basic Reliability Problem Basic Problem More Complicated Limit State Functions Reducible to Form Examples EXAMPLE 26.5: EXAMPLE 26.6: EXAMPLE 26.7: EXAMPLE 26.8: Generalized Reliability Problem Introduction Techniques Monte Carlo Simulation System Reliability Introduction Basic Systems Introduction to Classical System Reliability Theory Redundant Systems Examples Reliability-Based Design (Codes) Introduction and Selection of Target Reliabilities Material Properties and Design Values Design Loads and Load Combinations Evaluation of Load and Resistance Factors Defining Terms Acknowledgments References Further Reading Appendix 27.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control Introduction Basic Principles and Methods of Analysis Single-Degree-of-Freedom Structural Systems Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Structural Systems Energy Formulations Energy-Based Design Recent Development and Applications Passive Energy Dissipation Active Control Code Development Concluding Remarks 28.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf An Innnovative Design For Steel Frame Using Advanced Analysisfootnotemark Introduction Practical Advanced Analysis Second-Order Refined Plastic Hinge Analysis Analysis of Semi-Rigid Frames Geometric Imperfection Methods Numerical Implementation Verifications Axially Loaded Columns Portal Frame Six-Story Frame Semi-Rigid Frame Analysis and Design Principles Design Format Loads Load Combinations Resistance Factors Section Application Modeling of Structural Members Modeling of Geometric Imperfection Load Application Analysis Load-Carrying Capacity Serviceability Limits Ductility Requirements Adjustment of Member Sizes Computer Program Program Overview Hardware Requirements Execution of Program Users' Manual Design Examples Roof Truss Unbraced Eight-Story Frame Two-Story Four-Bay Semi-Rigid Frame Defining Terms 29.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf Welded Tubular Connections---CHS Trusses Introduction Architecture Characteristics of Tubular Connections Nomenclature Failure Modes Local Failure General Collapse Unzipping or Progressive Failure Materials Problems Fatigue Reserve Strength Empirical Formulations Design Charts Joint Efficiency Derating Factor Application Summary and Conclusions Chapter 30a.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook Contents file://toc.pdf#page=2 Earthquake Damage to Structures 30.1 Introduction Earthquakes Structural Damage 30.2 Damage as a Result of Problem Soils Liquefaction Landslides Weak Clay 30.3 Damage as a Result of Structural Problems Foundation Failure Foundation Connections Soft Story Torsional Moments Shear Flexural Failure Connection Problems file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=2 Problem Structures file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=5 30.4 Secondary Causes of Structural Damage file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=7 Surface Faulting file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=7 Damage Caused by Nearby Structures and Lifelines file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=8 30.5 Recent Improvements in Earthquake Performance file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=10 Soil Remediation Procedures file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=10 Gravel Drains: Ariake Quay-Wall Improvement Project file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=10 Deep Mixing Method: Kawaguchi City Embankment Project file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=11 Sand Compaction Pile Method: Ohgishima Island Tokyo Gas LNG Tank Project file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=12 Improving Slope Stability and Preventing Landslides file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=12 Soil-Structure Interaction to Improve Earthquake Response file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=14 Structural Elements that Prevent Damage and Improve Dynamic Response file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=15 Defining Terms file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=24 References file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=25 Further Reading file://Chapter 30b.pdf#page=26Chapter 30b.pdf Structural Engineering Handbook file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=2 Contents file://toc.pdf Earthquake Damage to Structures file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=2 30.1 Introduction file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=2 Earthquakes file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=2 Structural Damage file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=4 30.2 Damage as a Result of Problem Soils file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=5 Liquefaction file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=5 Landslides file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=10 Weak Clay 30.3 Damage as a Result of Structural Problems file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=22 Foundation Failure file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=22 Foundation Connections file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=24 Soft Story file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=25 Torsional Moments file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=26 Shear file://Chapter 30a.pdf#page=31 Flexural Failure Connection Problems Problem Structures 30.4 Secondary Causes of Structural Damage Surface Faulting Damage Caused by Nearby Structures and Lifelines 30.5 Recent Improvements in Earthquake Performance Soil Remediation Procedures Gravel Drains: Ariake Quay-Wall Improvement Project Deep Mixing Method: Kawaguchi City Embankment Project Sand Compaction Pile Method: Ohgishima Island Tokyo Gas LNG Tank Project Improving Slope Stability and Preventing Landslides Soil-Structure Interaction to Improve Earthquake Response Structural Elements that Prevent Damage and Improve Dynamic Response Defining Terms References Further Reading
