Structural Analysis

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND LOADS......Page 16
1 Introduction to Structural Analysis......Page 18
1.1 Historical Background......Page 19
1.2 Role of Structural Analysis in Structural Engineering Projects......Page 21
1.3 Classification of Structures......Page 22
1.4 Analytical Models......Page 27
Summary......Page 31
2 Loads on Structures......Page 32
2.1 Dead Loads......Page 33
2.2 Live Loads......Page 36
2.4 Wind Loads......Page 39
2.5 Snow Loads......Page 47
2.6 Earthquake Loads......Page 50
2.9 Load Combinations......Page 52
Summary......Page 53
Problems......Page 54
PART TWO: ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURES......Page 56
3.1 Equilibrium of Structures......Page 58
3.2 External and Internal Forces......Page 61
3.4 Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability......Page 62
3.5 Computation of Reactions......Page 75
3.6 Principle of Superposition......Page 93
3.7 Reactions of Simply Supported Structures Using Proportions......Page 94
Summary......Page 95
Problems......Page 97
4 Plane and Space Trusses......Page 104
4.1 Assumptions for Analysis of Trusses......Page 106
4.2 Arrangement of Members of Plane Trusses—Internal Stability......Page 110
4.4 Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy, and Instability of Plane Trusses......Page 115
4.5 Analysis of Plane Trusses by the Method of Joints......Page 121
4.6 Analysis of Plane Trusses by the Method of Sections......Page 136
4.7 Analysis of Compound Trusses......Page 143
4.8 Complex Trusses......Page 148
4.9 Space Trusses......Page 149
Summary......Page 159
Problems......Page 160
5 Beams and Frames: Shear and Bending Moment......Page 175
5.1 Axial Force, Shear, and Bending Moment......Page 176
5.2 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams......Page 182
5.3 Qualitative Deflected Shapes......Page 187
5.4 Relationships between Loads, Shears, and Bending Moments......Page 188
5.5 Static Determinacy, Indeterminacy and Instability of Plane Frames......Page 210
5.6 Analysis of Plane Frames......Page 216
Summary......Page 230
Problems......Page 232
6 Deflections of Beams: Geometric Methods......Page 241
6.1 Differential Equation for Beam Deflection......Page 242
6.2 Direct Integration Method......Page 245
6.3 Superposition Method......Page 248
6.4 Moment-Area Method......Page 249
6.5 Bending Moment Diagrams by Parts......Page 263
6.6 Conjugate-Beam Method......Page 268
Problems......Page 284
7 Deflections of Trusses, Beams, and Frames: Work–Energy Methods......Page 290
7.1 Work......Page 291
7.2 Principle of Virtual Work......Page 293
7.3 Deflections of Trusses by the Virtual Work Method......Page 297
7.4 Deflections of Beams by the Virtual Work Method......Page 308
7.5 Deflections of Frames by the Virtual Work Method......Page 316
7.6 Conservation of Energy and Strain Energy......Page 327
7.7 Castigliano’s Second Theorem......Page 331
7.8 Betti’s Law and Maxwell’s Law of Reciprocal Deflections......Page 340
Summary......Page 341
Problems......Page 343
8 Influence Lines......Page 352
8.1 Influence Lines for Beams and Frames by Equilibrium Method......Page 353
8.2 Müeller-Breslau’s Principle and Qualitative Influence Lines......Page 368
8.3 Influence Lines for Girders with Floor Systems......Page 382
8.4 Influence Lines for Trusses......Page 392
8.5 Influence Lines for Deflections......Page 404
Summary......Page 407
Problems......Page 408
9.1 Response at a Particular Location Due to a Single Moving Concentrated Load......Page 416
9.2 Response at a Particular Location Due to a Uniformly Distributed Live Load......Page 418
9.3 Response at a Particular Location Due to a Series of Moving Concentrated Loads......Page 423
9.4 Absolute Maximum Response......Page 430
Summary......Page 436
Problems......Page 437
10 Analysis of Symmetric Structures......Page 440
10.1 Symmetric Structures......Page 441
10.2 Symmetric and Antisymmetric Components of Loadings......Page 447
10.3 Behavior of Symmetric Structures under Symmetric and Antisymmetric Loadings......Page 458
10.4 Procedure for Analysis of Symmetric Structures......Page 462
Summary......Page 470
Problems......Page 471
PART THREE: ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES......Page 474
11 Introduction to Statically Indeterminate Structures......Page 476
11.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Indeterminate Structures......Page 477
11.2 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures......Page 480
Summary......Page 485
12 Approximate Analysis of Rectangular Building Frames......Page 486
12.1 Assumptions for Approximate Analysis......Page 487
12.2 Analysis for Vertical Loads......Page 490
12.3 Analysis for Lateral Loads—Portal Method......Page 496
12.4 Analysis for Lateral Loads—Cantilever Method......Page 512
Summary......Page 519
Problems......Page 520
13 Method of Consistent Deformations—Force Method......Page 523
13.1 Structures with Single Degree of Indeterminacy......Page 524
13.2 Internal Forces and Moments as Redundants......Page 546
13.3 Structures with Multiple Degrees of Indeterminacy......Page 559
13.4 Support Settlements, Temperature Changes and Fabrication Errors......Page 583
Summary......Page 592
Problems......Page 593
14 Three-Moment Equation and the Method of Least Work......Page 601
14.1 Derivation of Three-Moment Equation......Page 602
14.2 Application of Three-Moment Equation......Page 607
14.3 Method of Least Work......Page 614
Summary......Page 621
Problems......Page 622
15 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Structures......Page 624
15.1 Influence Lines for Beams and Trusses......Page 625
15.2 Qualitative Influence Lines by Müller-Breslau’s Principle......Page 642
Summary......Page 646
Problems......Page 647
16 Slope-Deflection Method......Page 650
16.1 Slope-Deflection Equations......Page 651
16.2 Basic Concept of the Slope-Deflection Method......Page 659
16.3 Analysis of Continuous Beams......Page 666
16.4 Analysis of Frames without Sidesway......Page 688
16.5 Analysis of Frames with Sidesway......Page 696
Problems......Page 717
17 Moment-Distribution Method......Page 722
17.1 Definitions and Terminology......Page 723
17.2 Basic Concept of the Moment-Distribution Method......Page 732
17.3 Analysis of Continuous Beams......Page 740
17.4 Analysis of Frames without Sidesway......Page 756
17.5 Analysis of Frames with Sidesway......Page 759
Summary......Page 776
Problems......Page 777
18 Introduction to Matrix Structural Analysis......Page 782
18.1 Analytical Model......Page 783
18.2 Member Stiffness Relations in Local Coordinates......Page 787
18.3 Coordinate Transformations......Page 795
18.4 Member Stiffness Relations in Global Coordinates......Page 801
18.5 Structure Stiffness Relations......Page 802
18.6 Procedure for Analysis......Page 810
Summary......Page 828
Problems......Page 829
Appendix A: Areas and Centroids of Geometric Shapes......Page 832
B.1 Definition of a Matrix......Page 836
B.2 Types of Matrices......Page 837
B.3 Matrix Operations......Page 839
B.4 Solution of Simultaneous Equations by the Gauss-Jordan Method......Page 846
Problems......Page 850
Inputting Data......Page 852
Results of the Analysis......Page 859
Problems......Page 864
Bibliography......Page 866
Answers to Selected Problems......Page 868
Index......Page 878