Stormtroopers: A New History of Hitler's Brownshirts

Cover page
Halftitle page
Title page
Copyright page
Epigraph page
CONTENTS
PLATES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION A Night of Violence
	Borderland Mentalities
	Ruffians, Killers, Political Hooligans
	New Perspectives
	Two Sides of Violence
	The Line of Argumentation
Figures
PART I
	1 TURMOIL IN POST-WAR GERMANY AND THE ORIGINS OF THE NAZI SA
		Fighting for Order
		Establishing the Stormtroopers
		A Public Nuisance
		The Crucial Year of 1923
		The Aftermath of the Putsch
	2 STORMTROOPER STREET POLITICS Mobilization in Times of Crisis
		Early Reforms
		From Splinter Group to Mass Movement
		The Nazi Uniform and the Authorities
		Laughing at the Stormtroopers
		The Escalation of Violence
		Unemployment and Social Unrest in the SA
		Brownshirts in the Countryside
		The Danger of Stormtrooper Violence
	3 THE BROWN CULT OF YOUTH AND VIOLENCE IN THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC
		Militant Masculinity
		Female Nazi Activism
		Satisfying Emotional Needs
		Stormtrooper Merchandising
		Smoking Politics
		Modern Crusaders
		Relations with the Reichswehr
PART II
	4 TERROR, EXCITEMENT, AND FRUSTRATION
		Mixed Feelings and New Opportunities
		Hunting and Humiliating the Enemy
		Reactions
		Above the Law
		The Integration of the Stahlhelmers
		The Nazification of German Academia
		Sacking the State
		Consolidation and Discontent
	5 THE ‘RÖHM PURGE’ AND THE MYTH OF THE HOMOSEXUAL NAZI
		Showdown
		‘Reich Murder Week’
		The Myth of the Homosexual Nazi Activist
		Consequences
PART III
	6 THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SA BETWEEN 1934 AND 1939
		Searching for New Tasks
		Defining the Limits of Volksgemeinschaft: Antisemitic Violence
		Penetrating German Society
		The Austrian Legion
		Activities in the Sudeten and Memel Territories
		The Rise of the Periphery
	7 STREETFIGHTERS INTO FARMERS? The SA and the ‘Germanization’ of the European East
		Early Settlement Initiatives
		Siegfried Kasche and the SA’s Intensified Settlement Plans
		Peasants and Ideologues
		Contributing to the Formation of a ‘People’s Community’ in Eastern Europe
	8 STORMTROOPERS IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR
		The SA and the Wehrmacht
		The Beginning of the War
		The SA- Standarte Feldherrnhalle
		Communist Propaganda
		Auxiliary Police in the General Government, the Protectorate, and in Slovenia
		On the Home Front
		To the Last Man
		Confronting Defeat
		Everyday Fanaticism
	9 SA DIPLOMATS AND THE HOLOCAUST IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
		Stormtroopers in the Foreign Office
		Fighting behind the Scenes
		Organizing the Holocaust in Slovakia
		Deadly Varieties of a Pattern
		The Impact of the SA Diplomats
		The Struggle for Reputation
PART IV
	10 ‘NOT GUILTY’ The Legacy of the SA in Germany after the Second World War
		The SA at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg
		Stormtroopers as Misguided Idealists
		Mutilated Stories
		Politics of Remembrance
CONCLUSION Stormtroopers and National Socialism
NOTES
INDEX