Steps to Writing Well with APA 7e Updates

Detailed Contents
List of Artworks
List of Advertisements
To the Teacher
To the Student
Part 1: The Basics of the Short Essay
	Chapter 1: Prewriting
		Getting Started (or Soup-can Labels Can Be Fascinating)
		Visualizing the Process: Prewriting
		Selecting A Subject
		Finding Your Essay’s Purpose and Focus
		Pump-Primer Techniques
		After You’ve Found Your Focus
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Discovering Your Audience
		How to Identify Your Readers
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Keeping A Journal (Talking to Yourself Does Help)
		Chapter 1 Summary
	Chapter 2: The Thesis Statement
		What Is A Thesis? What Does A “Working Thesis” Do?
		Visualizing the Process: Thesis Statements
		Can a “Working Thesis” Change?
		Guidelines For Writing A Good Thesis
		Avoiding Common Errors in Thesis Statements
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Using the Essay Map
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Chapter 2 Summary
	Chapter 3: The Body Paragraphs
		Planning the Body of Your Essay
		Visualizing the Process: Body Paragraphs
		Composing the Body Paragraphs
		The Topic Sentence
			Focusing Your Topic Sentence
			Placing Your Topic Sentence
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Paragraph Development
		Paragraph Length
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Paragraph Unity
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Paragraph Coherence
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Paragraph Sequence
			Transitions between Paragraphs
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Chapter 3 Summary
	Chapter 4: Beginnings and Endings
		How to Write A Good Lead-In
		Visualizing the Process: Introductions and Conclusions
		Avoiding Errors in Lead-Ins
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		How to Write A Good Concluding Paragraph
		Avoiding Errors in Conclusions
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		How to Write A Good Title
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Chapter 4 Summary
	Chapter 5: Drafting and Revising: Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking
		What Is Revision?
		Visualizing the Process: Drafting and Revising
		When Does Revision Occur?
		Myths about Revision
		Can I Learn to Improve My Revision Skills?
		Preparing to Draft
			Some Basic Tips for Drafting
			Some Hints When Drafting on a Computer
			Some Hints When Handwriting a Draft
		Writing Centers, Computer Classrooms, and Electronic Networks
		Procrastination: Enemy of Critical Thinking, Thief of Time
		A Revision Process For Your Drafts
			I. Revising for Purpose, Thesis, and Audience
			II. Revising for Ideas and Evidence
				What Is Critical Thinking?
				Thinking Critically as a Writer
				A Special Note: Critical Thinking and Visual Literacy
			III. Revising for Organization
			IV. Revising for Clarity and Style
			V. Editing for Errors
			VI. Proofreading
		A Final Checklist For Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay
			Draft Essay
			Revised Essay: \"The Fear No One Talks About\"
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Collaborative Activities: Group Work, Peer Revision Workshops, and Team Projects
		Benefiting From Collaborative Activities
			Guidelines for Peer Revision Workshops
			Guidelines for Small-Group Work
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Some Last Advice: How to Play With Your Mental Blocks
		Chapter 5 Summary
	Chapter 6: Effective Sentences
		Visualizing the Process: Editing Sentences
		Developing A Clear Style
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Developing A Concise Style
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Developing An Engaging Style
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Developing An Emphatic Style
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Chapter 6 Summary
	Chapter 7: Word Logic
		Selecting the Correct Words
			Accuracy: Confused Words
		Visualizing the Process: Editing Words
			Accuracy: Idiomatic Phrases
			Levels of Language
			Tone
			Denotation and Connotation
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Selecting the Best Words
			Vague Verbs
			Vague Nouns
			Vague Modifiers
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Applying What You’ve Learned to Your Writing
		Chapter 7 Summary
	Chapter 8: The Reading–Writing Connection
		How Can Reading Well Help Me Become A Better Writer?
		How Can I Become An Analytical Reader?
			Steps to Reading Well
		Sample Annotated Essay: \"College for Grown-Ups\" by Mitchell L. Stevens
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		How Can I Read Multimodal Texts Analytically?
			Steps to Reading Multimodal Texts Well
		Sample Annotated Advertisement
		Writing A Summary
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Benefiting From Class Discussions
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Chapter 8 Summary
	Part One Summary: The Basics of the Short Essay
Part 2: Purposes, Modes, and Strategies
	Chapter 9: Development By Example
		Why and How to Use Examples in Your Writing
		Visualizing the Process: Exemplification
		Developing Your Essay
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"If You Want to Get to Know a New Place, Go For a Run\"
		Professional Essay: \"So What\'s So Bad about Being So-So?\" by Lisa Wilson Strick
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 10: Process Analysis
		Types of Process Analysis Essays
		Visualizing the Process: Process Analysis
		Developing Your Essay
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"An Experiment in Spending Less\"
		Professional Essays: \"To Bid the World Farewell\" by Jessica Mitford
		Professional Essays (Directional Process): \"Preparing for the Job Interview: Know Thyself\" by Katy Piotrowski
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 11: Comparison and Contrast
		Developing Your Essay
		Visualizing the Process: Comparison and Contrast
			Pattern One: Point-by-Point
			Pattern Two: The Block
			Which Pattern Should You Use?
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay (The Point-by-Point Pattern): \"When It\'s Time to Study, Get Out of Your Pajamas\"
		Sample Student Essay (The Block Pattern): \"More Than Just the Crust: New York- and Chicago-Style Pizza\"
		Professional Essays (The Point-by-Point Pattern): \"Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts\" by Bruce Catton
		Professional Essay (The Block Pattern): \"Two Ways of Viewing the River\" by Samuel Clemens
		A Revision Worksheet
		A Special Kind of Comparison: The Analogy
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 12: Definition
		Visualizing the Process: Definition
		Why Do We Define?
		Developing Your Essay
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"Blind Paces\"
		Professional Essay: \"The Munchausen Mystery\" by Don R. Lipsitt
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 13: Division and Classification
		Division
		Classification
		Visualizing the Process: Division and Classification
		Developing Your Essay
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"The Native American Era at Mesa Verde\"
		Professional Essay (Classification): \"The Plot Against People\" by Russell Baker
		Professional Essay (Division): \"What Is REALLY in a Hot Dog?\"
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 14: Causal Analysis
		Visualizing the Process: Causal Analysis
		Developing Your Essay
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"It\'s Simply Not Worth It\"
		Professional Essay: \"Why Are Young People Ditching Cars for Smartphones?\" by Jordan Weissmann
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 15: Argumentation
		Developing Your Essay
		Visualizing the Process: Argumentation
			Problems to Avoid
			Common Logical Fallacies
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"Better Information Equals Healthier Eating\"
		Professional Essays (Paired): Mandatory Voting Won’t Cure Dismal Turnout\" by The Editorial Board of USA Today
		Professional Essays (Paired): \"Required Voting Yields Benefits\" by Thomas E. Mann
		Analyzing Advertisements
			Divergent Viewpoints: Gun Ownership in America
			Competing Products: Sources of Energy
			Popular Appeals: Spending Our Money
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 16: Description
		How to Write Effective Description
		Visualizing the Process: Description
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment: \"Birthday\" by Marc Chagall
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"Treeclimbing\"
		Professional Essay: \"Pretty Girl\" by Rick Bragg
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 17: Narration
		Writing the Effective Narrative Essay
		Visualizing the Process: Narration
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned: \"Tornado Over Kansas\" by John Steuart Curry
			Essay Topics
			A Topic Proposal for Your Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"Never Underestimate the Little Things\"
		Professional Essay: \"Don’t Mess With Auntie Jean\" by Jada F. Smith
		A Revision Worksheet
		Using Strategies and Sources
	Chapter 18: Writing Essays Using Multiple Strategies
		Choosing the Best Strategies
		Problems to Avoid
		Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Sample Student Essay: \"Pass the Broccoli—Please!\"
		Professional Essay: \"Why Parents Need to Let Their Children Fail\" by Jessica Lahey
		A Revision Worksheet
Part 3: Special Assignments
	Chapter 19: Conducting Research and Using Sources
		Focusing Your Topic
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Beginning Your Library Research
			General Reference Works
			Library Catalogs
			Databases
			Special Collections
		Beginning Your Online Research
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Conducting Primary Research
			The Personal Interview
			Questionnaire
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Preparing A Working Bibliography
		Choosing and Evaluating Your Sources
		Preparing An Annotated Bibliography
		Taking Notes
			Distinguishing Paraphrase from Summary
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Incorporating Your Source Material
		Avoiding Plagiarism
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
	Chapter 20: Documenting Sources
		MLA Style
			MLA Citations in Your Essay
			Compiling a Works Cited List: MLA Style
			Guidelines to MLA Style
			The Core Elements
				Optional Elements
			Containers within Containers
				Citations Beyond the Research Paper
				Practice Template for MLA Entries
			Sample Works Cited Entries: MLA Style
				Index of MLA Works Cited Entries
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
		APA Style
			APA Citations in Your Essay
			Compiling a Reference List: APA Style
			Sample Reference List Entries: APA Style
				Index of APA Reference List Entries
			Electronic Sources: APA Style
		Footnote and Bibliography Form
		Using Supplementary Notes
			Sample Notes Page Using MLA Style
		Sample Student Essay Using MLA Style: \"Pervasive Computing and Privacy Rights: Who Owns Your Emotions?\"
		Sample Student Essay Using APA Style: \"Pervasive Computing and Privacy Rights: Who Owns Your Emotions?\"
	Chapter 21: Classroom Writing: Exams, Timed Essays, and Presentations
		Steps to Writing Well Under Pressure
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Writing the Summary-and-Response Essay
		Sample Student Essay: \"Summary-and-Response Essay on \'College for Grown-Ups\' \"
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Writing For Classroom Presentations
			Steps to Successful Presentations
			Guidelines for Effective Delivery
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
	Chapter 22: Writing about Literature
		Using Literature in the Composition Classroom
		Suggestions For Close Reading of Literature
		Steps to Reading A Story
		Annotated Story: \"The Story of an Hour\" by Kate Chopin
		Sample Student Essay: \"A Breath of Fresh Air\"
		Steps to Reading A Poem
		Annotated Poem: \"When I Heard the Learn\'d Astronomer\" by Walt Whitman
		Sample Student Essay: \"Two Ways of Knowing\"
		General Guidelines For Writing about Literature
			Problems to Avoid
			Practicing What You’ve Learned (Story): \"Geraldo No Last Name\" by Sandra Cisneros
			Practicing What You’ve Learned (Poem): \"Those Winter Sundays\" by Robert Hayden; \"The Road Not Taken\" by Robert Frost
		Suggestions For Writing
	Chapter 23: Writing in the World of Work
		Composing Business Letters
			Traditional Business Letter Format
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Sample Business Letter
		Creating Memos
		Sending Professional E-mail
			Problems to Avoid
		Writing Cover Letters and Designing Résumés
			Effective Cover Letters
			Effective Résumés
			Problems to Avoid
		Sample Résumés
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
		Preparing Interview Notes and Post-Interview Letters
Part 4: A Concise Handbook
	Parts of Speech
	Sentence Components and Classifications
	Chapter 24: Major Errors in Grammar
		Assessing Your Skills: Grammar (self-scored diagnostic test)
		Errors With Verbs
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Errors With Nouns
		Errors With Pronouns
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Errors With Adverbs and Adjectives
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Errors in Modifying Phrases
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Errors in Sentences
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Assignment
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Answers to the Grammar Assessment
	Chapter 25: A Concise Guide to Punctuation
		Assessing Your Skills: Punctuation (self-scored diagnostic test)
		Punctuation Guidelines
			The Period (.)
			The Question Mark (?)
			The Exclamation Point (!)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			The Comma (,)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			The Semicolon (;)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			The Colon (:)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			The Apostrophe (‘)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
				Assignment
			Quotation Marks (“ “ and ‘ ‘)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Parentheses ( )
			Brackets [ ]
			The Dash (—)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			The Hyphen (-)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Italics (Ital) and Underlining (Und)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Ellipsis Points ( . . . or . . . . )
			The Slash (/)
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
		Answers to the Punctuation Assessment
	Chapter 26: A Concise Guide to Mechanics
		Assessing Your Skills: Mechanics (self-scored diagnostic test)
			Capitalization
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
			Abbreviations
			Numbers
				Practicing What You’ve Learned
				Assignment
			Spelling
		Answers to the Mechanics Assessment
Credits
Index