Step-Up to Emergency Medicine

STEP-UP to EMERGENCY MEDICINE......Page 1
TITLE PAGE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT PAGE......Page 4
DEDICATION......Page 5
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS AND EDITORS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 9
I. DISCUSSION......Page 15
II. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT......Page 16
III. AIRWAY......Page 17
IV. BREATHING (VENTILATION)......Page 23
V. CIRCULATION......Page 25
VI. SPECIFIC RESUSCITATION SITUATIONS......Page 30
I. CHEST PAIN......Page 39
II. MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIC DISEASE......Page 42
III. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE AND PULMONARY EDEMA......Page 52
IV. RHYTHM DISTURBANCES......Page 56
V. HYPERTENSION......Page 63
VI. SYNCOPE......Page 66
VII. VALVULAR DISEASE......Page 69
VIII. PERICARDIAL DISEASE......Page 75
IX. PRIMARY MYOCARDIAL DISEASES......Page 80
X. INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS......Page 85
XI. VASCULAR DISEASE......Page 88
I. ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE......Page 98
II. ASTHMA......Page 100
III. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE......Page 102
IV. NONCARDIOGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA......Page 104
V. HEMOPTYSIS......Page 105
VI. PULMONARY EMBOLISM......Page 107
VII. PLEURAL EFFUSION......Page 111
VIII. PNEUMONIA......Page 113
IX. MYCOBACTERIAL PULMONARY DISEASE......Page 116
X. PNEUMOTHORAX......Page 118
I. ABDOMINAL PAIN......Page 121
II. ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS......Page 125
III. GASTROINTESTINAL FOREIGN BODIES......Page 129
IV. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE......Page 130
V. GASTROENTERITIS OF INFECTIOUS ORIGIN......Page 132
VI. INTESTINAL DISORDERS......Page 134
VII. ANORECTAL DISORDERS......Page 139
VIII. HEPATITIS, PANCREATITIS, CHOLECYSTITIS, AND APPENDICITIS......Page 141
IX. HERNIA......Page 146
X. VASCULAR DISORDERS......Page 148
I. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs)......Page 150
II. NEPHROLITHIASIS......Page 152
III. URINARY RETENTION......Page 154
IV. RENAL FAILURE......Page 155
V. GENITAL LESIONS (TABLE 5-3)......Page 157
VI. MALE UROGENITAL PROBLEMS......Page 160
I. SEPSIS......Page 167
II. AIDS......Page 170
III. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS......Page 175
IV. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (OTHER THAN AIDS)......Page 180
V. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS......Page 183
VI. SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS......Page 188
VII. BONE INFECTIONS (OSTEOMYELITIS)......Page 191
VIII. OTHER INFECTIONS......Page 192
I. SODIUM IMBALANCE......Page 198
II. POTASSIUM IMBALANCE......Page 200
III. CALCIUM IMBALANCE......Page 203
IV. MAGNESIUM IMBALANCE......Page 205
V. ACID–BASE IMBALANCE......Page 206
I. HYPOGLYCEMIA......Page 210
II. DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS......Page 211
III. NONKETOTIC HYPEROSMOLAR COMA......Page 212
IV. ALCOHOLIC KETOACIDOSIS......Page 213
V. LACTIC ACIDOSIS......Page 214
VI. THYROID DISORDERS......Page 215
VII. ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND ADRENAL CRISIS......Page 218
I. ALTERED MENTAL STATUS AND COMA......Page 220
II. HEADACHE......Page 225
III. CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT......Page 230
IV. VERTIGO......Page 235
V. SEIZURES......Page 236
VI. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES......Page 239
VII. MUSCLE DISORDERS......Page 240
VIII. NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME......Page 242
I. ANAPHYLAXIS......Page 244
II. URTICARIA AND ANGIOEDEMA......Page 247
III. NECK PAIN......Page 250
IV. THORACIC AND LUMBAR BACK PAIN......Page 254
V. MONARTICULAR ARTHRITIS......Page 258
VI. POLYARTICULAR ARTHRITIS......Page 263
I. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH DERMATOLOGIC LESIONS......Page 268
II. DISORDERS CHARACTERIZED BY VESICULAR LESIONS......Page 269
III. DISORDERS CHARACTERIZED BY VESICULOBULLOUS LESIONS......Page 270
IV. DISORDERS CHARACTERIZED BY PAPULOSQUAMOUS ERUPTIONS......Page 273
V. DERMATITIS......Page 275
VI. ERYTHEMA NODOSUM......Page 276
VII. FUNGAL SKIN INFECTIONS......Page 277
VIII. PARASITIC SKIN INFECTIONS......Page 279
IX. VIRAL EXANTHEMS......Page 280
X. BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS......Page 282
XI. LIFE-THREATENING DERMATOSES......Page 284
I. EYE......Page 286
II. EAR......Page 302
III. NOSE......Page 306
IV. THROAT......Page 311
V. TEETH, MAXILLA, AND MANDIBLE......Page 314
I. ORGANIC BRAIN DISORDERS AND PSYCHOSIS......Page 320
II. ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA NERVOSA......Page 321
III. ANXIETY DISORDERS AND PANIC ATTACKS......Page 322
IV. CONVERSION REACTIONS......Page 323
V. DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE......Page 324
I. PELVIC PAIN......Page 326
II. ECTOPIC PREGNANCY......Page 328
III. VAGINAL BLEEDING DURING PREGNANCY......Page 331
IV. HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY......Page 335
V. COMPLICATIONS OF PARTURITION......Page 337
VI. VAGINITIS, CERVICITIS, AND PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE......Page 340
VII. ABNORMAL VAGINAL BLEEDING IN NONPREGNANT PATIENTS......Page 343
I. APPROACH TO THE ILL PEDIATRIC PATIENT......Page 345
II. PAIN......Page 349
III. SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME......Page 351
IV. FOREIGN BODIES......Page 353
V. RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS......Page 356
VI. OTITIS MEDIA......Page 366
VII. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE......Page 368
VIII. KAWASAKI DISEASE......Page 371
IX. BACTEREMIA, MENINGITIS, AND SEPSIS......Page 373
X. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS......Page 375
XI. SEIZURES......Page 387
XII. CHILD ABUSE......Page 390
I. APPROACH TO THE BLEEDING PATIENT......Page 393
II. HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES......Page 397
III. ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES......Page 410
III. TRAUMATIC SHOCK......Page 415
IV. HEAD INJURIES......Page 416
V. SPINAL INJURIES......Page 418
VI. PENETRATING AND BLUNT NECK TRAUMA......Page 419
VII. THORACIC TRAUMA......Page 420
VIII. ABDOMINAL TRAUMA......Page 422
IX. PELVIC TRAUMA......Page 423
X. GENITOURINARY TRAUMA......Page 424
XI. PEDIATRIC TRAUMA (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 15)......Page 427
XII. TRAUMA IN PREGNANCY......Page 428
XIII. BURNS......Page 430
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 433
II. HAND AND WRIST INJURIES......Page 439
III. FOREARM, ELBOW, UPPER ARM, AND SHOULDER INJURIES......Page 443
V. KNEE INJURIES......Page 445
VI. LOWER LEG, ANKLE, AND FOOT INJURIES......Page 446
VII. COMPLICATIONS OF ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES......Page 447
II. EVALUATION OF WOUNDS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT......Page 448
III. WOUND CARE......Page 449
IV. WOUND CLOSURE......Page 453
V. CARE OF SPECIFIC WOUND TYPES......Page 455
VI. FOLLOW-UP CARE......Page 456
I. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT......Page 458
II. OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS......Page 461
III. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS......Page 465
IV. DRUGS OF ABUSE......Page 473
V. ALCOHOLS......Page 476
VI. CARBON MONOXIDE......Page 479
VII. ANTICHOLINERGICS......Page 480
VIII. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS......Page 481
II. COLD-RELATED ILLNESS AND INJURY......Page 484
III. HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS......Page 492
IV. INHALATION INJURIES......Page 496
V. VENOMOUS SNAKEBITES......Page 498
VI. INSECT AND ARACHNID BITES AND STINGS......Page 500
II. INFORMED CONSENT......Page 505
IV. INVOLUNTARY HOLDS......Page 507
V. PATIENT TRANSFER LAWS......Page 509
INDEX......Page 511