Stem cells : from biology to therapy

Content: Stem Cells
 Contents
 Preface
 Part I Basic Biology
 1 Epigenetic Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells
 1 Introduction
 2 DNA Methylation
 3 Histone Modifications and Histone Variants
 4 Higher-Order Structure of Chromatin
 5 X-Chromosome Inactivation
 6 Regulation of ESC Pluripotency and Differentiation by miRNAs
 7 Telomere Function and Genomic Stability in ESCs
 8 Imprinting and ESC Stability
 9 Epigenetic Interconversion among Mouse ESCs, EpiSCs, andHumanESCs
 10 Summary
 References
 2 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
 1 Introduction
 1.1 What Is Nuclear Reprogramming? 1.2 Knowledge Obtained Using ES Cells1.3 The Blind Side of ES Cells
 2 iPSCs
 2.1 Discovery of the Reprogramming Factors
 2.2 The Sources of iPS Cells
 2.3 The Generation of iPSCs
 3 Application of iPS Cells
 3.1 iPS Cells as Disease Models
 3.2 iPSCs for Regenerative Medicine
 4 Conclusions
 Acknowledgments
 References
 3 Naturally Occurring Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells
 1 Introduction
 2 What Are Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells?
 3 What Are Progenitor Cells?
 4 Isolation and Characterization of Pluripotent Stem Cells. 5 Differences Between Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells and Naturally Occurring Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells 696 Locations of Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells
 7 Normal Functions of Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells
 8 Obtaining Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells
 9 The Use of Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine
 10 Proposed Uses for Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells
 Acknowledgments
 References
 4 Spermatogonial stem cell (SSCs) system
 Abbreviations
 1 Introduction
 2 Understanding Stem Cell Genes
 2.1 Techniques for Identifying the Anatomy of the Stem Cell. 3 The Mammalian Spermatogonial Stem Cell4 Crucial Signaling Pathways in Regulating the Fate of SS Cells
 4.1 Src Signaling Pathway
 4.2 Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt Pathway
 4.3 Ras/Erk1/2 Signaling Pathway
 4.4 Smad Signaling Pathway
 5 MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Spermatogenesis
 6 Isolation, Characterization, and Culture of Mouse and Human Spermatogonia 106
 6.1 Isolation and Characterization of Rodent Spermatogonia
 6.1.1 C-kit in Immature Testis
 6.1.2 C-kit and GFR[alpha]-1 in Adult Testis
 6.1.3 Other Studies and Markers for Mouse SS Cells. 6.1.4 Isolation and Characterization of Adult Mouse SS Cells and Aging6.2 Isolation and Characterization of Human Spermatogonia
 6.2.1 GPR125
 6.2.2 Other Human Spermatogonial Markers
 7 The Significance of SS Cells Outside Their Niche: The Emergence of the Pluripotent Adult Stem Cell
 8 Concluding Remarks: Summary of the Significance of SS Cells
 Acknowledgments
 References
 5 Stem Cell Dormancy: Maintaining a Reserved Population
 1 Introduction
 2 Purpose of Stem Cell Quiescence and Dormancy
 3 History
 4 Factors Regulating Quiescence.