Stellar Populations: A User Guide from Low to High Redshift (Series in Cosmology)

Stellar Populations......Page 1
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Abbreviations and Acronyms......Page 15
Color Plates......Page 17
1.1.1 A 9 M Star......Page 55
1.1.2 The Evolution of Stars with Solar Composition......Page 62
1.1.3 Dependence on Initial Chemical Composition......Page 66
1.1.4 The Asymptotic Giant Branch Phase......Page 69
1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Stellar Evolutionary Models......Page 72
1.2.1 Microphysics......Page 73
1.2.2 Macrophysics......Page 74
1.3 The Initial Mass-Final Mass Relation......Page 85
2.1 The Stellar Evolution Clock......Page 89
2.2 The Evolutionary Flux......Page 92
2.3 The Fuel Consumption Theorem......Page 93
2.4 Fuel Consumptions......Page 96
2.5 Population Synthesis Using Isochrones......Page 100
2.6 The Luminosity Evolution of Stellar Populations......Page 101
2.7 The Specific Evolutionary Flux......Page 103
2.8 The IMF Scale Factor......Page 105
2.9 Total and Specific Rates of Mass Return......Page 106
2.10 Mass and Mass-to-Light Ratio......Page 110
2.11 IMF-Dependent and IMF-Independent Quantities......Page 111
2.12 The Age-Metallicity Degeneracy......Page 112
3.1.1 The Stellar Population of a Frame......Page 115
3.1.2 The Stellar Population of a Pixel......Page 118
3.2 Simulated Observations and Their Reduction......Page 122
4.1 Globular Cluster Ages......Page 131
4.1.1 Absolute and Relative Globular Cluster Ages......Page 132
4.1.2 Globular Clusters with Multiple Populations......Page 134
4.2 The Age of the Galactic Bulge......Page 137
4.3 Globular Clusters in the Magellanic Clouds......Page 140
4.4.1 The Bulge of M31......Page 142
4.4.2 The M31 Halo and Giant Stream......Page 144
4.5 The Star Formation Histories of Resolved Galaxies......Page 146
4.5.1 The Mass-Specific Production......Page 147
4.5.2 Decoding the CMD......Page 152
4.5.3 The Specific Production Method......Page 156
4.5.4 The Synthetic CMD Method......Page 158
4.5.5 An Example: the Stellar Population in the Halo of the Centaurus A Galaxy......Page 160
5.1 Simple Stellar Populations......Page 167
5.2.1 Empirical Spectral Libraries......Page 169
5.3 Composite Stellar Populations......Page 170
5.4.1 The Spectral Evolution of a SSP......Page 172
5.4.2 The Spectral Evolution of Composite Stellar Populations......Page 175
5.4.3 There Are Also Binaries......Page 182
6.1 Measuring Star Formation Rates......Page 187
6.1.1 The SFR from the Ultraviolet Continuum......Page 188
6.1.2 The SFR from the Far-Infrared Luminosity......Page 190
6.1.3 The SFR from Optical Emission Lines......Page 191
6.1.4 The SFR from the Soft X-ray Luminosity......Page 192
6.1.5 The SFR from the Radio Luminosity......Page 193
6.2 Measuring the Stellar Mass of Galaxies......Page 194
6.3.1 Star-Forming Galaxies......Page 197
6.3.2 Quenched Galaxies......Page 199
6.4 Star-Forming and Quenched Galaxies through Cosmic Times......Page 207
6.4.1 The Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies......Page 209
6.4.2 The Mass and Environment of Quenched Galaxies......Page 217
6.4.3 Mass Functions......Page 218
7 Supernovae......Page 225
7.1 Observed SN Rates......Page 227
7.2 Core Collapse SNe......Page 229
7.2.1 Theoretical Rates......Page 230
7.2.2 Nucleosynthetic Yields......Page 233
7.3 Thermonuclear Supernovae......Page 238
7.3.1 Evolutionary Scenarios for SNIa Progenitors......Page 239
7.3.2 The Distribution of Delay Times......Page 241
7.3.3 The SD Channel......Page 242
7.3.4 The DD Channel......Page 245
7.3.5 Constraining the DTD and the SNIa Productivity......Page 251
7.3.6 SNIa Yields......Page 255
7.4 The Relative Role of Core Collapse and Thermonuclear Supernovae......Page 256
8 The IMF from Low to High Redshift......Page 261
8.1 How the IMF Affects Stellar Demography......Page 262
8.2 The M/L Ratio of Elliptical Galaxies and the IMF Slope below 1 M......Page 265
8.3 The Redshift Evolution of the M/L Ratio of Cluster Ellipticals and the IMF Slope between 1 and 1.4M......Page 267
8.4 The Metal Content of Galaxy Clusters and the IMF Slope between 1 and 40 M, and Above......Page 268
9 Evolutionary Links Across Cosmic Time: an Empirical History of Galaxies......Page 273
9.1 The Growth and Overgrowth of Galaxies......Page 275
9.2 A Phenomenological Model of Galaxy Evolution......Page 278
9.2.1 How Mass Quenching Operates......Page 279
9.2.2 How Environmental Quenching Operates......Page 281
9.2.3 The Evolving Demography of Galaxies......Page 283
9.2.4 Caveats......Page 286
9.2.5 The Physics of Quenching......Page 288
10.1 Clusters of Galaxies......Page 291
10.1.1 Iron in the Intracluster Medium and the Iron Mass-to-Light Ratio......Page 292
10.1.2 The Iron Share between ICM and Cluster Galaxies......Page 298
10.1.3 Elemental Ratios......Page 299
10.1.4 Metal Production: the Parent Stellar Populations......Page 301
10.1.5 Iron from SNIa......Page 302
10.1.6 Iron and Metals from Core Collapse SNe......Page 303
10.2 Metals from Galaxies to the ICM: Ejection versus Extraction......Page 304
10.3 Clusters versus Field and the Overall Metallicity of the Universe......Page 306
10.4 Clusters versus the Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way......Page 308
Index......Page 315