Statistics Without Maths for Psychology

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 11
Chapter 0 Introduction......Page 14
 0.1 The Role of Algorithms......Page 15
 0.2 The History of Computing......Page 17
 0.3 An Outline of Our Study......Page 22
 0.4 The Overarching Themes of Computer Science......Page 24
Chapter 1 Data Storage......Page 32
 1.1 Bits and Their Storage......Page 33
 1.2 Main Memory......Page 39
 1.3 Mass Storage......Page 42
 1.4 Representing Information as Bit Patterns......Page 47
 1.5 The Binary System......Page 53
 1.6 Storing Integers......Page 59
 1.7 Storing Fractions......Page 65
 1.8 Data and Programming......Page 70
 1.9 Data Compression......Page 76
 1.10 Communication Errors......Page 82
Chapter 2 Data Manipulation......Page 94
 2.1 Computer Architecture......Page 95
 2.2 Machine Language......Page 98
 2.3 Program Execution......Page 104
 2.4 Arithmetic/Logic Instructions......Page 111
 2.5 Communicating with Other Devices......Page 116
 2.6 Programming Data Manipulation......Page 121
 2.7 Other Architectures......Page 130
Chapter 3 Operating Systems......Page 140
 3.1 The History of Operating Systems......Page 141
 3.2 Operating System Architecture......Page 145
 3.3 Coordinating the Machine’s Activities......Page 153
 3.4 Handling Competition Among Processes......Page 156
 3.5 Security......Page 161
Chapter 4 Networking and the Internet......Page 170
 4.1 Network Fundamentals......Page 171
 4.2 The Internet......Page 180
 4.3 The World Wide Web......Page 189
 4.4 Internet Protocols......Page 198
 4.5 Security......Page 204
Chapter 5 Algorithms......Page 218
 5.1 The Concept of an Algorithm......Page 219
 5.2 Algorithm Representation......Page 222
 5.3 Algorithm Discovery......Page 229
 5.4 Iterative Structures......Page 235
 5.5 Recursive Structures......Page 246
 5.6 Efficiency and Correctness......Page 254
Chapter 6 Programming Languages......Page 272
 6.1 Historical Perspective......Page 273
 6.2 Traditional Programming Concepts......Page 281
 6.3 Procedural Units......Page 293
 6.4 Language Implementation......Page 301
 6.5 Object-Oriented Programming......Page 309
 6.6 Programming Concurrent Activities......Page 316
 6.7 Declarative Programming......Page 319
Chapter 7 Software Engineering......Page 332
 7.1 The Software Engineering Discipline......Page 333
 7.2 The Software Life Cycle......Page 335
 7.3 Software Engineering Methodologies......Page 339
 7.4 Modularity......Page 342
 7.5 Tools of the Trade......Page 349
 7.6 Quality Assurance......Page 357
 7.7 Documentation......Page 361
 7.8 The Human-Machine Interface......Page 362
 7.9 Software Ownership and Liability......Page 365
Chapter 8 Data Abstractions......Page 374
 8.1 Basic Data Structures......Page 375
 8.2 Related Concepts......Page 378
 8.3 Implementing Data Structures......Page 381
 8.4 A Short Case Study......Page 395
 8.5 Customized Data Types......Page 400
 8.6 Classes and Objects......Page 404
 8.7 Pointers in Machine Language......Page 406
Chapter 9 Database Systems......Page 416
 9.1 Database Fundamentals......Page 417
 9.2 The Relational Model......Page 422
 9.3 Object-Oriented Databases......Page 433
 9.4 Maintaining Database Integrity......Page 435
 9.5 Traditional File Structures......Page 439
 9.6 Data Mining......Page 447
 9.7 Social Impact of Database Technology......Page 449
Chapter 10 Computer Graphics......Page 458
 10.1 The Scope of Computer Graphics......Page 459
 10.2 Overview of 3D Graphics......Page 461
 10.3 Modeling......Page 462
 10.4 Rendering......Page 470
 10.5 Dealing with Global Lighting......Page 481
 10.6 Animation......Page 484
Chapter 11 Artificial Intelligence......Page 492
 11.1 Intelligence and Machines......Page 493
 11.2 Perception......Page 498
 11.3 Reasoning......Page 504
 11.4 Additional Areas of Research......Page 515
 11.5 Artificial Neural Networks......Page 520
 11.6 Robotics......Page 527
 11.7 Considering the Consequences......Page 530
Chapter 12 Theory of Computation......Page 540
 12.1 Functions and Their Computation......Page 541
 12.2 Turing Machines......Page 543
 12.3 Universal Programming Languages......Page 547
 12.4 A Noncomputable Function......Page 553
 12.5 Complexity of Problems......Page 557
 12.6 Public-Key Cryptography......Page 566
Appendixes......Page 576
 A ASCII......Page 578
 B Circuits to Manipulate Two’s Complement Representations......Page 579
 C A Simple Machine Language......Page 582
 D High-Level Programming Languages......Page 584
 E The Equivalence of Iterative and Recursive Structures......Page 586
 F Answers to Questions & Exercises......Page 588
Index......Page 630