Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences, Fourth Edition

Key Formulas......Page a001.djvu
Contents......Page f005.djvu
Preface......Page f009.djvu
Acknowledgments......Page f013.djvu
1.1 Introduction to Statistical Methodology......Page p001.djvu
1.2 Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics......Page p004.djvu
1.3 The Role of Computers in Statistics......Page p006.djvu
1.4 Chapter Summary......Page p007.djvu
2.1 Variables and Their Measurement......Page p011.djvu
2.2 Randomization......Page p015.djvu
2.3 Sampling Variability and Potential Bias......Page p018.djvu
2.4 Other Probability Sampling Methods*......Page p021.djvu
2.5 Chapter Summary......Page p024.djvu
3.1 Describing Data with Tables and Graphs......Page p031.djvu
3.2 Describing the Center of the Data......Page p038.djvu
3.3 Describing Variability of the Data......Page p046.djvu
3.4 Measures of Position......Page p051.djvu
3.5 Bivariate Descriptive Statistics......Page p055.djvu
3.6 Sample Statistics and Population Parameters......Page p058.djvu
3.7 Chapter Summary......Page p059.djvu
4.1 Introduction to Probability......Page p073.djvu
4.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete and Continuous Variables......Page p075.djvu
4.3 The Normal Probability Distribution......Page p078.djvu
4.4 Sampling Distributions Describe How Statistics Vary......Page p085.djvu
4.5 Sampling Distributions of Sample Means......Page p089.djvu
4.6 Review: Population, Sample Data, and Sampling Distributions......Page p095.djvu
4.7 Chapter Summary......Page p099.djvu
5.1 Point and Interval Estimation......Page p107.djvu
5.2 Confidence Interval for a Proportion......Page p110.djvu
5.3 Confidence Interval for a Mean......Page p116.djvu
5.4 Choice of Sample Size......Page p124.djvu
5.5 Confidence Intervals for Median and Other Parameters*......Page p129.djvu
5.6 Chapter Summary......Page p132.djvu
6 Statistical Inference: Significance Tests......Page p143.djvu
6.1 The Five Parts of a Significance Test......Page p144.djvu
6.2 Significance Test for a Mean......Page p147.djvu
6.3 Significance Test for a Proportion......Page p156.djvu
6.4 Decisions and Types of Errors in Tests......Page p159.djvu
6.5 Limitations of Significance Tests......Page p163.djvu
6.6 Calculating P (Type II Error)*......Page p166.djvu
6.7 Small-Sample Test for a Proportion-the Binomial Distribution*......Page p169.djvu
6.8 Chapter Summary......Page p173.djvu
7.1 Preliminaries for Comparing Groups......Page p183.djvu
7.2 Categorical Data: Comparing Two Proportions......Page p187.djvu
7.3 Quantitative Data: Comparing Two Means......Page p191.djvu
7.4 Comparing Means with Dependent Samples......Page p193.djvu
7.5 Other Methods for Comparing Means*......Page p197.djvu
7.6 Other Methods for Comparing Proportions*......Page p201.djvu
7.7 Nonparametric Statistics for Comparing Groups*......Page p205.djvu
7.8 Chapter Summary......Page p208.djvu
8.1 Contingency Tables......Page p221.djvu
8.2 Chi-Squared Test of Independence......Page p224.djvu
8.3 Residuals: Detecting the Pattern of Association......Page p229.djvu
8.4 Measuring Association in Contingency Tables......Page p233.djvu
8.5 Association between Ordinal Variables*......Page p239.djvu
8.6 Inference for Ordinal Associations*......Page p243.djvu
8.7 Chapter Summary......Page p246.djvu
9 Linear Regression and Correlation......Page p255.djvu
9.1 Linear Relationships......Page p256.djvu
9.2 Least Squares Prediction Equation......Page p259.djvu
9.3 The Linear Regression Model......Page p265.djvu
9.4 Measuring Linear Association: The Correlation......Page p269.djvu
9.5 Inferences for the Slope and Correlation......Page p276.djvu
9.6 Model Assumptions and Violations......Page p283.djvu
9.7 Chapter Summary......Page p288.djvu
10.1 Association and Causality......Page p301.djvu
10.2 Controlling for Other Variables......Page p304.djvu
10.3 Types of Multivariate Relationships......Page p307.djvu
10.4 Inferential Issues in Statistical Control......Page p313.djvu
10.5 Chapter Summary......Page p314.djvu
11.1 The Multiple Regression Model......Page p321.djvu
11.2 Example with Multiple Regression Computer Output......Page p326.djvu
11.3 Multiple Correlation and R^2......Page p331.djvu
11.4 Inference for Multiple Regression Coefficients......Page p335.djvu
11.5 Interaction between Predictors in Their Effects......Page p340.djvu
11.6 Comparing Regression Models......Page p345.djvu
11.7 Partial Correlation*......Page p347.djvu
11.8 Standardized Regression Coefficients*......Page p351.djvu
11.9 Chapter Summary......Page p354.djvu
12.1 Comparing Several Means: The Analysis of Variance F Test......Page p369.djvu
12.2 Multiple Comparisons of Means......Page p376.djvu
12.3 Performing ANOVA by Regression Modeling......Page p378.djvu
12.4 Two-Way Analysis of Variance......Page p382.djvu
12.5 Two-Way ANOVA and Regression......Page p386.djvu
12.6 Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance*......Page p391.djvu
12.7 Two-Way ANOVA with Repeated Measures on a Factor*......Page p395.djvu
12.8 Effects of Violations of ANOVA Assumptions......Page p400.djvu
12.9 Chapter Summary......Page p402.djvu
13 Combining Regression and ANOVA: Quantitative and Categorical Predictors......Page p413.djvu
13.1 Comparing Means and Comparing Regression Lines......Page p414.djvu
13.2 Regression with Quantitative and Categorical Predictors......Page p416.djvu
13.3 Permitting Interaction between Quantitative and Categorical Predictors......Page p419.djvu
13.4 Inference for Regression with Quantitative and Categorical Predictors......Page p422.djvu
13.5 Adjusted Means*......Page p426.djvu
13.6 Chapter Summary......Page p433.djvu
14.1 Model Selection Procedures......Page p441.djvu
14.2 Regression Diagnostics......Page p448.djvu
14.3 Effects of Multicollinearity......Page p456.djvu
14.4 Generalized Linear Models......Page p458.djvu
14.5 Nonlinear Relationships: Polynomial Regression......Page p462.djvu
14.6 Exponential Regression and Log Transforms*......Page p469.djvu
14.7 Chapter Summary......Page p473.djvu
15.1 Logistic Regression......Page p483.djvu
15.2 Multiple Logistic Regression......Page p488.djvu
15.3 Inference for Logistic Regression Models......Page p493.djvu
15.4 Logistic Regression Models for Ordinal Variables*......Page p496.djvu
15.5 Logistic Models for Nominal Responses*......Page p501.djvu
15.6 Loglinear Models for Categorical Variables*......Page p503.djvu
15.7 Model Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Contingency Tables*......Page p507.djvu
15.8 Chapter Summary......Page p511.djvu
16.1 Longitudinal Data Analysis*......Page p519.djvu
16.2 Multilevel (Hierarchical) Models*......Page p523.djvu
16.3 Event History Models*......Page p524.djvu
16.4 Path Analysis*......Page p527.djvu
16.5 Factor Analysis*......Page p532.djvu
16.6 Structural Equation Models*......Page p537.djvu
16.7 Markov Chains*......Page p541.djvu
Appendix A: SPSS and SAS for Statistical Analyses (MISSING)......Page p545.djvu
Appendix B: Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Exercises......Page p567.djvu
Tables......Page p591.djvu
A Guide to Choosing a Statistical Method......Page p597.djvu