Starting Out With C++ Early Object

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents at a Glance......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 28
About the Authors......Page 31
Acknowledgments for the Global Edition......Page 32
 1.1 Why Program?......Page 36
 1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software......Page 38
 1.3 Programs and Programming Languages......Page 43
 1.4 What Is a Program Made of?......Page 48
 1.5 Input, Processing, and Output......Page 52
 1.6 The Programming Process......Page 53
 1.7 Tying It All Together: Hi! It’s Me......Page 58
 2.1 The Parts of a C++ Program......Page 62
 2.2 The cout Object......Page 66
 2.3 The # include Directive......Page 71
 2.4 Variables and the Assignment Statement......Page 72
 2.5 Literals......Page 74
 2.6 Identifiers......Page 76
 2.7 Integer Data Types......Page 78
 2.8 Floating-Point Data Types......Page 83
 2.9 The char Data Type......Page 87
 2.10 The C++ string Class......Page 91
 2.11 The bool Data Type......Page 92
 2.12 Determining the Size of a Data Type......Page 93
 2.13 More on Variable Assignments and Initialization......Page 94
 2.14 Scope......Page 96
 2.15 Arithmetic Operators......Page 97
 2.16 Comments......Page 101
 2.17 Programming Style......Page 102
 2.18 Tying It All Together: Smile!......Page 104
 3.1 The cin Object......Page 112
 3.2 Mathematical Expressions......Page 119
 3.3 Data Type Conversion and Type Casting......Page 127
 3.4 Overflow and Underflow......Page 133
 3.5 Named Constants......Page 134
 3.6 Multiple and Combined Assignment......Page 137
 3.7 Formatting Output......Page 141
 3.8 Working with Characters and Strings......Page 151
 3.9 More Mathematical Library Functions......Page 165
 3.10 Random Numbers......Page 167
 3.11 Focus on Debugging: Hand Tracing a Program......Page 171
 3.12 Green Fields Landscaping Case Study—Part 1......Page 173
 3.13 Tying It All Together: Word Game......Page 176
 4.1 Relational Operators......Page 190
 4.2 The if Statement......Page 196
 4.3 The if/else Statement......Page 205
 4.4 The if/else if Statement......Page 210
 4.5 Menu-Driven Programs......Page 218
 4.6 Nested if Statements......Page 220
 4.7 Logical Operators......Page 224
 4.8 Validating User Input......Page 233
 4.9 More about Blocks and Scope......Page 235
 4.10 More about Characters and Strings......Page 238
 4.11 The Conditional Operator......Page 244
 4.12 The switch Statement......Page 248
 4.13 Enumerated Data Types......Page 257
 4.14 Focus on Testing and Debugging: Validating Output Results......Page 260
 4.15 Green Fields Landscaping Case Study—Part 2......Page 262
 4.16 Tying It All Together: Fortune Teller......Page 267
 5.1 Introduction to Loops: The while Loop......Page 278
 5.2 Using the while Loop for Input Validation......Page 285
 5.3 The Increment and Decrement Operators......Page 288
 5.4 Counters......Page 293
 5.5 Keeping a Running Total......Page 295
 5.6 Sentinels......Page 298
 5.7 The do-while Loop......Page 300
 5.8 The for Loop......Page 306
 5.9 Focus on Software Engineering: Deciding Which Loop to Use......Page 312
 5.10 Nested Loops......Page 314
 5.11 Breaking Out of a Loop......Page 316
 5.12 Using Files for Data Storage......Page 320
 5.13 Focus on Testing and Debugging: Creating Good Test Data......Page 336
 5.14 Central Mountain Credit Union Case Study......Page 339
 5.15 Tying It All Together: What a Colorful World......Page 343
 6.1 Modular Programming......Page 358
 6.2 Defining and Calling Functions......Page 359
 6.3 Function Prototypes......Page 367
 6.4 Sending Data into a Function......Page 368
 6.5 Passing Data by Value......Page 373
 6.6 The return Statement......Page 377
 6.7 Returning a Value from a Function......Page 378
 6.8 Returning a Boolean Value......Page 384
 6.9 Using Functions in a Menu-Driven Program......Page 386
 6.10 Local and Global Variables......Page 390
 6.11 Static Local Variables......Page 397
 6.12 Default Arguments......Page 399
 6.13 Using Reference Variables as Parameters......Page 403
 6.14 Overloading Functions......Page 413
 6.15 The exit() Function......Page 417
 6.16 Stubs and Drivers......Page 420
 6.17 Little Lotto Case Study......Page 422
 6.18 Tying It All Together: Glowing Jack-o-lantern......Page 427
 7.1 Abstract Data Types......Page 442
 7.2 Object-Oriented Programming......Page 444
 7.3 Introduction to Classes......Page 446
 7.4 Creating and Using Objects......Page 449
 7.5 Defining Member Functions......Page 451
 7.6 Constructors......Page 458
 7.7 Destructors......Page 464
 7.8 Private Member Functions......Page 467
 7.9 Passing Objects to Functions......Page 470
 7.10 Object Composition......Page 477
 7.11 Focus on Software Engineering: Separating Class Specification, Implementation, and Client Code......Page 481
 7.12 Structures......Page 488
 7.13 More about Enumerated Data Types......Page 500
 7.14 Home Software Company OOP Case Study......Page 504
 7.15 Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design......Page 511
 7.16 Screen Control......Page 521
 7.17 Tying It All Together: Yoyo Animation......Page 526
 8.1 Arrays Hold Multiple Values......Page 542
 8.2 Accessing Array Elements......Page 544
 8.3 Inputting and Displaying Array Data......Page 546
 8.4 Array Initialization......Page 553
 8.5 The Range-Based for loop......Page 560
 8.6 Processing Array Contents......Page 563
 8.7 Using Parallel Arrays......Page 574
 8.9 Arrays as Function Arguments......Page 578
 8.10 Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 588
 8.11 Arrays with Three or More Dimensions......Page 595
 8.12 Vectors......Page 598
 8.13 Arrays of Objects......Page 610
 8.14 National Commerce Bank Case Study......Page 620
 8.15 Tying It All Together: Rock, Paper, Scissors......Page 622
 9.1 Introduction to Search Algorithms......Page 638
 9.2 Searching an Array of Objects......Page 645
 9.3 Introduction to Sorting Algorithms......Page 648
 9.4 Sorting an Array of Objects......Page 656
 9.5 Sorting and Searching Vectors......Page 659
 9.6 Introduction to Analysis of Algorithms......Page 662
 9.8 Tying It All Together: Secret Messages......Page 670
 10.1 Pointers and the Address Operator......Page 680
 10.2 Pointer Variables......Page 682
 10.3 The Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers......Page 686
 10.4 Pointer Arithmetic......Page 690
 10.5 Initializing Pointers......Page 691
 10.6 Comparing Pointers......Page 694
 10.7 Pointers as Function Parameters......Page 696
 10.8 Pointers to Constants and Constant Pointers......Page 700
 10.9 Focus on Software Engineering: Dynamic Memory Allocation......Page 705
 10.10 Focus on Software Engineering: Returning Pointers from Functions......Page 709
 10.11 Pointers to Class Objects and Structures......Page 715
 10.12 Focus on Software Engineering: Selecting Members of Objects......Page 719
 10.13 Smart Pointers......Page 721
 10.14 Tying It All Together: Pardon Me, Do You Have the Time?......Page 729
 11.1 The this Pointer and Constant Member Functions......Page 738
 11.2 Static Members......Page 743
 11.3 Friends of Classes......Page 750
 11.4 Memberwise Assignment......Page 755
 11.5 Copy Constructors......Page 756
 11.6 Operator Overloading......Page 765
 11.7 Rvalue References and Move Operations......Page 786
 11.8 Function Objects and Lambda Expressions......Page 796
 11.9 Type Conversion Operators......Page 805
 11.10 Convert Constructors......Page 808
 11.11 Aggregation and Composition......Page 811
 11.12 Inheritance......Page 817
 11.13 Protected Members and Class Access......Page 822
 11.14 Constructors, Destructors, and Inheritance......Page 827
 11.15 Overriding Base Class Functions......Page 832
 11.16 Tying It All Together: Putting Data on the World Wide Web......Page 835
 12.1 C-Strings......Page 850
 12.2 Library Functions for Working with C-Strings......Page 855
 12.3 Conversions Between Numbers and Strings......Page 864
 12.4 Writing Your Own C-String Handling Functions......Page 868
 12.5 More about the C++ string Class......Page 874
 12.6 Advanced Software Enterprises Case Study......Page 877
 12.7 Tying It All Together: Program Execution Environments......Page 879
 13.1 Input and Output Streams......Page 888
 13.2 More Detailed Error Testing......Page 896
 13.3 Member Functions for Reading and Writing Files......Page 900
 13.4 Binary Files......Page 912
 13.5 Creating Records with Structures......Page 916
 13.6 Random-Access Files......Page 921
 13.7 Opening a File for Both Input and Output......Page 928
 13.8 Online Friendship Connections Case Study: Object Serialization......Page 933
 13.9 Tying It All Together: File Merging and Color-Coded HTML......Page 938
 14.1 Introduction to Recursion......Page 950
 14.2 The Recursive Factorial Function......Page 957
 14.3 The Recursive gcd Function......Page 959
 14.4 Solving Recursively Defined Problems......Page 960
 14.5 A Recursive Binary Search Function......Page 962
 14.6 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: The QuickSort Algorithm......Page 964
 14.7 The Towers of Hanoi......Page 968
 14.8 Focus on Problem Solving: Exhaustive and Enumeration Algorithms......Page 971
 14.9 Focus on Software Engineering: Recursion versus Iteration......Page 975
 14.10 Tying It All Together: Infix and Prefix Expressions......Page 976
 15.1 Type Compatibility in Inheritance Hierarchies......Page 984
 15.2 Polymorphism and Virtual Member Functions......Page 990
 15.3 Abstract Base Classes and Pure Virtual Functions......Page 998
 15.4 Focus on Object-Oriented Programming: Composition versus Inheritance......Page 1004
 15.5 Secure Encryption Systems, Inc., Case Study......Page 1008
 15.6 Tying It All Together: Let’s Move It......Page 1011
 16.1 Exceptions......Page 1022
 16.2 Function Templates......Page 1034
 16.3 Class Templates......Page 1042
 16.4 Class Templates and Inheritance......Page 1047
 16.5 Introduction to the Standard Template Library......Page 1051
 16.6 Tying It All Together: Word Transformers Game......Page 1064
 17.1 Introduction to the Linked List ADT......Page 1072
 17.2 Linked List Operations......Page 1078
 17.3 A Linked List Template......Page 1090
 17.4 Recursive Linked List Operations......Page 1094
 17.5 Variations of the Linked List......Page 1102
 17.6 The STL list Container......Page 1103
 17.7 Reliable Software Systems, Inc., Case Study......Page 1106
 17.8 Tying It All Together: More on Graphics and Animation......Page 1109
 18.1 Introduction to the Stack ADT......Page 1120
 18.2 Dynamic Stacks......Page 1128
 18.3 The STL stack Container......Page 1132
 18.4 Introduction to the Queue ADT......Page 1134
 18.5 Dynamic Queues......Page 1141
 18.6 The STL deque and queue Containers......Page 1144
 18.7 Focus on Problem Solving and Program Design: Eliminating Recursion......Page 1147
 18.8 Tying It All Together: Converting Postfix Expressions to Infix......Page 1152
 19.1 Definition and Applications of Binary Trees......Page 1160
 19.2 Binary Search Tree Operations......Page 1164
 19.4 Tying It All Together: Genealogy Trees......Page 1180
Appendix A: The ASCII Character Set......Page 1190
Appendix B: Operator Precedence and Associativity......Page 1194
Appendix C: Answers to Checkpoints......Page 1196
Appendix D: Answers to Odd-Numbered Review Questions......Page 1236
 A......Page 1256
 B......Page 1257
 C......Page 1258
 E......Page 1260
 F......Page 1261
 G......Page 1262
 I......Page 1263
 L......Page 1264
 N......Page 1265
 O......Page 1266
 P......Page 1267
 Q......Page 1268
 S......Page 1269
 T......Page 1271
 V......Page 1272
 W......Page 1273