Standards for Management Systems: A Comprehensive Guide to Content, Implementation Tools, and Certification Schemes (Management for Professionals)

Preface
What Is in the Book and How to Navigate Through It
Declaration
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
1 Standards for Management Systems: Overview and Main Ingredients
	1.1 Does the World Need Management System Standards?
		1.1.1 General Motivation
		1.1.2 Global Supply Chains
		1.1.3 Robust Processes and Reliable Process Management
		1.1.4 Globally Accepted Requirements for Management Systems
		1.1.5 Genuine Versus Industry-Specific Models for Quality Management Systems
		1.1.6 Certification Schemes
	1.2 Where Do All These Management System Standards Come from?
		1.2.1 Why Are Most Management System Standards Global?
		1.2.2 ISO—International Organization for Standardization
		1.2.3 National Organizations for Standardization
		1.2.4 The Role of Industry Organizations and Other Interested Parties
	1.3 Processes: Why Are They in the Focus of Management Systems?
	1.4 Risk-Based Thinking: A Cornerstone of Management System Standards
	1.5 Universal Design: The Architecture of Management System Standards
2 Generic Standards for Management Systems: An Overview
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 ISO 9001—QMS—Quality Management System
		2.2.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.2.2 The Principles Behind ISO 9001
		2.2.3 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 9001
		2.2.4 Shortened Checklist for ISO 9001
		2.2.5 Frequently Asked Questions
		2.2.6 Examples for Illustrational Purposes
		2.2.7 Some Supportive Standards for Quality Management Systems
	2.3 ISO 14001—EMS—Environmental Management System
		2.3.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.3.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 14001
		2.3.3 Other Important ISO Standards in the ISO 140XX-Series
		2.3.4 Shortened Checklist for ISO 14001
		2.3.5 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.4 ISO/IEC 17025—Laboratory Management
		2.4.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.4.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 17025
		2.4.3 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.5 ISO 21001—EOMS—Management Systems for Educational Organizations
		2.5.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.5.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 21001
		2.5.3 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.6 ISO 22301—BCMS—Business Continuity Management System
		2.6.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.6.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 22301
		2.6.3 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.7 ISO 27001—ISMS—Information Security Management System
		2.7.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.7.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 27001
		2.7.3 Frequently Asked Question
	2.8 ISO 31000—RM—Risk Management
		2.8.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.8.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 31000
		2.8.3 Implementation Hints
		2.8.4 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.9 ISO 44001—CBRMS—Collaborative Business Relationship Management System
		2.9.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.9.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 44001
		2.9.3 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.10 ISO 45001—OH&SMS Occupational Health and Safety Management System
		2.10.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.10.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 45001
		2.10.3 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.11 ISO 50001—EnMS—Energy Management System
		2.11.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.11.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 50001
		2.11.3 Frequently Asked Questions and Implementation Hints
	2.12 ISO 55001—AMS—Asset Management System
		2.12.1 Introductory Remarks
		2.12.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 55001
		2.12.3 Frequently Asked Questions
	2.13 ISO 22316—Organizational Resilience
	2.14 Finishing This Chapter and Looking Forward to Chap. 3
3 Industry-Specific Standards for Management Systems
	3.1 Introduction and Overview
	3.2 Automotive Industry
	3.3 Aerospace Industry
	3.4 Railway Industry
	3.5 ICT—Information and Communication Technology Industry
	3.6 Quality Management Schemes for Food Industry and Agriculture
		3.6.1 General Introduction
		3.6.2 ISO 22000—FSMS—Food Safety Management System
		3.6.3 More Standards for Food Industry and Agriculture
		3.6.4 Concluding Remarks: Which Scheme to Choose?
	3.7 Forestry and Chain of Custody
		3.7.1 General Introduction
		3.7.2 PEFC and FSC
		3.7.3 ISO 38200: Chain of Custody of Wood and Wood-Based Products
	3.8 Healthcare
		3.8.1 General Introduction
		3.8.2 International ISO Standards for Healthcare
		3.8.3 The European Standard EN 15224
		3.8.4 JCI—Joint Commission International
		3.8.5 Case Study: Quality Management Initiatives in German Healthcare
	3.9 ISO 20121—ESMS—Event Sustainability Management System
		3.9.1 Introduction to the Standard
		3.9.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 20121
		3.9.3 Example to Illustrate Some Concepts of the ESMS
		3.9.4 Beyond Event Sustainability
	3.10 ISO 28000—SCSMS—Supply Chain Security Management System
	3.11 ISO 41001—FMS—Facility Management System
		3.11.1 Introductory Remarks
		3.11.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 41001
	3.12 ISO 39001—RTSMS—Road Traffic Safety Management System
	References
4 Standards for Compliance, Anti-bribery and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
	4.1 Introductory Remarks
	4.2 ISO 19600—CMS—Compliance Management System
		4.2.1 Introduction
		4.2.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 19600
	4.3 ISO 26000—Guidance on Social Responsibility
		4.3.1 General Description of ISO 26000
		4.3.2 Integrating ISO 26000 into the Organization’s Management System
	4.4 ISO 37001—ABMS—Anti-bribery Management System
		4.4.1 Introductory Remarks
		4.4.2 Discussion of the Clauses of ISO 37001
	4.5 CSR—Corporate Social Responsibility
5 Special Purpose Audit Schemes and Quality Awards
	5.1 Special Purpose Audits Schemes
	5.2 Quality Awards
		5.2.1 The Deming Prize
		5.2.2 MBNQA—Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award
		5.2.3 The Continuum of National Quality Awards
6 How to Get Things Done: A Practitioner’s Toolbox
	6.1 Introduction and Overview
	6.2 DMAIC: Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control
		6.2.1 General Description of the DMAIC Approach
		6.2.2 Detailed Steps of the DMAIC Approach
	6.3 Integrated Management Systems
	6.4 Tools and Concepts in Alphabetical Order
		6.4.1 Introduction
		6.4.2 5S Method
		6.4.3 5 Whys
		6.4.4 5W2H—5 Whys and 2 Hows
		6.4.5 8D-Reports
		6.4.6 Acceptance Sampling
		6.4.7 Affinity Diagrams
		6.4.8 ALARP—As Low as Reasonably Practicable
		6.4.9 ANOVA—Analysis of Variance
		6.4.10 Balanced Scorecards
		6.4.11 Bayesian Analysis
		6.4.12 Bow-Tie Analysis
		6.4.13 Brainstorming
		6.4.14 Brainwriting—6-3-5 Method
		6.4.15 Causal Mapping and Relationship Diagrams
		6.4.16 CBA—Cost Benefit Analysis
		6.4.17 Checklist
		6.4.18 Check Sheet
		6.4.19 C&E Matrix—Cause-and-Effect Matrix
		6.4.20 CIA—Cross-Impact Analysis
		6.4.21 Control Charts, Process Capability and Process Sigma
		6.4.22 Correlation Analysis
		6.4.23 CTQ—Critical to Quality
		6.4.24 CVAM—Customer Value Assessment Matrix
		6.4.25 Data Collection and Presentation
		6.4.26 Decision Tree Analysis
		6.4.27 Delphi Technique
		6.4.28 DOE—Design of Experiments
		6.4.29 Estimation of Parameters and Confidence Intervals
		6.4.30 ETA—Event Tree Analysis
		6.4.31 Five Max Method
		6.4.32 FMEA—Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
		6.4.33 Force Field Analysis
		6.4.34 FTA—Fault Tree Analysis
		6.4.35 HACCP—Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
		6.4.36 Hazard Level Matrix
		6.4.37 HAZOP—Hazard and Operability Studies
		6.4.38 HRA—Human Reliability Analysis
		6.4.39 Involvement Matrix
		6.4.40 Interested Parties—Selection Criteria
		6.4.41 Interviews
		6.4.42 Ishikawa Diagrams—Root-Cause Analysis
		6.4.43 Kaizen
		6.4.44 Kappa Index Calculation and Inter-Rater Agreement
		6.4.45 Markov Analysis
		6.4.46 MEP—Maximum Entropy Principle and Probability Distributions
		6.4.47 Mind-Mapping
		6.4.48 Monte Carlo Simulation
		6.4.49 NGT—Nominal Group Technique
		6.4.50 Order Statistics and Distribution of Extreme Values
		6.4.51 Pareto Analysis and Pareto Charts
		6.4.52 PDCA: Plan-Do-Check-Act
		6.4.53 PESTLE Analysis
		6.4.54 PHA—Preliminary Hazard Analysis
		6.4.55 PMI—Plus-Minus-Interesting
		6.4.56 Poka-Yoke
		6.4.57 Prioritization Matrix
		6.4.58 Process Flow Tools
		6.4.59 RACI Matrix
		6.4.60 Regression Analysis
		6.4.61 Reliability Theory
		6.4.62 Sampling of Data and Surveys
		6.4.63 Scenario Analysis
		6.4.64 SIPOC Diagrams
		6.4.65 Solution Selection Matrix
		6.4.66 Stakeholder Profile Matrix
		6.4.67 Strategy Alignment with Operational Capabilities and Needs
		6.4.68 SWIFT—Structured What-IF Technique
		6.4.69 SWOT Analysis
		6.4.70 Taguchi Loss Function
		6.4.71 Teams and Meeting Guidelines
		6.4.72 Testing of Hypotheses
		6.4.73 To-Do-List
		6.4.74 Tree Diagrams
		6.4.75 Visual Management
		6.4.76 VOC—Voice of the Customer
		6.4.77 VSM—Value Stream Mapping
		6.4.78 Y = F(X)
	Reference
7 Auditing the Management System
	7.1 Introduction: The Need for Performance Control and the Role of Audits
	7.2 Audits: A Means to Control the Performance of Management Systems
		7.2.1 The Role and Content of ISO 19011:2018
		7.2.2 Auditors: General Requirements
		7.2.3 Audits: General Process
		7.2.4 Determining Audit Time and Some Related Issues
8 Certification and Accreditation: Types and Rules
	8.1 Why This Chapter?
	8.2 Types of Certification
	8.3 Accreditation: Organizations, Rules and Achievements
	8.4 Organizational Requirements for Organizations Certifying Management Systems
	8.5 How to Select the Right Certification Body?
9 Mathematical Methods and Statistical Tables
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Why Logic Is Important
	9.3 Sets
		9.3.1 Introduction to Sets
		9.3.2 Definition and Basic Properties of Sets
		9.3.3 Combinatorics and Principles of Counting
	9.4 Analysis
		9.4.1 Numbers
		9.4.2 Sequences and Limits
		9.4.3 Maps and Functions
		9.4.4 Differential Calculus
		9.4.5 Integral Calculus
	9.5 Algebra
		9.5.1 Introductory Remarks on Algebra
		9.5.2 Matrices and Vectors
		9.5.3 Determinants
		9.5.4 Derivatives of Matrices and Vectors
		9.5.5 Boolean Algebra
	9.6 Probability and Statistics
		9.6.1 Why Is Probability Theory Important in Our Context?
		9.6.2 The Intuitive Versus Formal Approach to Probability
		9.6.3 Conditional Probabilities
		9.6.4 Bayes’ Theorem
		9.6.5 Random Variables, Probability Distribution Functions and Expected Values
		9.6.6 Functions of Random Variables and Their Distributions
		9.6.7 Approximations of Important Expectation Values
		9.6.8 Inequalities for Probabilities
		9.6.9 Law of Large Numbers
		9.6.10 Characteristic Functions and Moment Generating Functions
		9.6.11 CLT—Central Limit Theorem
		9.6.12 Important Discrete and Continuous Probability Distributions
	9.7 Statistical Tables
		9.7.1 Quantiles and Percentiles
		9.7.2 Description and Usage of the Tables
Suggested Further Reading
Index