Standard Albanian: A Reference Grammar for Students

Contents......Page 9
Abbreviations......Page 18
A Sketch of the Country and the People......Page 21
Dialects and Standard Literary Albanian......Page 26
Phonology and Orthography......Page 27
Syntactic and Morphological Constructions......Page 37
Words and Morphemes......Page 38
Basic Grammatical Categories in Verbs......Page 41
Person......Page 43
Number......Page 50
Voice......Page 51
Tense......Page 55
Aspect......Page 56
Conjugation of the Verb Core......Page 57
Verb Stems......Page 58
Conjugational Types......Page 59
Construction of Verb Core Forms......Page 64
Non-Active Voice Forms......Page 78
Non-Finite Verb Forms......Page 82
The Nominal Phrase......Page 140
Noun Classes......Page 146
The Category of Gender......Page 150
The Category of Case......Page 154
Grammatical Number......Page 159
The Category of Definiteness......Page 169
Noun Declension......Page 179
Noun Stem Formation......Page 182
Adjectival Articles......Page 199
Declension of Adjectives......Page 203
Substantivization of Adjectives......Page 210
Position and Agreement of the Adjective......Page 214
Semantic Classification of Adjectives......Page 216
Formation of Adjectives......Page 219
General Information......Page 230
Functional Classification of Adverbs......Page 231
Gradation of Adverbs......Page 241
Derivation of Adverbs......Page 243
Comparison......Page 253
Qualification of Modifiers......Page 263
Structure of Cardinal Numbers......Page 268
Uses of Cardinal Numbers......Page 271
Ordinal Numbers......Page 277
Fractions......Page 278
Personal Pronouns......Page 281
Reflexive Nouns......Page 285
Deictic Adjectives......Page 287
Pronominal Adjectives......Page 288
Interrogative Pronouns......Page 295
Relative Pronouns......Page 298
Indeterminate Pronouns......Page 301
Reciprocal Pronouns......Page 305
Prepositional Classes......Page 309
Formation of Prepositionals......Page 319
Conjunctional Phrases......Page 321
Types of Conjunction......Page 322
11. Particles......Page 330
12. Interjections and Interjectional Phrases......Page 343
Index......Page 352