Stakeholders: Theory and Practice

CONTENTS......Page 14
PREFACE......Page 8
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 21
LIST OF TABLES......Page 23
LIST OF VIGNETTES......Page 24
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS......Page 26
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 30
1.1 The stakeholder concept......Page 32
1.3 Stakeholder definitions: profusion and some confusion......Page 34
1.3.1 What is a stakeholder?......Page 35
1.3.2 A model of stakeholder definitions......Page 41
1.3.3 Who are stakeholders?......Page 44
Questions/Exercises......Page 46
PART I: THEORY AND THEORETICAL ISSUES......Page 48
2.2 The soulless corporation......Page 50
2.3 Early uses of the stakeholder concept (pre-Freeman 1984)......Page 52
2.4 Freeman (1984): the pivotal contribution to the stakeholder literature......Page 56
2.6 Normative, instrumental, and descriptive stakeholder theory: Donaldson and Preston (1995)......Page 59
2.7 Case 2.1: public use of private property and responsibility to stakeholders: the Berle and Dodd debate......Page 62
Questions/Exercises......Page 66
3.1 Introduction......Page 67
3.2 Classifying normative stakeholder theories......Page 68
3.3 Normative theories of the first kind......Page 76
3.4 Normative theories of the second kind......Page 95
3.5 Normative theories of the third kind......Page 107
Questions/Exercises......Page 111
4.1 Introduction......Page 114
4.2 Strategic/instrumental and organization-centric stakeholder models......Page 115
4.3 Strategic/instrumental and relationship-focused stakeholder models......Page 132
4.4 Descriptive/positive and relationship-focused stakeholder models......Page 137
4.5 Strategic/instrumental and stakeholder-centric stakeholder models......Page 141
4.6 Comparison of strategic stakeholder models......Page 145
Questions/Exercises......Page 147
5.1 Introduction......Page 149
5.2 Critiques of the stakeholder concept......Page 150
5.3 The 1999 convergence debate: normative/instrumental/descriptive distinction revisited......Page 153
5.4 Critical issues for analytical stakeholder theory: finer ontological distinctions......Page 163
5.5 Dynamic organization–stakeholder relations......Page 166
5.6 Revisiting the core of stakeholder theory......Page 167
5.7 Further ways of distinguishing contribution to the stakeholder literature: Stoney and Winstanley (2001)......Page 170
Questions/Exercises......Page 175
PART II: PRACTICE: MANAGEMENT, STAKEHOLDERS, AND INTERMEDIARIES......Page 178
6.1 Introduction......Page 180
6.2 The principles of stakeholder management......Page 182
6.3 Stakeholder management paradigms......Page 183
6.4 Assessing the quality of engagement......Page 190
6.5 A ladder of stakeholder engagement......Page 191
6.6 Stakeholder management tools......Page 195
6.7 Surveys of stakeholder engagement......Page 208
6.8 Stakeholder management issues......Page 210
Questions/Exercises......Page 218
7.1 Introduction......Page 219
7.2 Stakeholder mobilization......Page 220
7.3 Stakeholder strategies to influence organizations......Page 222
7.4 Stakeholder withholding strategies......Page 224
7.5 Stakeholder usage strategies......Page 231
7.6 Voice strategies......Page 241
7.7 Damage strategies......Page 243
7.8 Conclusion......Page 248
Questions/Exercises......Page 249
8.1 Introduction......Page 251
8.2 Intermediaries in the organization–stakeholder relationship......Page 252
8.3 (Mass) media as an intermediary......Page 258
8.4 Stakeholder mismanagement and the role of the media......Page 264
8.5 Case study: suppliers as stakeholders at Marks & Spencer (UK)......Page 268
Questions/Exercises......Page 271
PART III: POLICY AND MANAGEMENT EDUCATION......Page 272
9.1 Introduction......Page 274
9.2 A framework for assessing national and international policy......Page 275
9.3 Corporate social responsibility guidelines, laws, and regulations......Page 281
9.4 Corporate governance......Page 288
9.5 Corporate environmental, social, and ethical reporting......Page 291
9.6 Case 9.1: Enron and Arthur Andersen......Page 300
Questions/Exercises......Page 305
Appendix 9.1......Page 306
Appendix 9.2......Page 312
10.1 Introduction......Page 320
10.2 The influence of the stakeholder concept on fields of management thought......Page 321
10.3 Conclusion......Page 328
Questions/Exercises......Page 329
REFERENCES......Page 330
C......Page 354
D......Page 355
G......Page 356
L......Page 357
P......Page 358
S......Page 359
W......Page 361