Sport and Violence: A Critical Examination of Sport

Dedication......Page 6
Epigraph......Page 8
Table of Contents......Page 10
Foreword......Page 14
Preface and Acknowledgment......Page 16
Introduction......Page 20
CHAPTER 1 Our Violent Society - Nationally and Globally......Page 23
What is Sport Violence?......Page 24
Definitions......Page 25
The Violent Sport Environment......Page 32
Key Examples......Page 34
A Brief Tour of the World......Page 39
Toward Policy - An Integrated Approach......Page 44
References......Page 46
CHAPTER 2 - A History of Leisure, a History of Violence: Our Violent Society, a National and Global Historical Perspective......Page 49
Subjectivity, Agency and Meaning of Violence......Page 51
Greek Festivals of Violence and Coming of Age......Page 53
Rome: The Spectacle of Violence......Page 54
The Olympics: An Arena for the Threat ofnbspViolence......Page 55
The Hooligan......Page 56
Lynching Violence as Leisure......Page 57
A Psychological Perspective on Violence......Page 61
A Sociological Approach to Violence......Page 62
Summary......Page 63
History......Page 64
Social Justice......Page 65
References......Page 66
CHAPTER 3 - The Status of Sport and Violence......Page 71
Elements and Taxonomy of Sport Rage......Page 75
Establishing the Need to Identify and Control Sport Violence......Page 77
Why Safe and Productive Sport Environments are Important for Your Community......Page 80
References......Page 87
CHAPTER 4 - Exploration of Societal Factors......Page 93
Dying to Win: The Pressures of Sport......Page 96
The Economy and Sports: Haves and Have Nots......Page 99
Steroids and Other Performance Enhancing Products......Page 101
Is Sport a Culture that Encourages Excessive and Criminal Behavior Outside the Field of Play?......Page 105
References......Page 108
CHAPTER 5 - Causes of Sport Violence......Page 113
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Use of Language Generated by Sports Journalists and Broadcasters......Page 115
Use of Sexuality and Violence for Promotion, Advertisement, and Marketing......Page 116
The Trivialization of Violence in Sports......Page 117
Pressure......Page 118
Sport development......Page 119
Sport Specialization......Page 121
Anger-Aggression Continuum......Page 122
Parent Aggression toward Kids, Coaches, Referees......Page 124
Coaches’ Aggression toward Kids......Page 125
Sport Structure......Page 127
Management......Page 128
The sport experience......Page 129
Investment......Page 130
References......Page 133
CHAPTER 6 - Fan-Sport Environment Interaction Disorder......Page 137
Sports Riots and Hostile Interactions Involving Fans......Page 141
Identity and personal stake in teams......Page 143
Altercations and group dynamics in the competitive spirit......Page 146
Summary......Page 151
References......Page 152
Who gets Excluded and Why?......Page 155
Race......Page 156
Ethnicity......Page 158
Ability......Page 159
Ice skating rivalry......Page 160
French father’s support scandal......Page 161
Religion......Page 163
Social class......Page 165
Sexual orientation......Page 166
Age......Page 167
Power Struggles and Inequities......Page 170
Gangs, Intimidation, and Violence in Sport......Page 172
Gaining Control of ISM Issues......Page 173
What about Inclusion?......Page 174
Summary......Page 176
References......Page 177
CHAPTER 8 - Spillover Effects of Sport and Violence......Page 179
Sexual Abuse and Violence: the Surfacing of Criminal Complaints against Athletes......Page 180
Success, Sacrifice and Dropping Out of Sports......Page 185
Hubris and Celebrity Privilege: Athlete’s Feeling Above the Law......Page 189
Hazing......Page 193
References......Page 196
CHAPTER 9 - Specific Solutions to Mitigating Sport and Violence......Page 199
The Sport Hierarchy......Page 200
Responsibility for a Safe, Civil Sport Environment......Page 201
Proposal number 2......Page 202
The Sport Management Professional......Page 204
Role of National and Local Policy......Page 206
Role of Administrators in Sport Environments......Page 207
Proposal number 5......Page 208
Sport Violence Litigation......Page 209
Significant Adult Responsibilities......Page 210
Proposal number 7......Page 211
Resources Available from Many Organizations......Page 212
Proposal number 8......Page 216
References......Page 217
CHAPTER 10 - Solutions......Page 221
Immediate Problems Facing Development of Solutions......Page 223
Cultivating a Vision - a General Commitment to Youth......Page 224
First Major Focus: the Sport Actors - Solving Problems and Issues......Page 226
Politics, Violence Reduction......Page 227
Toward an Era of Renewed Responsibility......Page 231
Charters......Page 232
The organization......Page 233
Recommendations......Page 234
What’s in Store? The Future of Sport......Page 235
Summary......Page 242
References......Page 243
Bibliography......Page 247
INDEX......Page 259