Spinoza in Soviet Philosophy: A Series of Essays

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter I. Introductory
	1. Liberal Theory and Practice
		A. Non-Democratic Minimal Government
		B. The Inner Unity of the Liberal Outlook
	2. The Strands of Political Philosophy
		A. Facts
		B. 'Oughts'
	3. The Approach to Locke
		A. Contradictions and Historical Conditions
		B. The Test of Consistency
Part One: Metapolitics and Politics
	Chapter II. Natural Law
		1. Rational Politics and Ethical Pluralism
		2. Knowability
			A. Unequal Knowledge
				a. Equality and Inequality
				b. The Many and the Few
			B. Scriptural Evidence
				a. Supposed Deviations
				b. Overt Biblical Criticism
			C. Self-Preservation and Traditional Values
		3. Applicability
			A. Natural Law and Consent
			B. Moral Deterioration and Positive Law
			C. Individual and Collective Consent
	Chapter III. The Natural and the Political Condition
		1. The Hypothetical State of Nature
			A. Man's Perpetual Status
			B. Empirical and Historical Verification
			C. Social and Political Existence
		2. The State of Nature, the State of War and Political Society
			A. The Relationship in Principle
			B. The Application
				a. Uniform Tenor of Argumentation
				b. Absence of Governmentless States and Stages of Socio-Economic Development
		3. The State of Nature in Political Society
			A. The Cause-Arbitrary Rule
			B. The Consequence: War Between Political Society and Arbitrary Rulers
	Chapter IV. The Extremities of the Political Condition
		1. The Dissolution of Government and the Dissolution of Society- Connections
		2. The Dissolution of Society
			A. The Moral and Practical Limits of Dissolution through Foreign Conquest
			B. Colonial Conquest and Slavery
				a. Explicit Exception to the Interdict of Annexation
				b. Implicit Limitation of the Universal Applicability of Slavery
		3. Dissolution of Government from Within
			A. The Survival of Society
			B. Democratic Interregnum
		4. Power
			A. The Concept
			B. Might and Right
Part Two: Metapolitics and History
	Chapter V. Property Relations
		1. Limitation of Appropriation
			A. Portents of Capitalism in Retrospective
			B. The Natural Limitations
				a. Validity and Effectiveness
				b. The Effect: Moderate Possessions
		2. The Introduction of Money
			A. The Causal Nexus
			B. Ends and Means
		3. Consent in Property Relations
			A. Contractual Interdependence
			B. Consent as the Function of Freedom
		4. Political and Economic Power
			A. The Inclusion of the Economic in the Political Sphere
				a. The Right of Property-A Natural Right among Others
				b. Law and Freedom
			B. The Supremacy of the Sphere of Politics
				a. Moral Superiority
				b. Purposes of Governmental Interference
				c. Assurances of Governmental Limitation of Distress
	Chapter VI. The Original of Property
		1. The Primeval Community of Things-Grotius and Pufendorf
			A. Positive and Negative Community
			B. Conditions for Negative Community
		2. The Primacy of Private Property: The Rational Argument
			A. The Universal Common for Private Appropriation
				a. God's Gifts and Men's Claims
				b. Usage Requires Individual Appropriation
			B. Private and Collective Ownership
				a. The Unity of Natural Law Ethics
				b. Liberalism Divorced from Socialism
		3. Confirmation of the Primacy of Private Property
			A. The Bible
			B. Philosophy
	Chapter VII. The Foundation of Political Society
		1. Paternal and Political Authority
			A. Paternal and Parental Power
			B. Father and Monarch
				a. The Right over Life and Death
				b. Legislative Authority
				c. Household and Commonwealth
		2. Incorporation by Tacit Consent
			A. Natural and Contractual Foundations
				a. Ius Paternum and Consensus Populi
				b. Voluntariness and Naturalness
				c. The Terms of the Compact
			B. Historical Incorporation-Inevitability and Choice
		3. Reason and History
			A. Precedent
			B. Rational Politics and Common Law Tenets
	Chapter VIII. One-Man Rule in Historical Prespective
		1. Prerequisites for Continuity
			A. Predispositions and Environment
			B. The Ruler's Quality
		2. Absolute Monarchy and Arbitrary Rule
			A. Arbitrary Power and the Form of Government
			B. The Legitimacy of Absolute Monarchy
		3. Royal Absolutism and Filmerism
			A. Lawful Kingship, Tyranny and Usurpation
			B. The Use of Traditionalist Views and the Abuse of Filmer
		Synopsis
Part Three: The Acceptable Regime
	Chapter IX. Individual Consent
		1. Acceptance and Rejection of Membership
			A. Reaffirmation
				a. The Indirect Evidence for Acceptance
				b. The Separability of Property and Political Rights and Obligations
				c. The Dispensability of an Express Declaration
			B. Emigration
				a. The Restriction
				b. The Evidence to the Contrary
		2. Suffrage and Citizenship
			A. Suffrage for the Propertied
				a. The Thesis
				b. The Application
			B. Citizenship for the Propertyless
	Chapter X. Popular Consent-A Theory of Revolutionary Action
		1. The Nature of the People's Judgement
			A. Disapproval of Wrongs Inflicted by Rulers
			B. The Adequacy of Locke's Theory of Consent
				a. Dissent and Consent
				b. Acts and Attitudes
		2. The Majority's Power and Its Use
			A. The Majority Principle and the Greater Force
			B. The Improvidence of the Majority
				a. Support of Arbitrary Rulers and Conquerors
				b. The Will of the Majority: Its Indifference and Forbearance
		3. The Frequency of Revolt
			A. 'Many Revolutions'
			B. Rebellion and Rightful Resistance
		4. Towards a Modern Conception of Revolution
	Chapter XI. Executive and Legislature
		1. Sovereignty
		2. Subordination and Balance of Powers
			A. The Balance of Power and the Balance between the Branches of Government
			B. The Executive's Share in Legislation
			C. Locke-Montesquieu-Madison
		3. The Executive's Prerogatives vis-à-vis the Legislature
			A. Adjournment and Dissolution
			B. The Reform of the Franchise
				a. The Pragmatic Justification
				b. The Incongruous Argument
	Chapter XII. Authoritarian Representation and Constitutionalism
		1. Confrontations
			A. Executive, Legislators and Revolt
			B. Just and Unjust Prerogative
			C. Limitation by Consent and Trust
		2. Specific Conditions and Limitations
			A. Emergency Conditions
			B. Direct Legal Limitation
			C. Indirect Legal Limitation
		3. The Godlike 'Representer'
Bibliography
Index