Spinel Nanoferrites: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering)

Preface
Contents
Progress in Ferrites Materials: The Past, Present, Future and Their Applications
	1 History of Ferrites
	2 Composition of Ferrites
	3 Structure of Ferrites
	4 Magnetic Studies of Ferrites
	5 Applications of Spinel Ferrites
	6 Future Prospects of Spinel Ferrites
	References
Low Loss Soft Ferrites Nanoparticles for Applications Up to S-band
	1 Introduction
	2 Crystal Structure of Soft Ferrites
	3 Low Loss Soft Ferrites
	4 Microwave Properties of Soft Ferrites
	5 Summary
	References
Wet Chemical Synthesis and Processing of Nanoferrites in Terms of Their Shape, Size and Physiochemical Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Sol-gel Method
	3 Solvothermal Method
	4 Thermal Decomposition Method
	5 Co-precipitation Method
	6 Microwave-Assisted Method
	7 Conclusion
	References
Modern Applications of Ferrites: An Important Class of Ferrimagnetic System
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis and Fabrication of Nanomagnetic Ferrites
		2.1 Solid-State Reaction Method
		2.2 Microemulsion Method
		2.3 Combustion Solution Method
		2.4 Sol–gel
		2.5 Mechanical Milling
		2.6 Coprecipitation
	3 Surface Functionalization of Magnetic Nano Ferrites
	4 Applications of Magnetic Ferrites
		4.1 Applications in Biomedical and Bioengineering Fields
		4.2 Applications in Technological and Physical Field
	5 Conclusions
	References
Potential of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis Methods
		2.1 Co-Precipitation
		2.2 Thermal Decomposition
		2.3 Micro-Emulsion
		2.4 Sol–gel
		2.5 Additional Chemical Methods
	3 Surface Modification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
	4 Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
	5 Analysis of the Biocompatibility of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
	6 Use of Iron Oxide for Drug Delivery
		6.1 Transferrin and Its Analogues
		6.2 Antibodies
	7 Anti-EGFR Family
		7.1 Anti-VEGF antibody
	8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
Magnetic Nanoflowers: Synthesis, Formation Mechanism and Hyperthermia Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis Routes of Magnetic Nanoflowers
		2.1 Co-precipitation
		2.2 Hydrothermal Synthesis
		2.3 Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal
		2.4 Polyol Synthesis
	3 Different Types of Magnetic Nanoflowers
		3.1 Magnetic-Oxide Nanoflowers
		3.2 Magnetic Plasmonic Nanoflowers
		3.3 Magnetic@Organic/Inorganic/Metal Ion Nanoflowers:
	4 Theory of Nucleation and Formation of Magnetic Nanoflower
	5 Growth Mechanism and Ostwald Ripening
	6 Magnetic Hyperthermia: Recent Findings on Magnetic Nanoflowers
	7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Based Nanomaterials for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory of Superparamagnetism: Finite-Size Effect and Surface Effect
	3 Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIONs)
		3.1 Coprecipitation
		3.2 Thermal Decomposition
		3.3 Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal
	4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Theoretical Background
		4.1 T1-Weighted Imaging
		4.2 T2- Weighted Imaging
		4.3 Dual-Modal (T1- and T2-) Weighted Imaging
	5 Superparamagnetic Nanomaterials for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications
		5.1 Ferrite-Based SPIONs
		5.2 Magnetic @silica Nanomaterials
		5.3 Magnetic@Plasmonic Nanomaterials
		5.4 Magnetic @Luminescent Nanomaterials
	6 Summary and Future Prospective
	References
Antibacterial Potential of Spinel Ferrites: Current and Future Prospects
	1 Ferrites
		1.1 Types of Ferrites
	2 Spinel Ferrites
		2.1 Structure of Spinel Ferrites
		2.2 Types of Spinel Structure
	3 Antibacterial Activity
	4 Antimicrobial Mechanism of Metallic NPs
		4.1 Entering the Cell
		4.2 Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) Generation
		4.3 Protein Inactivation and DNA Destruction
	5 Detection Methods
		5.1 Viable Plate Count Method
		5.2 Disk Diffusion Method
		5.3 Estimating Bacterial Numbers by Indirect Methods
	6 Antibacterial Activity of Cobalt Ferrite
	7 Doping of Cobalt Ferrites with Metals
		7.1 Silver
		7.2 Copper
		7.3 Cerium
		7.4 Iron
		7.5 Neodymium
		7.6 Zinc
		7.7 Cu, Zn, Mn
		7.8 Polyaniline/Ag
	8 Conclusion
	References
Toxicity Assessment of Nanoferrites
	1 Introduction to the Toxicity of Nanomaterials
		1.1 Nanomaterials and Nanomedicine
		1.2 The Nanomaterials’ Journey in the Body
		1.3 Cell-Nanomaterial Interactions and Cell Stress
		1.4 Nanomaterial Properties and Cytotoxicity
		1.5 In Vitro and in Vivo Methods for Toxicological Examination of Nanoparticles
	2 Toxicity of Iron Oxide Nanomaterials
		2.1 Iron Oxides
		2.2 Magnetic Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine
	3 Toxicity of Nanoferrites
		3.1 Toxicity of Cobalt Nanoferrites
		3.2 Toxicity of Copper Nanoferrites
		3.3 Toxicity of Manganese Nanoferrites
		3.4 Toxicity of Nickel Nanoferrites
		3.5 Toxicity of Zinc Nanoferrites
		3.6 Toxicity of Nanoferrites Containing Other Co-Ions
		3.7 Toxicity of Nanoferrites Containing Mixed Co-Ions
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Spinel Nanoferrites: A Versatile Platform for Environmental Remediation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Water Pollution Current Status and Scenario
		1.2 Major Water Pollutants and Sources
		1.3 Need for Environmental Remediation
		1.4 Various Tools and Recent Developments in Wastewater Remediation
		1.5 Fenton’s Process
	2 Spinel Nanoferrites: A Versatile Tool for Environmental Remediation
		2.1 An Insight into the Crystal Structure of Spinel Nanoferrites
		2.2 Inherent Magnetic Character of Spinel Nanoferrites
	3 Pure Spinel Nanoferrites as Catalyst for Environmental Remediation
		3.1 Factors Affecting the Catalytic Activity of Spinel Nanoferrites
		3.2 Possible Modifications in Spinel Nanoferrites
		3.3 Surface Functionalization
	4 Proposed Pathway for Degradation of Pollutants Using Spinel Nanoferrites
	5 Use of Magnetic Spinel Ferrites as Photo-Fenton Catalyst Using Diverse Oxidants
	6 Conclusion and Future Perspective
	References
New Chemical Modified of Rice Straw with CoFe2O4 Ferrite Nanocomposite for Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption from Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Preparation of Adsorbent Materials
	3 Characterization Methods and Instrumentation
		3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
		3.2 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
		3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
		3.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
		3.5 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
		3.6 Method of Treatment-Removal of Heavy Metals:
		3.7 Desorption and Reusability
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Characterization of Biosorbent: FTIR Study of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles
		4.2 FTIR of Rice Straw Before and After Treatment
		4.3 X-ray Diffraction
		4.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy
		4.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy
	5 Removal Efficiency of Heavy Metals by Using Raw and Modified Rice Straw
		5.1 Iron (Fe)
		5.2 Manganese (Mn)
		5.3 Copper (Cu)
		5.4 Cadmium (Cd)
		5.5 Zinc (Zn)
		5.6 Nickel (Ni)
		5.7 Lead (Pb)
	6 Effect of Adsorbent Weight
	7 Effect of Contact Time
	8 Adsorption Mechanism
	9 Conclusion
	References
Magnetic Ferrites-Based Hybrids Structures for the Heavy Metal Removal
	1 Introduction
	2 Magnetic Materials
		2.1 Ferrites
	3 Synthetic Routes of Preparation of Magnetic NPs
		3.1 Mechanical Milling Method
		3.2 Co-precipitation Method
		3.3 Sol–Gel Method
		3.4 Polyol Method
		3.5 Green Synthesis
	4 Purification of Water from Heavy Metals
		4.1 Pseudo-Kinetic Models and Adsorption Isotherms
		4.2 Adsorption Isotherms
	5 Magnetic Hybrid Ferrites as Adsorbent
	6 Conclusion
	References
Ferrites as an Alternative Source of Renewable Energy for Hydroelectric Cell
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept of Hydroelectric Cell
	3 Preparation and Characterizations of the Hydroelectric Cell
	4 Overview of Different Materials for Hydroelectric Cell
	5 Ferrites-Based Hydroelectric Cell and Its Applications
	6 Summary and Future Directions
	References
State of Art of Spinel Ferrites Enabled Humidity Sensors
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Mechanism of Humidity Sensing in Ceramic Sensors
	3 Protonic Conduction in Spinel Ferrite Humidity Sensors
	4 Main Parameters of Humidity Sensors
	5 Basic Synthesis and Characterizations Techniques for Humidity Sensors
	6 Spinel Nanoferrites for Humidity Sensors
	7 Summary and Future Directions
	References