Spine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management, 2nd Edition

Cover......Page 1
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 18
Conflict of Interest......Page 26
1\rHistory......Page 27
2\rHistory of Spinal\rInstrumentation:\rThe Modern Era......Page 48
3\rDifferential Diagnosis\rof Surgical Disorders of\rthe Spine......Page 59
4\rAnatomy and\rPhysiology of\rCongenital Spinal\rLesions......Page 87
5\rAnatomy and\rPathophysiology of\rAcquired Spinal Lesions......Page 114
6\rNeural Injury at the\rMolecular Level......Page 126
7\rPractical Anatomy and\rFundamental\rBiomechanics......Page 135
8\rPhysical and\rNeurologic Examination......Page 162
9\rSpinal Masqueraders......Page 170
10\rPathophysiology of\rCervical Myelopathy:\rBiomechanical\rConcepts......Page 186
11 Biology of Spine Fusion......Page 195
12 Spine Fusion: Anatomy\rand Biomechanics of\rBone-Bone Interface......Page 206
13 Bone Void Fillers: Bone\rand Bone Substitutes......Page 218
14 Osteointegration\r(Osseointegration)......Page 230
15 Materials and Material\rProperties......Page 239
16 Biomechanical Testing......Page 246
17 Fundamentals of Spine\rSurgery......Page 254
18 Preoperative and\rSurgical Planning for\rAvoiding Complications......Page 259
19 Data Management......Page 268
20 Education and\rKnowledge-Base\rAcquisition and\rRetention......Page 278
21 Occipital Cervical\rRegion......Page 285
22 The Cervical Spine\rand Cervicothoracic\rJunction......Page 295
23 Thoracic Spine......Page 307
24 The Lumbar and Sacral\rSpine......Page 320
25 Upper Cervical and\rCraniocervical\rDecompression......Page 345
26 Upper Cervical and\rOccipitocervical\rArthrodesis......Page 355
27 Ventral and\rVentrolateral Subaxial\rDecompression......Page 367
28 Single and Multiple-\rSingle Interbody Fusion\rTechniques......Page 377
29 Threaded Interbody\rCage Fixation for\rCervical Spondylosis\rand Ossification of the\rPosterior Longitudinal\rLigament......Page 389
30 Interbody Strut\rTechniques......Page 396
31 Interbody Cages......Page 404
32 Cervical Laminotomy,\rLaminectomy,\rLaminoplasty,\rand Foraminotomy......Page 413
33 Interspinous, Laminar,\rand Facet Fusion......Page 421
34 Combined Ventral-Dorsal\rProcedure......Page 428
35 Ventral and\rVentrolateral Spine\rDecompression and\rFusion......Page 433
36 Lateral Extracavitary\rDecompression......Page 455
37 Retropleural Approach\rto the Ventral Thoracic\rand Thoracolumbar\rSpine......Page 461
28 Laminotomy,\rLaminectomy,\rLaminoplasty,\rand Foraminotomy......Page 473
39 Posterior Lumbar\rInterbody Fusion......Page 478
40 Anterior Lumbar\rInterbody Fusion......Page 500
41 Lumbar Interbody Cages......Page 515
42 Dorsal and Lateral\rThoracic and Lumbar\rFusion......Page 526
43 Trauma Surgery:\rOccipitocervical\rJunction......Page 538
44 Trauma Surgery:\rCervical Spine......Page 552
45 Trauma Surgery:\rThoracic and\rThoracolumbar Spine......Page 570
46 Trauma Surgery:\rFractures of the Lumbar\rand Sacral Spine......Page 589
47 Cervical Discectomy......Page 599
48 Thoracic Discectomy......Page 608
49 Lumbar Discectomy......Page 627
50 Percutaneous\rApproaches to Lumbar\rDiscectomy......Page 645
51 The Black Disc......Page 652
52 Cervical Spondylosis......Page 659
53 Thoracic and Lumbar\rSpondylosis......Page 668
54 Spondylolisthesis:\rSagittal Plane Lumbar\rSpine Deformity\rCorrection......Page 681
55 Degenerative Rotatory\rScoliosis: Coronal\rPlane Lumbar Spine\rDeformity Correction......Page 701
56 Rheumatoid Arthritis......Page 710
57 Ankylosing Spondylitis\rand Related Disorders......Page 729
58 Ossification of the\rPosterior Longitudinal\rLigament......Page 755
59 Scheuermann’s Disease......Page 770
60 Craniocervical Junction\rDeformities......Page 781
61 Subaxial Cervical\rDeformities......Page 794
62 Cervical Facet\rDislocations: A Ventral\rSurgical Strategy for\rDecompression,\rReduction, and\rStabilization......Page 808
63 Kyphotic Cervical\rDeformity Correction......Page 814
64 Thoracic and Lumbar\rDeformities......Page 822
65 Pediatric Spinal\rDeformities......Page 850
66 Deformity Correction......Page 902
67 Deformity Surgery:\rThoracic and Lumbar......Page 919
68 Ankylosing Spondylitis......Page 957
69 Intramedullary Spinal\rCord Lesions......Page 965
70 Intradural\rExtramedullary Spinal\rLesions......Page 974
71 Spinal Intradural\rVascular Malformations......Page 987
72 Spinal Dural Vascular\rMalformations......Page 996
73 Cauda Equina Syndrome......Page 1004
74 Primary Bony Spinal\rLesions......Page 1018
75 Primary Bony Spinal\rLesions: Surgery for\rCure......Page 1041
76 Metastatic Spine\rTumors......Page 1051
77 Metabolic Bone\rDisease......Page 1088
78 Foramen Magnum\rLesions......Page 1117
79 Sacral Lesions......Page 1133
80 Tarlov Cysts......Page 1150
81 Occult Spinal\rDysraphism and the\rTethered Spinal Cord......Page 1157
82 Myelomeningocele and\rAssociated Anomalies......Page 1172
83 Anterior Sacral\rMeningocele......Page 1182
84 Chiari Malformation\rand Syringomyelia......Page 1192
85 Chiari Malformation\rand Chronic Fatigue\rSyndrome/Fibromyalgia:\rA Paradigm for Care......Page 1211
86 Evaluation of the\rCervical Spine after\rTrauma......Page 1219
87 Revascularization and\rScar Prevention:\rOmental Transposition\rand Spine Surgery......Page 1228
88 Spinal Wound Closure......Page 1236
89 Spinal Reoperations......Page 1247
90 Penetrating Spinal Cord\rInjuries......Page 1252
91 Vascularized Bone\rGrafts in Spine Surgery......Page 1260
92 Pain and Spasticity......Page 1265
93 Bone Graft Harvesting......Page 1279
94 Timing of Spinal\rSurgery: Argument for\rElective Surgery......Page 1288
95 Minimally Invasive\rSpinal Decompression\rand Stabilization\rTechniques I......Page 1293
96 Minimally Invasive\rSpinal Decompression\rand Stabilization\rTechniques II......Page 1300
97 Vertebroplasty and\rKyphoplasty......Page 1335
98 The Obese Patient......Page 1346
99 Smoking, the Spine,\rand Spinal Fusion......Page 1359
100 The Geriatric Patient......Page 1371
101 Surgery of the\rSympathetic Nervous\rSystem......Page 1383
102 The Value of Surgical\rIntervention in Spinal\rTrauma......Page 1393
103 Trauma Nonoperative\rManagement......Page 1399
104 Complications of\rPeripheral Nerve\rSurgery......Page 1405
105 Basic Biomechanically\rRelevant Anatomy......Page 1423
106 Spinal Implant\rAttributes: Distraction,\rCompression, and\rThree-Point Bending......Page 1437
107 Spinal Implant\rAttributes: Cantilever\rBeam Fixation......Page 1444
108 Spinal Implant\rAttributes: Dynamic\rSpine Fixation......Page 1456
109 Biomechanics of\rMechanical Motion\rPreservation Strategies......Page 1460
110 Upper Cervical Screw\rFixation Techniques......Page 1470
111 High Cervical and\rOccipitocervical Plate,\rRod, Wire, and Bone\rTechniques......Page 1488
112 Ventral Subaxial\rCervical Fixation\rTechniques......Page 1495
113 Subsidence and\rDynamic Cervical Spine\rStabilization......Page 1503
114 Ventral and Lateral\rThoracic and Lumbar\rFixation Techniques......Page 1512
115 Dorsal Subaxial\rCervical\rInstrumentation\rTechniques......Page 1530
116 Dorsal Thoracic\rand Lumbar Screw\rFixation and Pedicle\rFixation Techniques......Page 1544
117 Dorsal Thoracic and\rLumbar Simple\rHook-Rod, Wire, and\rWire-Rod Techniques......Page 1555
118 Dorsal Thoracic and\rLumbar Universal Spinal\rInstrumentation\rTechniques......Page 1563
119 Dorsal Thoracic and\rLumbar Combined and\rComplex Techniques......Page 1577
120 Complex\rLumbosacropelvic\rFixation Techniques......Page 1602
121 Iatrogenic Spine\rDestabilization......Page 1612
122 Cervical Spine\rConstruct Design......Page 1622
123 Thoracic and Lumbar\rSpine Construct Design......Page 1635
124 Fundamentals of Spine\rDeformity and\rCorrection......Page 1643
125 Artificial Disc\rProsthesis for the\rCervical Spine......Page 1653
126 Artificial Disc—Lumbar......Page 1665
127 Surgical Incisions,\rPositioning,\rand Retraction......Page 1681
128 Blood Loss......Page 1704
129 Imaging: Trauma......Page 1710
130 Degenerative Disease\rand Infection:\rRole of Imaging......Page 1732
131 Preoperative Imaging\rfor Thoracic and\rLumbar Spine Surgery......Page 1760
132 Postoperative Imaging......Page 1794
133 Intraoperative Imaging\rof the Spine......Page 1804
134 Stereotactic\rRadiosurgery of the\rSpine......Page 1814
135 Somatosensory Evoked\rPotential for Spine\rSurgery......Page 1823
136 Electronic Diagnostic\rStudies......Page 1829
137 Spine Surgery\rMonitoring......Page 1838
138 Intraoperative\rNonparalytic\rMonitoring......Page 1846
139 Anesthesia......Page 1849
140 Perioperative\rManagement......Page 1863
141 Medical Management\rof the Patient with\rSpinal Cord Injury......Page 1881
142 Nutritional Care of the\rSpinal Cord Injured\rPatient......Page 1899
143 Skin and Wound Care......Page 1913
144 Medical Management\rof Adult and Pediatric\rSpinal Cord Injury......Page 1926
145 Spinal Traction......Page 1931
146 Orthoses: Complication\rPrevention and\rManagement......Page 1941
147 Athlete with Spinal\rInjury......Page 1961
148 Nonoperative\rManagement of Neck\rand Back Pain......Page 1980
148 Intradiscal\rElectrothermal Therapy......Page 1990
150 Neurologic\rComplications......Page 1996
151 Vascular and Soft\rTissue Complications......Page 2004
152 Postoperative Spinal\rDeformities......Page 2014
153 Arachnoiditis......Page 2030
154 Infectious\rComplications of Spine\rSurgery......Page 2039
155 Medical Complications......Page 2053
156 Cerebrospinal Fluid\rFistula and\rPseudomeningocele\rAfter Spine Surgery......Page 2059
157 Nonunion......Page 2069
158 Ventral Cervical\rDecompression and\rFusion: To Plate or Not\rto Plate......Page 2083
159 Cervical Spondylosis\rwith Minimal\rMyelopathy: To\rDecompress or Not\rto Decompress......Page 2091
160 Bilateral Locked\rCervical Facets with\rIncomplete Myelopathy:\rOpen Versus Closed\rReduction......Page 2094
161 Cervical Spine Fusion:\rAllograft Versus\rAutograft......Page 2098
162 Thoracic and\rThoracolumbar Spine\rFractures with Ventral\rMass Lesion: Ventral\rVersus Dorsal Operation......Page 2102
163 Reoperation for Failed\rSpinal Fusion:\rAugmentation of Fusion\rwith Spinal Stimulation......Page 2106
164 Management of a\rPatient with\rThoracolumbar Fracture\rwith Complete\rMyelopathy and a\r40-Degree Kyphotic\rDeformity: Operative or\rRecumbent\rManagement......Page 2115
165 Management of\rSymptomatic\rOsteoporotic Vertebral\rCompression......Page 2118
166 Management of\rOssification of\rPosterior Longitudinal\rLigament......Page 2129
167 Spondylotic Myelopathy\rwith Cervical Kyphotic\rDeformity......Page 2152
168 Management of\rCervical Disc\rHerniation......Page 2163
169 Ethical and\rMedicolegal Aspects of\rSpine Surgery......Page 2193
170 Economics and\rPractice Management......Page 2199
171 The Rationale for\rPractice Hygiene:\rCoding,\rReimbursement,\rand Nomenclature......Page 2212
172 Intraoperative Crisis\rManagement in Spine\rSurgery: What To Do\rWhen Things Go Bad......Page 2220
Index......Page 2232