Special Economic Zones: Economic Development in Africa

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Author, Editors and Reviewers
List of Tables
List of Boxes
Part I: Introduction
	Chapter 1: Special Economic Zones Unpacked
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 The Context of Special Economic Zones
		1.3 The Rationale of Special Economic Zones
		1.4 Overview of Global Special Economic Zones
			Asia
			China
			Latin America and the Caribbean
			Africa
			Transition Economies
			Developed Economies
		1.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 2: Overview of Special Economic Zones in Africa
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 An Overview of Special Economic Zones in Africa
			Special Economic Zones in Existence and Incentives Offered
			Activities in Special Economic Zones
			Cooperation Between China and Africa on Special Economic Zones in Africa
				China’s Role in Special Economic Zones in Africa: Case Studies
					Ethiopia
						Bole Lemi Industrial Zone
						Eastern Industrial Zone
					Nigeria
						Lekki Free Zone
						Lagos Free Trade Zone
					Zambia
						Lusaka South Multi-Facility Economic Zone
						Zambia–China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone
						Chambishi Multi-Facility Economic Zone
						Lusaka East Multi-Facility Economic Zone
		2.3 Conclusion
		Annexure 2.1: SEZs in Sub-Saharan Africa
		References
Part II: Role of Governments and Policy Compatibility
	Chapter 3: Regulatory and Institutional Framework of Special Economic Zones
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 The National Regulatory Framework
			Overall Regulatory Framework
			The Special Economic Zones Laws
				Content of the Special Economic Zones Laws
				Definition of Special Economic Zones
				Objectives of Special Economic Zones and Targeted Sectors
				Investment Attraction Tools in Special Economic Zones Laws
				Establishment and Operational Requirements for Special Economic Zone Users
		3.3 Institutional Set-up of Special Economic Zones
			Key Stakeholders in Special Economic Zones
			Institutional Models in Establishing Special Economic Zones
		3.4 International Regulations and Special Economic Zones
			Nexus between International Investment Agreements (IIA) and Special Economic Zones
			Nexus between World Trade Organization and Special Economic Zones
			Nexus between Regional Trade Agreements and Special Economic Zones
		3.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Guidelines for Special Economic Zones Development and Collaboration: Evidence from Asia
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Guidelines for Special Economic Zones Development and Collaboration
			Promotion of Clear Development Strategy
				Specific Binding Constraints That Must Be Addressed by the Zone
				Set Measurable and Time-Bound Objectives
				Special Economic Zones as a Framework for Testing and Catalysing Economic Reforms
				Foster Coherence Between Investment Policy Framework and Special Economic Zones
				Promote Linkages Between Investors and the Domestic Economy
				Ensure Coherence and Cost-Efficiency of Incentives
				Engaging Anchor Investors and Other Stakeholders in the Design Phase
				Clarification and Separation of Roles and Responsibilities of Institutions
				Synchronising Legislation with Institutions and Regulations
				Ensure Compliance of Infrastructure Investors in SEZs Domestic Regulations with Regional Trade Agreements
				Ensure Measurable and Sustainable Monitoring and Evaluation of the Zone Programme
		4.3 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 5: The Nexus Between Investment Policy Framework and Sustainable Development
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Embedding Investment Policy in Development Strategy
			Defining the Role of Public, Private, Domestic and Foreign Direct Investment
			Harnessing Investment for Productive Capacity Building and Enhancing International Competitiveness
				Human Resources and Skills Development
				Technology and Technical Know-How
				Infrastructure
				Enterprise Development
		5.3 Designing Policies for Responsible Investment and Sustainable Development
		5.4 Implementation and Institutional Mechanisms for Policy Effectiveness
		5.5 National Policy Guidelines
		5.6 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Impacts of Special Economic Zones
	Chapter 6: The Impact of Special Economic Zones
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 Conceptual Framework of a Sustainable Development Impact Assessment of Special Economic Zones
		6.3 Direct and Indirect Economic Contributions of Special Economic Zones
			Investment Attraction
			Export Generation and Diversification
			Direct and Indirect Employment Creation
			Overall Economic Growth Impact
		6.4 The Nexus Between Special Economic Zones Costs and Revenues
		6.5 Dynamic Zone Contributions: Industrial Development and Upgrading
		6.6 Social and Environmental Impacts
		6.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: Outcomes in Special Economic Zones in Africa
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Assessment of the Performance of Special Economic Zones in Africa
			Static Economic Outcomes in African Zones
				Impact of Special Economic Zones on Investment
				Impact of Special Economic Zones on Exports
				Impact of Special Economic Zones on Employment
			Dynamic Outcomes of Special Economic Zones in Africa
			Socio-economic Outcomes in African Zones
				Quality of Employment and Protection of Workers’ Rights
				Gender-Differentiated Impacts
		7.3 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Critical Factors for Special Economic Zones’ Success and Failure
	Chapter 8: Critical Success Factors of Special Economic Zones
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 The Context and the Framework for Sustainable Special Economic Zone Programmes
		8.3 Strategies and Policy Consideration for Effective Implementation of Zones
			Value Proposition
			Infrastructure and Services Are Key for Zone Success
			Experimentation and a Gradual Approach
			Government Commitment
			Strategic Sector and Firm Targeting
			Pursuit of Linkages and Spillovers
		8.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: Special Economic Zones: Showcasing Success and Failures
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 Special Economic Zones and Economic Transformation
		9.3 The Integrated Institutional Framework of Special Economic Zones: Three Pillars
			Aligning Special Economic Zones with National Development Strategy
				Understanding the Rationale of Special Economic Zones
				Aligning Special Economic Zones with National Development Strategies
			Strategic Dynamism
			Strategic Implementation
		9.4 The Integrated Institutional Framework and the Global Experience
			Most Successful Countries
			Not So Successful Countries
				Lack of Integration Between Development Planning and SEZs
				Lack of Dynamism in SEZ Approach
				Implementation
			Least Successful Countries
		9.5 Conclusion
		References
Part V: What Can Africa Learn from China and Other Asian Countries About Special Economic Zones
	Chapter 10: Chinese Experiences on Special Economic Zones
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Overview of Special Economic Zones in China
			High-Tech Industrial Development Zones
			Free Trade Zones
			Export-Processing Zones
		10.3 Contributions of Special Economic Zones to China’s Development
			Contribution to Gross Domestic Product
			Contribution to Foreign Investment
			Contribution to Employment
			Contribution to High Technology
		10.4 Major Factors for Success and Lessons Learned
			Strong Commitment to Reform and Pragmatism from Top Leadership
			Preferential Policies and Institutional Autonomy
			Strong Support and Proactive Participation of Governments
			Land Reforms
			Foreign Direct Investment and the Chinese Diaspora
			Technology Learning, Innovation, Upgrading and Strong Links with the Domestic Economy
			Innovative Cultures
			Clear Objectives, Benchmarks and Intense Competition
			Location Advantages
		10.5 Conclusion
		References
Part VI: Conclusions and Way Forward
	Chapter 11: Towards a New Generation of Special Economic Zones
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Lessons Learned from Special Economic Zones Experience
			Special Economic Zone Programme Design
			Special Economic Zone Operations
			Optimising Development Impact
			Systemic and Strategic Considerations
		11.3 A Forward-Looking Perspective
		11.4 Sustainable Development Goals Model Zones
		11.5 Conclusion
		References
Index