Speaking Spanish in the US: The Sociopolitics of Language

Speaking Spanish in the US
Contents
	Tables and Figures
	Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Speaking Spanish in the US
	Objectives
	Introduction
	An Interdisciplinary Sociopolitical Approach
	Linguistic Variation and Language Varieties
	Social Constructionism
	Critical Approaches
	A Few Words about Terminology
	Overview of Chapters
	Notes
Chapter 2. An Introduction to Speaking Spanish in the US
	Objectives
	Introduction
	A Statistical Portrait of Spanish in the US
	National Origin Groups
	Statistics on Language Ability and Use
	The English-speaking Ability of Spanish-speakers and Latinxs
	The Desire to Maintain Spanish and the Sorrow of Language Loss
	Factors Impacting Language Maintenance and Shift
	Spanish Language Maintenance and Shift in the US
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 2
	Note
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 3. Chapter 3 The History of Spanish and Spanish-speakers in the US
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Spanish Colonization in North America and the Caribbean
	US Expansionism and Spanish in the US
	Black and White Legends, Hispanophilia and Oñate’s Foot
	(Im)migration and Spanish in the US
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 3
	Note
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 4. Chapter 4 Language Ideologies
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Language Ideology Defined
	Hegemony and Symbolic Domination
	Language Ideologies: Bridging the Linguistic and the Social
	The Consequences of Language Ideologies: Power, Politics and Policy
	The Standard Language Ideology
	The One Nation–One Language Ideology
	Normative Monolingualism and the Zero-sum Ideology
	Monoglossic and Heteroglossic Ideologies
	Language Commodifi cation and Instrumentality
	Differential Bilingualism
	The Relative Worth of English and Spanish
	Spanish as Essential to Latinx Identity versus Language as a Choice
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 4
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 5. Race, Racialization and Latinx Ethnoracial Identity
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Race as a Social Construct
	Racialization
	The Racialization of Spanish
	Variability in the Construction of Race
	Race versus Ethnicity
	Race in Latin America
	Comparing Constructions of Race in Latin America and the US
	Migration and Racial Identities
	The Ethnoracial Identity of Latinxs in the US Census and Beyond
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 5
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 6. Language and Identity
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Identities
	The Linguistic Construction of Social Identities
	Indexicality and Identity
	Multilingual Practices and Identity
	Multiple and Intersectional Identities
	Mock Spanish
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 6
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 7. Spanish and Spanish-speakers in US Media
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Stereotypical Portrayals of Latinxs
	Latinxs and Spanish-speakers in English Language Media
	Latinxs in English Language News
	Representing Latinx Language Use: Monolingual Norms and Deviant Behavior
	Constructing the Latinx Audience: Spanish Language Media and Beyond
	Spanish in Linguistic Landscapes
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 7
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 8. Language Policy and Spanish in the US
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Language Planning and Policy
	Orientations to Language in Planning and Policy
	Historical Perspectives on Language Policy in the US
	Language and Civil Rights in the US
	Official English
	Language Policy in Puerto Rico
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 8
	Notes
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 9. Spanish in US Schools
	Objectives
	Introduction
	A Short History of Minority Language Schooling in the US
	Educating English Language Learners: Program Types
	Effectiveness of Bilingual and Dual Language Education Programs
	Spanish as a Second or Additional Language
	Spanish for Heritage Speakers
	Language Ideologies in Education
	Critical Pedagogical Approaches to Language Education
	Educating Diverse Populations: Beyond Language Differences
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 9
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 10. Structural Aspects of Speaking Spanish in the US
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Varieties of Spanish in the US
	Language Contact Phenomena
	Spanglish
	Language Contact Phenomena Defi ned
	Convergence? Focus on Pronouns
	Contact between Varieties of Spanish
	Beyond English and Spanish
	Latinx Englishes
	Attitudes toward Varieties of Spanish and English
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 10
	Note
	Further Reading and Resources
Chapter 11. The Future of Spanish in the US
	Objectives
	Introduction
	Demographics, Maintenance and Shift
	History and Immigration
	Language Ideologies
	Race and Ethnicity
	Identity
	Media
	Policy
	Education
	Linguistic Features
	Conclusions and Connections
	Discussion Questions and Activities for Chapter 11
	Note
Glossary
References
Index