Spatial Ecological-Economic Analysis for Wetland Management: Modelling and Scenario Evaluation of Land Use

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Figures......Page 10
Tables......Page 12
Preface......Page 15
1.1 Problems, policy and management of wetlands......Page 17
1.2 What are wetlands?......Page 19
1.3 Wetlands in the Netherlands......Page 21
1.4 Wetland research......Page 24
1.5 Scope and objectives......Page 26
1.6 Outline of the book......Page 29
2.2.1 Processes and characteristics of hydrological systems......Page 31
Saline wetlands......Page 35
Freshwater riparian wetlands......Page 36
Wetlands affected or created by humans......Page 37
2.2.3 Soil characteristics and processes......Page 38
2.2.4 Ecology......Page 40
2.2.5 Functions of, and processes in, wetlands......Page 45
2.2.6 Ecological evaluation of wetlands......Page 47
Diversity......Page 48
Human benefits......Page 49
2.2.7 Assessment of environmental quality......Page 50
2.3.1 History and scope......Page 52
2.3.2 An overview of themes addressed by environmental economics......Page 53
2.3.3 Ecological versus traditional environmental economics......Page 59
2.4 Natural--social science integration......Page 65
2.5 Conclusions......Page 69
3.1 Introduction......Page 71
3.2 Integrated modelling......Page 73
3.3 Spatial modelling......Page 78
3.4 Integrated modelling and monetary valuation......Page 85
Investment costs......Page 87
Benefits associated with future use values......Page 88
Costs of replacing a wetland function......Page 89
3.5.1 The role and use of indicators......Page 91
Step 1. Definition of information need......Page 92
Step 4. Data availability......Page 93
Step 5. Selection of assessment and aggregation method......Page 94
Step 6. Selection of final set of indicators......Page 95
3.6 Evaluation......Page 96
3.7 Conclusions......Page 97
4.1 Objective and approach......Page 99
4.2 Three integration levels......Page 101
4.3 Spatial dimension......Page 103
4.4 Relevance for policy and management......Page 104
5.1 Description of the area......Page 105
5.2 Historical development of the area......Page 106
5.3 Threats to the wetlands......Page 112
5.4 Economic activities......Page 114
5.5 Policy and management in the Vecht area......Page 115
5.5.1 International and national policies......Page 116
Abstraction of drinking water......Page 117
Restoration projects......Page 118
5.5.3 Land reallotment......Page 119
5.6 Conclusions......Page 120
6.1 Introduction......Page 122
6.3 Scenario II: stimulation of agriculture (Agriculture scenario)......Page 125
6.4 Scenario III: stimulation of nature (Nature scenario)......Page 126
6.5 Scenario IV: stimulation of recreation (Recreation scenario)......Page 128
Appendix 6.1 List of polders......Page 130
7.1 Introduction......Page 132
7.2 The hydrological quantity model......Page 133
7.3 The hydrological quality model......Page 137
7.4 The ecological model......Page 139
7.5 Modelling results......Page 142
8.1 Introduction......Page 145
Present situation......Page 147
8.2.2 Nature conservation......Page 148
Benefits of outdoor recreation based on spending on recreation......Page 150
Summary of financial benefits of outdoor recreation......Page 151
Costs of stimulating recreation......Page 152
8.3.2 Stimulation of nature......Page 153
8.3.3 Stimulation of recreation......Page 155
8.4 Economic benefits of nature and recreation......Page 159
8.5 Summary of modelling results......Page 162
Appendix 8.1 Calculation of economic and nutrient variables under the Agriculture scenario......Page 164
Appendix 8.2 Outdoor recreation data......Page 166
Appendix 8.3 Economic scenario results on a polder level......Page 168
9.1 Introduction......Page 178
9.2.1 Conceptual approach......Page 179
Ecosystem process......Page 181
Ecosystem structure......Page 182
Resilience......Page 183
9.2.2 Construction of indicators and index......Page 185
Step 1: identification of species......Page 186
Step 3: mean of standardised probabilities......Page 187
Step 4: spatial aggregation......Page 188
9.2.3 Results and interpretation......Page 189
9.3 Performance indicators for spatial equity......Page 193
9.4 Conclusions......Page 197
Appendix 9.1 Full list of species identified......Page 198
Appendix 9.2 Environmental quality and economic welfare indices on a polder level......Page 203
10.2 Point evaluation......Page 210
10.3 Spatial evaluation......Page 215
10.4 Conclusions......Page 220
11.2 Method of integrated research......Page 223
The natural science modelling linked three models.......Page 224
11.4 Economic analysis and results......Page 225
11.5 Indicators, spatial evaluation and scenario ranking......Page 227
11.6 Further research......Page 228
References......Page 230
Index......Page 250