Space Mission Engineering - The New SMAD

Table of Contents:

PART I—SPACE MISSION ENGINEERING 

1. Introduction 

     1.1 What is Space Mission Engineering?

     1.2 History of Spaceflight

     1.3 Spaceflight Technology

     1.4 Spaceflight Economics

     1.5 The Wide Range of Space Mission Applications

     1.6 Sources of More information

2. Space Mission Communities

     2.1 Multiple Space Communities

     2.2 Differences and Similarities Between Communities

     2.3 Changing Missions 

3. Space Mission Engineering

     3.1 The Space Mission Engineering Process

     3.2 FireSat II and the Supplemental Communications System (SCS)

     3.3 Mission Objectives and Constraints (Step 1)

     3.4 Principal Players and Program Timescales (Steps 2 and 3)

     3.5 Preliminary Estimate of Mission Needs, Requirements, and Constraints (Step 4) 

4. Mission Concept Definition and Exploration

     4.1 Defining Alternative Mission Architectures (Step 5)—Choosing the Pieces

     4.2 Defining Alternative Mission Concepts (Step 6)— How the Pieces Work Together

     4.3 Introduction to Concept Exploration

     4.4 Defining System Drivers and Critical Requirements (Step 7) 

5. Mission Analysis and Mission Utility

     5.1 Introduction to Mission Analysis

     5.2 Studies with Limited Scope

     5.3 System Trade Studies and Performance Assessments (Step 8)

     5.4 Mission Utility and Figures of Merit— Is the Mission Worthwhile? (Step 9)

     5.5 Defining the Baseline Mission Concepts, Revising Requirements and Evaluating Alternatives (Steps 10–12)

     5.6 Examples: FireSat II and SCS

     5.7 Deciding Whether a Mission Should Proceed 

6. Formal Requirements Definition

     6.1 The Requirements Definition Process

     6.2 Budgeting, Allocation, and Flow-Down

     6.3 Introduction to Error Analysis

     6.4 Specifications and Requirements Documentation

     6.5 System Engineering Tools

     6.6 The Role of Standards in Space Systems Development

     6.7 Are Requirements Needed?—Capability-Based vs. Requirements-Based Systems 

7. The Space Environment

     7.1 The Space Environment and Space Weather

     7.2 The Earth’s Magnetic Field

     7.3 Radiation Belts

     7.4 Microgravity

     7.5 Orbital Debris

8. Space Mission Geometry

     8.1 Introduction to Space Mission Geometry

     8.2 Applications

     8.3 Looking at the Earth from Space

     8.4 Computing Parameters for a Single Target or Ground Station Pass

     8.5 Satellite Relative Motion

     8.6 Mapping and Pointing Budgets

9. Orbits and Astrodynamics

     9.1 Keplerian Orbits

     9.2 Orbits of the Moon and Planets

     9.3 Spacecraft Orbit Terminology

     9.4 Orbit Perturbations, Geopotential Models, and Satellite Decay

     9.5 Specialized Orbits

     9.6 Orbit Maneuvers

     9.7 Summary—The Rules of Practical Astrodynamics

10. Orbit and Constellation Design—Selecting the Right Orbit

     10.1 The Orbit Selection and Design Process

     10.2 Orbit Performance—Evaluating Earth Coverage and Payload Performance

     10.3 Orbit Cost—Delta V Budget and the Orbit Cost Function

     10.4 Selecting Earth-Referenced Orbits

     10.5 Selecting Transfer, Parking, and Space-Referenced Orbits

     10.6 Summary of Constellation Design

     10.7 Design of Interplanetary Orbits

11. Cost Estimating

     11.1 Introduction to Cost Estimating

     11.2 Estimating Tools

     11.3 Other Considerations in the Cost Estimate

     11.4 Example Space Mission Estimates

12. Space System Financing and Space Law

     12.1 Sources of Space Financing

     12.2 GAAP, Amortization and Return on Investment (ROI)

     12.3 Law and Policy Considerations

13. Reducing Space Mission Cost and Schedule

     13.1 The Need to Reinvent Space

     13.2 It’s Possible, but It Isn’t Easy

     13.3 Counterproductive Approaches to Reducing Cost

     13.4 Cost vs. Reliability—Focusing on Mission Objectives

     13.5 Principal Methods for Reducing Cost and Schedule

     13.6 Avoiding Cost and Schedule Overruns

 

PART II—SPACECRAFT AND PAYLOAD DESIGN

14. Overview of Spacecraft Design

     14.1 The Spacecraft Design Process

     14.2 Spacecraft System Design Drivers

     14.3 Spacecraft Configuration Alternatives

     14.4 Partitioning Spacecraft into Subsystems

     14.5 Creating Preliminary Spacecraft Budgets

     14.6 Design Evolution

     14.7 Examples

     14.8 Future of Spacecraft Design

15. Overview of Payload Design

     15.1 Types of Space Payloads

     15.2 Mission System Concept or Subject Trade— What is the System Measuring or Working With?

     15.3 Payload Design

     15.4 The Electromagnetic Spectrum

     15.5 Examples

16. Communications Payloads

     16.1 Space Mission Communications Architectures

     16.2 Communication Link Analysis

     16.3 Communications Payload Design

     16.4 Sample Missions

17. Observation Payloads

     17.1 Observation Payload Design

     17.2 Observation Payload Sizing

     17.3 Sample Mission–VIIRS

     17.4 The Evolution of Observation Payloads

18. Spacecraft Subsystems I—Propulsion

     18.1 Basic Rocket Equations

     18.2 Staging

     18.3 Chemical Propulsion Systems

     18.4 Plume Considerations

     18.5 System Design Elements

     18.6 Electric Propulsion

     18.7 Alternative Propulsion Systems for In-Space Use

     18.8 Examples

19. Spacecraft Subsystems II—Control Systems

     19.1 Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control Systems

     19.2 Spacecraft Trajectory Navigation and Control Systems

     20. Spacecraft Subsystems III—On-Board Processing

     20.1 Computer System Baseline

     20.2 Preliminary Design

     20.3 FireSat II Example

     20.4 Modular Approaches to Processing

21. Spacecraft Subsystems IV—Communications and Power

     21.1 Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C)

     21.2 Power 22. Spacecraft Subsystems V—Structures and Thermal

     22.1 Spacecraft Structures and Mechanisms

     22.2 Spacecraft Thermal Control

23. Space Logistics and Manufacturing

     23.1 LEO Communications Constellations

     23.2 LEO Monolithic vs. Distributed Architectures

     23.3 Spacecraft Manufacturing Integration and Test

     23.4 System Mission Verification and Validation

     23.5 Multi-Spacecraft Manufacturing

     23.6 Alternative Approaches to Space Manufacturing

     23.7 Intangible Factors in Manufacturing

24. Risk and Reliability

     24.1 Reliability

     24.2 Space System Risk Analysis

25. Alternative Spacecraft Designs

     25.1 Space Tethers

     25.2 Inflatable Structures

     25.3 SmallSats

     25.4 CubeSats

     25.5 Differences Between International Approaches to Space

 

PART III—LAUNCH AND OPERATIONS

26. Launch Vehicles

     26.1 Launch Vehicle Selection

     26.2 History Prior to 2010

     26.3 Basic Mechanics of Launch

     26.4 Launch Environments

     26.5 Available Vehicles

27. Launch Operation

     27.1 Worldwide Launch Sites and Launch Restrictions

     27.2 Launch Site Preparations

     27.3 Readiness Reviews and Mission Dress Rehearsals

     27.4 Launch Site Access

     27.5 Launch Site Training

     27.6 Transporting the Spacecraft to the Launch Site

     27.7 Launch Site Processing

     27.8 Launch Day

     27.9 Post Launch and Early Orbit Operations

     27.10 Modernizing Launch Operations

     27.11 Common Mistakes to Avoid

28. Ground System Design

     28.1 Antenna Services

     28.2 Data Accounting and Distribution Services

     28.3 Ground System Driving Requirements and Sizing

     28.4 Mission Examples

     28.5 Technology Trends

     28.6 Summary

29. Mission Operations

     29.1 Mission Planning and Operations Development    

     29.2 Mission Execution   

     29.3 Mission Termination and Post-Mission Activities

     29.4 Mission Operations Process Improvement and Best Practices

     29.5 The Future of Mission Operations

30. End of Mission Considerations

     30.1 Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) End of Mission Guidelines

     30.2 Low Earth Orbit LEO Disposal Options

     30.3 Non-LEO Disposal Options

     30.4 Passivation

     30.5 Disposal Planning

     30.6 FireSat II and SCS Examples

 

APPENDICES

A. Mass and Power Distribution for Spacecraft

B. Physical and Orbit Properties of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and Planets

C. Summary of Keplerian Orbit and Coverage Equations

D. Mission Geometry Formulas

E. Time and Date Systems

F. Coordinate Transformations; Vector, Matrix, and Quarternion Algebra

G. Statistical Error Analysis (web only)

H. Units and Conversion Factors

I. Earth Satellite Parameters