Sources of Tibetan tradition

Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 20
Acknowledgments......Page 24
Transcription and Transliteration Conventions......Page 26
Contributors......Page 28
Dates in Tibetan History and Key Events in Neighboring Lands......Page 30
PART I Political Expansion and the Beginnings of Tibetan Buddhist Culture (Seventh to Tenth Centuries)......Page 44
1. Tibet in Medieval Chinese, Islamic, and Western Sources......Page 46
The Tang Annals on Tibet......Page 49
Origins and Customs of the Tibetans......Page 50
Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng......Page 54
A Second Chinese Princess is Sent to Tibet......Page 56
The Tibetan Invasion of the Chinese Capital......Page 59
The Peace Treaty of 783......Page 62
The Peace Treaty of 821......Page 64
Early Islamic Sources on Tibet......Page 67
From the Zayn Al-Akhbar......Page 68
From the Hudud Al-Alam, the Regions of the World......Page 70
The First Western References to Tibet......Page 72
From the Mission of Friar William of Rubruck......Page 73
From the Travels of Marco Polo......Page 74
2. Imperial Records from Dunhuang......Page 78
The Myth of the First King......Page 79
The Death of Drigum Tsenpo......Page 81
Warlords Versus True Kings......Page 84
The Conquests and Institutes of Songsten Gampo......Page 87
The Old Tibetan Annals......Page 90
Emperor Dusong and the Dowager Empress Tri Malo......Page 91
Tibet Conquers the Chinese Capital......Page 94
Tibetan Administrative Documents from Gansu......Page 95
A Contract for the Sale of a Male Bondservant......Page 96
A Receipt for the Repayment of Loaned Wheat......Page 97
A Contract for a Man Hiring Another to Do his Corvee Duty of Transporting the Annual Grain Tribute......Page 98
3. Imperial Edicts from Central and Far Eastern Tibet......Page 100
The Stele of Takdra Lukhong......Page 101
The South Face of the Takdra Lukhong Stele in Lhasa Zhol......Page 102
The Conversion Edict of Tri Songdetsen......Page 103
The Samye Bell Inscription......Page 108
Tri Desongsen\'s Edicts Rewarding the Monk Nyang Tingngedzin Zangpo......Page 109
Tri Desongtsen\'s Vow to Support Buddhism......Page 113
An Imperial Decree on Translation......Page 115
The \"Uncle-Nephew\" Pillar Inscription......Page 119
The Prayers of Dega Yutsel......Page 121
Trial for Homicide......Page 130
Selections from the \"Dice-Edicts\"......Page 131
Law and State in Imperial Tibet......Page 135
Manicheanism and Christianity......Page 138
Confucius and the Marvelous Lad......Page 139
The Tibetan Ramayana from Dunhuang......Page 143
Lands and Peoples of the Far North......Page 153
Medical Traditions......Page 157
A Manual of Varied Treatments: Pelliot Tibetain 1057......Page 158
Methods of Moxibustion: Pelliot Tibetain 127 and 1044......Page 159
Causes and Signs......Page 161
From the Criteria of the Authentic Scriptures......Page 162
On Bird Divination......Page 166
5. Early Religion and the Beginnings of Buddhism......Page 169
The Narrative of the Fall of Mankind......Page 170
Myths and Rituals of Death......Page 173
The Testament of Ba: An Imperial Family Saga......Page 179
The Vermilion Pearl: A Tale of Conversion......Page 180
The Founding of Samye, Tibet\'s First Monastery......Page 181
Chinese and Indian Buddhists at Samye......Page 185
An Emperor\'s Funeral Debated......Page 193
The Introduction of Esoteric Buddhism......Page 198
Padmasambhava: Tibet\'s Imperial Exorcist......Page 200
An Early Great Perfection Treatise......Page 202
Teachings of an Indian Master in Early Postimperial Tibet......Page 204
PART II Tibet in Fragments: From Empire to Monastic Principalities (Eleventh to Twelfth Centuries)......Page 208
6. Renewal and Rediscovery: The Later Diffusion of Buddhism and the Response of the \"Ancients\"......Page 210
The Ordinance of Yeshe-O to Tantric Practitioners......Page 211
The Life of the Translator Rinchen Zangpo......Page 216
Atisa Dipankarasrijnana and Dromton Gyelwe Jungne......Page 219
The Teaching in Parables......Page 226
Rongzompa\'s Defense of Nyingma Tantra......Page 229
7. The Proliferation of New Lineages......Page 232
Dromi Lotsawa and the Teaching of the Path and Fruit......Page 233
Freedom from Preoccupations......Page 242
Marpa\'s Dream Vision of Saraha......Page 246
From Gampopa\'s Jewel Rosary of the Supreme Path......Page 251
The Life of a Kagyu School Founder: Pakmodrupa......Page 255
Lama Zhang, Leader of the Lhasa Region......Page 261
\"Twelve and a Half Crippled Verses\" and Other Poems from Lama Zhang......Page 264
Naktso Lotsawa\'s Meeting with Naropa......Page 268
Journey to the Seat of the Buddha......Page 270
The Origins of the Shangpa Kagyu Tradition......Page 273
The Advice of an Indian Yogin......Page 277
Machik Lapdron on Severance and Devotion......Page 286
8. The Bon Tradition......Page 293
The Bon Master Shenrap and the Redemption of Tobu Dode......Page 294
The Life of Shenchen Luga, Treasure Revealer of the Bon Tradition......Page 300
The Nine Ways of Bon......Page 303
The Teachings of Lord Shenrap......Page 310
Anti-Bon Polemics......Page 317
A Debate Text in the Bonpo Great Perfection Tradition......Page 318
9. The Development of the Medical Tradition......Page 321
The Preaching of the Four Medical Tantras......Page 322
On Physicians......Page 325
Yutok and the Foreign Doctors......Page 334
PART III The Age of Monastic and Aristocratic Hegemonies: The Florescence of Tibetan Culture (Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries)......Page 342
10. Elaborating the Narratives of Tebetan Antiquity......Page 344
Avalokitesvara\'s Mission......Page 345
The Clear Mirror\'s Account of Sontsen Gampo......Page 347
In Praise of Translators......Page 350
The Epic of King Gesar......Page 352
From Nyangrel\'s Life of Padmasambhava......Page 361
Padmasambhava and Yeshe Tsogyel......Page 366
11. Historians and Historical Documents of the Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries......Page 369
Lama Pakpa\'s Elucidation of the Knowable......Page 371
A History of the Yuan Emperors: The Red Book......Page 380
The Zhalu Edict of the Mongol Prince Qayishan......Page 385
A Letter to Tibetan Officials......Page 387
The Biography of a Ruler: Tai Situ Jangchup Gyeltsen......Page 388
Buton\'s Request to the Master Jangchup Gyeltsen......Page 391
Battles Over Central Tibet......Page 394
The Kings of Tsang......Page 400
The Kings of Mustang......Page 404
The Kings of Western Tibet......Page 407
Taranatha\'s History of Buddhism in India......Page 410
12. Explorations of Buddhist Doctrine......Page 414
Shakya Chokden\'s History of Madhyamaka Thought in Tibet......Page 416
The Life of Ngok Loden Sherap, The Translator......Page 423
The Life of the Scholar of Sakya......Page 427
Sakya Pandita\'s Gateway to Learning......Page 433
The Skepticism of Karma Pakshi......Page 440
Buton Rinchendrup and the Formation of the Canyon......Page 443
Buton\'s Jewelry of Scripture......Page 444
A Buddhist Canon for the Lord of Zhalu......Page 450
The Fourth Coundil of Dolpopa......Page 452
Longchen Rapjampa: How Samsara is Fabricated from the Ground of Being......Page 458
Karmapa Rangjung Dorje\'s Prayer to the Great Seal......Page 463
13. Literary Developments......Page 468
The Epic of Rama in Thirteenth-Century Tibet......Page 469
Song to Quarreling Leaders......Page 474
Words of Joy in a Frest Grove......Page 476
A Story of Forest Darkness......Page 478
The Life and Songs of Milarepa......Page 480
The Creation of the Life......Page 481
Selections from the Life of Milarepa......Page 482
14. Writings on Death and Dying......Page 489
The Dissolution of the Human Body and Mind......Page 490
A Prayer for Protection from Fear in the Bardo After Death......Page 492
Maudgalyayana\'s Salvation of His Mother from Hell......Page 495
The Judgment in Hell of a Snooty Young Princess......Page 499
The Death Biography of Sanggye Tonpa......Page 501
Forging the Relics of Saints......Page 506
Tibetan Embalming Practices......Page 508
15. The Growth of the Arts and Sciences......Page 511
On the Importance of the Five Arts......Page 512
Introduction to Poetry......Page 513
Sakya Pandita on Music......Page 515
A Drinking Song......Page 517
A Weaving Song......Page 521
Advice to Physicians......Page 523
Building Iron Bridges: Tangtong Gyelpo......Page 528
Pema Karpo on Sculptural Style......Page 532
The Legal Codes of Central Tibet......Page 534
A Bhutanese Legal Code......Page 540
PART IV The Age of Centralization: The Rise of the Ganden Government and Its Bid for Cultural Hegemony (Seventeenth to Twentieth Century)......Page 548
16. The Beginnings of the Gandenpa School......Page 550
The Life and Teachings of Tsongkhapa......Page 551
A Life of Good Counsel and a Summary of the Stages of the  Buddhist Path......Page 552
Tsongkhapa\'s Three Essentials of the Path......Page 559
The Founding of the Great Prayer Festival of Lhasa......Page 561
The Founding of Trashilhunpo Monastery......Page 565
The Meeting Between Altan Khan and Sonam Gyatso......Page 568
17. The Fifth Dalai Lama and the Ganden Government......Page 574
Acts of the Fifth Dalai Lama......Page 576
The Fifth Dalai Lama\'s History of Tibet......Page 581
The Fifth Dalai Lama\'s Visit to Beijing......Page 583
Monastic Rivalry in Lhasa......Page 586
The Fifth Dalai Lama Appoints a Governor and Later Edicts......Page 588
A Letter from the Fifth Dalai Lama......Page 594
The Official History of the Gandenpa: Sanggye Gyatso\'s Yellow Beryl......Page 596
18. Aristocrats, Monks, and Hermits......Page 599
Love Songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama......Page 600
A Song of Longing from the King of Tibet, Polhane Sonam Topgye......Page 603
Dokharwa Tsering Wanggyel\'s Autobiography: A Life of Government Service......Page 606
A Tibetan Aristocrat at the Manchu Court......Page 611
A Tibetan Diplomat Reflecting on the Status of Tibet After War with Nepal......Page 615
Critiques of Central Tibet......Page 616
The Suffering of a Himalayan Nun......Page 623
19. Religious and Political Developments in Eastern Tibet......Page 628
Kelden Gyatso\'s Religious History of Amdo......Page 630
The Donors of Gonlung Monastery in Amdo......Page 635
Sumpa Khenpo\'s Annals of Kokonor......Page 637
Makzor Gonpo and the Chone Kangyur......Page 639
Labrang Monastery\'s Jamyang Zhepa Lama Invoikes Protective Deities......Page 643
The Religious History of Muli......Page 648
The Deeds of the Derge King......Page 650
In Praise of a Life of Learning......Page 657
Culture and Rulership Under the Kings of Derge......Page 660
20. Encountering Other Cultures......Page 665
A Journey to Kathmandu Before the Rise of the Shah Dynasty......Page 666
A Trip to the Broken Heartland of Buddhism......Page 669
Jikme Lingpa\'s Indian Discourses......Page 673
The Renewal of Mongol-Tibetan Relations: Dharmatala\'s History of Buddhism in Mongolia......Page 676
A Description of China......Page 678
From a Guidebook to the Five-Peaked Mountain......Page 681
Dreaming of Cross-Cultural Encounters at the Qing Court......Page 684
A Tibetan View of Chinese Religions......Page 687
Sumpa Khenpo on the Far North and Middle East......Page 693
Selections from the Great Geography......Page 697
21. Religious Writers in Amdo and Kham......Page 702
Spiritual Songs of Kelden Gyatso......Page 703
An Amdo Boyhood: Zhapkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol......Page 708
Songs in Praise of the Natural World......Page 712
Dza Peltrul Rinpoche: On Compassion......Page 716
The Autobiography of Jamgon Kongtrul......Page 718
The Development of Artistic Style......Page 730
Mipam Rinpoche: Some Surprises Due to a Conversation with Friends......Page 732
The Death of a Modern Bonpo Master: Shardza Trashi Gyeltsen......Page 735
A Female Treasure Revealer: Sera Khandro......Page 739
PART V Expanding Horizons in the Early Twentieth Century......Page 744
22. Early Twentieth-Century Tibetan Encounters with the West......Page 746
Adrup Gonpo\'s Impressions of France......Page 747
Gurong Tsang\'s Travels in China......Page 754
The Lama and the General......Page 758
Gendun Chopel, Itinerant Scholar and Poet......Page 762
23. Tibetan\'s Addressing Modern Political Issues......Page 770
A Tibetan Buddhist Diplomat to Russia: Dorjiev on Europe and Christianity......Page 771
Letters from Tibet\'s Ruling Lamas to Foreign Leaders and Scholars......Page 777
The Mirror: A Tibetan Newspaper from West Bengal......Page 782
The Thirteenth Dalai Lama\'s Last Testament......Page 783
The Ninth Panchen Lama in Exile in China......Page 788
Tibetan issionaries in China: The Sino-Tibetan Buddhist Academy, Chongqing (Sichuan)......Page 791
Gendun Chopel on British Imperialism......Page 794
Credits......Page 800
For Further Reading......Page 808
Index......Page 816