Sonography Scanning: Principles and Protocols

Front
Cover......Page 1
Sonography
Scanning......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contributors......Page 8
Editorial Review Board......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Contents......Page 15
PART I -
GENERAL PRINCIPLES......Page 33
How to Use This Text......Page 35
Professional Standards......Page 36
Clinical Standards......Page 38
Imaging Criteria......Page 40
Image Documentation Criteria......Page 41
Describing Sonographic Findings......Page 42
Scanning Planes Defined......Page 47
Scanning Planes Interpreted......Page 48
Scanning Methods......Page 53
PART II -
PATHOLOGY......Page 61
Criteria for Evaluating Abnormal Findings/Pathology......Page 63
Criteria for Documenting Abnormal Findings/Pathology......Page 65
Criteria for Describing the Sonographic Appearance of Abnormal Findings/Pathology......Page 68
Required Images for Abnormal Findings/Pathology......Page 74
PART III
- ABDOMINAL SCANNING PROTOCOLS......Page 81
Overview......Page 83
Preparation......Page 86
Abdominal Aorta Survey Steps......Page 87
Abdominal Aorta Required Images......Page 91
Required Images When the Abdominal Aorta is Part of Another Study......Page 98
Overview......Page 103
Preparation......Page 106
Inferior Vena Cava Survey Steps......Page 107
Inferior Vena Cava Required Images......Page 112
Required Images When the Inferior Vena Cava is Part of Another Study......Page 117
Chapter 6 - Liver Scanning Protocol......Page 125
Overview......Page 126
Preparation......Page 135
Liver Survey Steps......Page 136
Liver Required Images......Page 142
Required Images When the Liver is Part of Another Study......Page 148
Overview......Page 153
Preparation......Page 159
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Survey Steps......Page 160
Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Required Images......Page 165
Required Images When the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract are Part of Another Study......Page 172
Overview......Page 179
Preparation......Page 187
Pancreas Survey Steps......Page 188
Pancreas Required Images......Page 194
Required Images When the Pancreas is Part of Another Study......Page 198
Overview......Page 203
Preparation......Page 208
Renal Survey Steps......Page 209
Kidneys Required Images......Page 217
Required Images When the Kidneys are Part of Another Study......Page 229
Overview......Page 235
Spleen Survey Steps......Page 239
Spleen Required Images......Page 242
Required Images When the Spleen is Part of Another Study......Page 245
PART IV -
PELVIC SCANNING
PROTOCOLS......Page 249
Chapter 11 - Female Pelvis Scanning Protocol......Page 251
Overview......Page 252
Preparation......Page 265
Vagina, Uterus, and Pelvic Cavity Survey Steps......Page 266
Ovaries Survey Steps......Page 270
Female Pelvis Required Images......Page 272
Overview......Page 287
Preparation......Page 288
Transvaginal Female Pelvis Survey......Page 291
Transvaginal Scanning Protocol for the Female Pelvis Required Images......Page 294
Chapter 13 - Obstetrical Scanning Protocol for First, Second, and Third Trimesters......Page 307
First Trimester......Page 308
Second and Third Trimesters......Page 314
Preparation......Page 330
Female Pelvis Survey......Page 331
First Trimester Survey......Page 335
Second and Third Trimester Survey (The Fetus)......Page 336
Required Images for Obstetrics......Page 338
The Biophysical Profile......Page 366
Required Images for a Biophysical Profile......Page 367
Chapter 14 - Male Pelvis Scanning Protocol for the Prostate Gland, Scrotum, and Penis......Page 375
Overview......Page 376
Preparation......Page 385
Prostate Gland Survey......Page 388
Scrotum Survey......Page 395
Scrotum Required Images......Page 401
Penis Survey......Page 424
Penis Required Images......Page 425
PART V -
SMALL PARTS SCANNING
PROTOCOLS......Page 431
Rotator Cuff Scanning Protocol Overview......Page 433
Rotator Cuff Survey and Required Images......Page 435
Carpal Tunnel Scanning Protocol Overview......Page 441
Carpal Tunnel Survey......Page 443
Carpal Tunnel Required Images......Page 445
Achilles Tendon Scanning Protocol Overview......Page 447
Achilles Tendon Survey......Page 448
Achilles Tendon Required Images......Page 449
Overview......Page 457
Thyroid Gland Survey Steps......Page 462
Thyroid Gland Required Images......Page 467
Clinical Reasoning......Page 477
Overview......Page 478
Preparation......Page 480
Required Images for Breast Lesion......Page 481
Whole Breast Required Images......Page 483
Chapter 18 - Neonatal Brain Scanning Protocol......Page 487
Overview......Page 488
Preparation......Page 491
Neonatal Brain Survey......Page 492
Neonatal Brain Required Images......Page 494
PART VI -
VASCULAR SCANNING
PROTOCOLS......Page 503
Chapter 19 - Abdominal Doppler and Color Flow Imaging......Page 505
Preparation......Page 515
Abdominal Venous Blood Flow Patterns and Duplex Protocols......Page 528
Gynecologic Studies......Page 530
Breast Sonography......Page 533
Scrotal Sonography......Page 534
Overview......Page 539
Preparation......Page 541
Cerebrovascular Duplex Survey......Page 542
Cerebrovascular Duplex Required Images......Page 551
Data Documentation......Page 558
Lower Extremity Arterial Duplex Ultrasonography Overview......Page 563
Preparation......Page 565
Lower Limb Arterial Duplex Required Images......Page 572
Data Documentation......Page 583
Classification of Disease Severity Based on Doppler Waveform Morphology......Page 585
Lower Extremity Peripheral Venous Duplex Sonography Overview......Page 588
Lower Extremity Venous Duplex Survey......Page 592
Lower Limb Venous Duplex Required Images......Page 596
Data Documentation......Page 602
PART VII -
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY......Page 607
Chapter 22 - Adult Echocardiography Scanning Protocol......Page 609
Overview......Page 610
Preparation......Page 614
Adult Heart Survey • 2D Examination......Page 616
Adult Heart Required Images......Page 622
M-Mode Evaluation......Page 628
Doppler Evaluation......Page 633
Preparation......Page 641
Pediatric Heart Survey......Page 643
Pediatric Heart Required Images......Page 648
Required M-Mode Images......Page 656
Abbreviation Glossary......Page 659
Chapter 5......Page 660
Chapter 13......Page 661
Chapter 21......Page 662
Chapter 23......Page 663
Part I: Guidelines for Equipment and Documentation......Page 664
Part II: Guidelines for the Abdomen and Retroperitoneum Ultrasound Examination......Page 665
Part I: Guidelines for Equipment and Documentation......Page 667
Part II: Guidelines for the Scrotal Ultrasound Examination......Page 668
Part I: Guidelines for Equipment and Documentation......Page 669
Part II: Guidelines for First Trimester Sonography......Page 670
Part I: Guidelines for Equipment and Documentation......Page 674
Part II: Guidelines for Performance of the Ultrasound Examination of the Female Pelvis......Page 675
Part I:
Guidelines for Equipment and Documentation......Page 677
Part II: Ultrasound Examination of the Prostate and Surrounding Structures......Page 678
Index......Page 679
Tempkin......Page 703