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ویرایش: 4
نویسندگان: Curry. Tempkin
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9780323322843, 2015029187
ناشر:
سال نشر: 2016
تعداد صفحات: 702
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 36 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Sonography Introduction to Normal Structure and Function به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب سونوگرافی مقدمه ای بر ساختار و عملکرد طبیعی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
سونوگرافی: مقدمه ای بر ساختار و عملکرد طبیعی، ویرایش چهارم. نسخه جدید این متن مقدماتی بسیار بصری، تعداد زیادی از تصاویر اولتراسوند، همراه با نقاشیهای برچسبدار با افسانههای دقیق را ارائه میکند تا راحتی شما را با آناتومی معمولی همانطور که در حین اسکن ظاهر میشود، افزایش دهد. فرمت فصل یکنواخت آن باعث می شود تا محتوا به راحتی قابل پیمایش باشد و نظم و انضباط پیروی از یک پروتکل استاندارد برای اسکن هر ناحیه از بدن را تقویت می کند.
Sonography: Introduction to Normal Structure and Function, 4th Edition. The new edition of this highly visual introductory text presents a wealth of ultrasound images, accompanied by labeled drawings with detailed legends, to increase your comfort with normal anatomy as it appears during scanning. Its consistent chapter format makes the content easy to navigate and reinforces the discipline of following a standard protocol to scan each area of the body.
Front Cover Half title page Evolve page Sonography Copyright Page Dedication Contributors Reviewers Preface New to this Edition Workbook and Lab Manual for Sonography: Introduction to Normal Structure and Function For the Instructor Table Of Contents I Clinical Applications 1 Before and After the Ultrasound Examination Objectives Key Words Before the Ultrasound Examination Understanding Standard Precautions Reviewing the Ultrasound Request Form and Patient Chart After the Ultrasound Examination The Sonographer’s Technical Observation Interpretive Report 2 Ultrasound Instrumentation: Objectives Key Words Alphanumeric Keyboard Primary Imaging Controls Basic Operations of an Ultrasound System Image Processing and Storage 3 General Patient Care Objectives Key Words Interpersonal Skills Ultrasound Examination Room Patient Care During the Ultrasound Examination Aseptic Technique 4 Introduction to Ergonomics and Sonographer Safety Objectives Key Terms Ergonomics Defined Ergonomics in Sonography Types of Injuries The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA) Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs) Contributing Causes and Risk Factors of Workplace Injury Creating a Safe Environment II Sonographic Approach to Understanding Anatomy 5 Interdependent Body Systems Objectives Key Words Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Endocrine System “Neuro” Endocrine System Pituitary Anatomy System Functions Cardiovascular system Arteries and Veins Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation Atypical Blood Flow The Heart Lymphatic System Collection and Transportation of Fluid Fat Absorption Immune Function Musculoskeletal System Reproductive System Male Gamete Production and Maturation Female Gamete Production and Maturation Fertilization The Excretory Systems Digestive System–Urinary System–Respiratory System Digestive System Urinary System Anatomy Filtration Respiratory System Anatomy 6 Anatomy Layering and Sectional Anatomy Objectives Key Words 1. Directional Terminology 2. Body Divisions Dorsal Cavity Ventral Cavity 3. Tissue Layers Somatic Layers Extravisceral Layers (Visceral Layers) Intravisceral Luminal Layers Intravisceral Nonluminal Layers 4. Structure Classification Musculoskeletal Unit Vascular Unit Visceral Unit Enclosing Unit 5. Structure Orientation Vertical Orientation Vertical Oblique Orientation Horizontal Orientation Horizontal Oblique Orientation Variable Orientation 6. Sectional Planes Transverse Plane Sagittal Plane Coronal Plane 7. Body Structure Relationships 8. Comparison of Cadaver Sections and Ultrasound Image Sections Abdominal Layers Muscle Layer Quadratus Lumborum Muscle Psoas Major Muscle Kidneys and Adrenal Glands Kidneys Adrenal Glands Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) IVC Tributaries Abdominal Aorta Abdominal Aorta Aorta Branches Portal Venous System Portal Venous System Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Biliary Tract Gallbladder Pancreas Pancreas Gastrointestinal Tract Stomach Duodenum Liver Liver Muscle Layer Anterior Muscles Pelvic Layers True Pelvis Muscle Layer True Pelvis Muscles False Pelvis Muscles False Pelvis Muscles Rectum/Colon Rectum/Colon Uterus/Bladder Uterus/Urinary Bladder Prostate Gland/Bladder Prostate Gland/Urinary Bladder Muscle Layer Rectus Abdominus Muscle 7 First Scanning Experience Objectives Body Planes Ultrasound Scanning Planes Clinical Criteria Imaging Criteria Scanning A. Patient Preparation B. Patient Position C. How to Choose and Use a Transducer Choosing a Transducer Using a Transducer D. Breathing Technique E. The Survey Abdominal Aorta • Longitudinal Survey Sagittal Plane • Transabdominal Anterior Approach Abdominal Aorta • Axial Survey Transverse Plane • Transabdominal Anterior Approach F. Image Documentation Criteria G. Required Images Abdominal Aorta • Longitudinal Images Sagittal Plane • Transabdominal Anterior Approach Abdominal Aorta • Axial Images Transverse Plane • Transabdominal Anterior Approach H. Abnormal Findings I. Case Presentation How to Describe Ultrasound Findings Describing Diffuse Disease Describing Localized Disease Origin Size Composition Solid Masses Cystic Masses Complex Masses Other Considerations 8 Embryology* Objectives Key Words Embryologic Development Heart and Abdominal Aorta Development Inferior Vena Cava Development Portal Venous Development Biliary System Development Liver Development Pancreas Development Urinary System Development Spleen Development Gastrointestinal Tract Development Male Pelvis Development Female Pelvis Development Breast Development Thyroid and Parathyroid Development Neonatal Brain Development Reference Charts 9 Introduction to Laboratory Values Objectives Key Words Agency Oversight of Laboratory Testing Quality Control of Laboratory Values Laboratory Values Laboratory Value: Bilirubin Primary Organs: Liver, Gallbladder Laboratory Value: Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Primary Organs: Liver, Pancreas Laboratory Value: Cholesterol and Triglycerides Primary Organs: Liver, Heart Laboratory Value: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Primary Organs: Liver, Kidney Laboratory Value: Creatinine Primary Organ: Kidney Laboratory Value: Amylase, Lipase Primary Organ: Pancreas Laboratory Value: Glucose Primary Organs: Pancreas, Liver, Thyroid Laboratory Value: Lactate Dehydrogenase (LD) Primary Organ: Heart Laboratory Value: Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Primary Organs: Heart, Brain, Skeletal Laboratory Value: Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Primary Organ: Prostate Laboratory Value: Estrogen Primary Organ: Female and Male Laboratory Value: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Primary Focus: Pregnancy Laboratory Value: Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) Primary Focus: Pregnancy Laboratory Value: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, T3, T4 Primary Organs: Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Laboratory Values: Hematocrit and Prothrombin Primary Focus: Blood and Vital Organs Laboratory Value: Blood Cell Count and Sediment Rate Primary Focus: Blood Summary 10 The Abdominal Aorta Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Reference Charts 11 The Inferior Vena Cava Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 12 The Portal Venous System Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts III Abdominal Sonography 13 Abdominal Vasculature Objectives Key Words The Abdominal Arterial System Location Size Sonographic Appearance Hemodynamic Patterns Doppler Velocity Spectral Analysis The Abdominal Venous System Location Size Sonographic Appearance Hemodynamic Patterns and Doppler Spectral Display Reference Charts 14 The Liver Objectives Key Words Location Right Posterosuperior Surface Inferior (Visceral) Surface Right-Sided Inferior Indentations Left Side of Inferior Surface Posterior Midportion of Inferior Surface Right Lobe Left Lobe Caudate Lobe Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Metabolic Functions of the Liver Detoxification of Poisonous and Harmful Substances Synthesizing Blood Proteins Additional Liver Functions Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 15 The Biliary System Objectives Key Words Location Gallbladder Hepatic Ducts Common Hepatic Duct (CHD) Cystic Duct Common Bile Duct (CBD) Size Gallbladder Common Hepatic Duct (CHD) Cystic Duct Common Bile Duct (CBD) Gross Anatomy Gallbladder Hepatic Ducts Biliary Ducts Cystic Duct Physiology Sonographic Appearance Gallbladder Ductal System Sonographic Applications Indications for Examinations Normal Variants Gallbladder Biliary Ducts Reference Charts 16 The Pancreas Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Head Neck Body Tail Vascular Anatomy Physiology Sonographic Appearance Transverse Scanning Plane Images Showing Longitudinal Pancreas Head (Inferior Vena Cava, Gastroduodenal Artery, Common Bile Duct) Neck (Superior Mesenteric Vein, Portal Splenic Confluence, Inferior Vena Cava) Body and Tail (Splenic Vein, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Aorta) Sagittal Scanning Plane Images Showing Axial Pancreas Head (Inferior Vena Cava, Gastroduodenal Artery, Common Bile Duct) Neck (Superior Mesenteric Vein, Portal Vein, Inferior Vena Cava) Body and Tail (Splenic Vein, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Aorta) Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 17 The Urinary and Adrenal Systems Objectives Key Words Location Upper Urinary Tract: Kidneys, Ureters Kidneys Ureters Lower Urinary Tract: Urinary Bladder, Urethra Urinary Bladder Urethra Size Gross Anatomy Upper Urinary Tract: Kidneys, Ureters Kidneys Ureters Lower Urinary Tract: Urinary Bladder, Urethra Urinary Bladder Urethra Physiology How the Nephron Works Protective Mechanisms That Preserve Nephron Function Sonographic Appearance Upper Urinary Tract: Kidneys, Ureters Kidneys Ureters Lower Urinary Tract: Urinary Bladder, Urethra Urinary Bladder Urethra The Adrenal Glands Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 18 The Spleen Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Defense Hematopoiesis RBC Removal Storage Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Accessory Spleen Asplenia Splenomegaly Reference Charts 19 The Gastrointestinal System Objectives Key Words Location Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Peritoneum Stomach Small Bowel Duodenum Jejunum and Ileum Large Bowel Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, and Anus Size Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Pyloric Canal Small Bowel Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large Bowel Gross Anatomy Esophagus Stomach Small Bowel Duodenum Jejunum and Ileum Large Bowel Physiology Sonographic Appearance Esophagus Stomach Small Bowel Large Bowel Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts IV Pelvic Sonography 20 The Male Pelvis Objectives Key Words Location Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Size Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Gross Anatomy Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Physiology Sonographic Appearance Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles Sonographic Applications Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Reference Charts 21 The Female Pelvis Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Pelvic Organs Blood Supply Physiology The Ovarian Cycle The Endometrial Cycle Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts V Obstetrics 22 First Trimester Obstetrics (0 to 12 Weeks) Objectives Key Words Maternal Physiology and Embryo Development Weeks 1 to 5: Ovarian Phase Weeks 4 to 5 Weeks 6 to 10: Embryonic Phase Week 6 Weeks 7 to 8 Week 8 Week 10 Weeks 11 to 12: Fetal Phase Development of the Placenta Development of Fetal Membranes Development of Amniotic Fluid Sonographic Appearance of First Trimester Anatomy Gestational Sac Appearance Double Sac Sign Yolk Sac Appearance Embryo Appearance Umbilical Cord Appearance Placenta Appearance Membrane Appearance Amniotic Fluid Appearance Sonographic Determination of Gestational Age Sonographic Applications Normal Variations Reference Charts 23 Second and Third Trimester Obstetrics (13 to 42 Weeks) Objectives Key Words The Placenta Amniotic Fluid Fetal Organ Systems Musculoskeletal System Axial Skeleton Spine Rib Cage Skull Appendicular Skeleton Extremities Muscles Cardiovascular System Heart Chambers and Septa Cava, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery Respiratory System Upper Respiratory Tract Lungs, Ribs, and Diaphragm Gastrointestinal System Oral Cavity and Esophagus Stomach and Gallbladder Liver Pancreas Spleen Small and Large Bowel Genitourinary System Kidneys Cortex, Medulla, and Sinus Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra Genitalia Adrenal Glands Central Nervous System The Brain Brain Stem Cerebrum Cerebellum Meninges Ventricles Vasculature The Spinal Cord Sonographic Appearance Determination of Gestational Age During the Second and Third Trimesters Biparietal Diameter (BPD) Cephalic Index (CI) Head Circumference (HC) Abdominal Circumference (AC) Femur Length (FL) Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 24 High-Risk Obstetric Sonography Objectives Key Words High-Risk Pregnancies Fetal Sonographic Biophysical Profile Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation Ultrasound-Guided Procedures Amniocentesis Chorionic Villus Sampling Fetal Blood Sampling and Fetal Intravascular Transfusion Multifetal Gestations Embryology of Multifetal Gestations Sonographic Assessment of Multifetal Gestations The Expanding Role of Ultrasound in High-Risk Obstetrics Reference Charts 25 Fetal Echocardiography Objectives Key Words Prenatal Development Fetal Circulation Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Sonographic Appearance Summary Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts VI Introduction to Specialty Sonography 26 The Neonatal Brain Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy The Brain The Ventricles The Cerebrum The Cerebellum The Brain Stem (“Hindbrain”) Physiology The Cerebrum The Diencephalon The Brain Stem The Cerebellum Sonographic Appearance Modified Coronal Plane Cross-Sections Modified Sagittal Plane Cross Sections Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts VII Small Parts Sonography 27 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Objectives Key Words Thyroid Gland Location Size Thyroid Volume Gross Anatomy Physiology Blood Supply Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Parathyroid Glands Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Blood Supply Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 28 Breast Sonography Objectives Key Words Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Advanced Techniques in Breast Imaging Breast Self-Examination Reference Charts 29 Scrotal and Penile Sonography Objectives Key Words Location Size Testis Epididymis Gross Anatomy Scrotum Testis Epididymis Ductus (Vas) Deferens Spermatic Cord Penis Physiology Sonographic Appearance Scrotal Contents Penis Sonographic Applications Scrotum Penis Normal Variants Reference Charts VIII Superficial Sonography 30 Pediatric Echocardiography Objectives Key Words Prenatal Development Fetal Circulation Fetal to Adult Circulation Location Size Gross Anatomy Cardiac Perfusion and Drainage Cardiac Conduction System Physiology Sonographic Appearance Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 31 Adult Echocardiography Objectives Key Words Prenatal Development Location Size Gross Anatomy Physiology Circulatory System Conduction System The Electrocardiogram Systole/Diastole Sonographic Appearance Two-Dimensional Echocardiography M-Mode Echocardiography Doppler Echocardiography Normal Doppler Waveforms Mitral Valve. Aortic Valve. Aortic Arch. Tricuspid Valve. Pulmonic Valve. Transesophageal Echocardiography Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Sonographic Applications Normal Variants Reference Charts 32 Vascular Technology Objectives Key Words Extracranial Cerebrovascular System Size of the Extracranial Cerebrovascular Vessels Sonographic Appearance of the Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries Hemodynamic Patterns of the Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries Doppler Velocity Spectral Waveforms Common Carotid Artery Internal Carotid Artery External Carotid Artery Carotid Bulb Vertebral Arteries The Intracranial Cerebrovascular System Size of the Intracranial Cerebrovascular Arteries Sonographic Appearance of the Intracranial Arteries Hemodynamic Patterns of the Intracranial Arteries Doppler Velocity Spectral Data and Flow Direction Middle Cerebral and Anterior Cerebral Arteries Posterior Cerebral Artery Ophthalmic Artery Carotid Siphon Vertebral and Basilar Arteries The Lower Extremity Arterial System Sonographic Appearance of the Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Vessels Size of the Lower Extremity Arteries Hemodynamic Patterns in the Lower Extremity Arterial System Doppler Velocity Spectral Waveforms Indirect Physiologic Tests The Lower Extremity Venous System The Deep Venous System The Superficial Venous System The Perforating Veins Size of the Deep and Superficial Veins Sonographic Appearance of the Deep and Superficial Venous Systems Hemodynamic Patterns of the Lower Extremity Deep Venous System Doppler Spectral Analysis Quality Assurance in Vascular Technology Measurements Used for Test Validation Statistical Correlation Understanding the Assigned Values Understanding the Columns and Rows Understanding the Calculations Summary Reference Charts IX Advances in Sonography 33 3-D/4-D Sonography Objectives Key Words Methods Step 1: Volume Acquisition Step 2: Volume Manipulations Aligning Data Sets Using the Z-Axis Step 3: Enhanced Display Features Sonographic Applications Obstetrics Gynecology Abdominal Small Parts Urology Pediatrics Advanced Features Summary 34 Interventional and Intraoperative Ultrasound Objectives Key Words Ultrasound-Guided Intervention Percutaneous Biopsies Percutaneous Aspirations Percutaneous Drainage Procedures Intraoperative Ultrasound Equipment and Transducers Sterile Field Procedure Applications Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z