Sonochemistry: Theory, Reactions and Syntheses, and Applications (Chemistry Engineering Methods and Technology)

Title Page\r......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
ABSTRACT......Page 12
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 13
2.1. Gold......Page 14
2.4. Tin......Page 17
2.8. Silver......Page 18
3. SYNTHESIS OF METALLIC NANOALLOYS......Page 19
3.3. Pt-Ru......Page 20
3.6. Bimetallic Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Morphology......Page 21
4.1. ZnO......Page 23
4.3. V2O5......Page 25
4.4. Iron oxide......Page 26
4.5. Manganese Oxide......Page 27
4.6. In2O3......Page 28
4.7. TiO2......Page 29
4.9. Other Metallic Oxide......Page 30
5.1. MVO4......Page 31
5.2. MTiO3......Page 32
5.4. MWO4......Page 33
5.6. Ferrites......Page 35
6.1. Metal Oxide-Metal (Oxide) Nanocomposite......Page 36
6.2.1. Natural Fibers......Page 40
6.2.2.1 Poly(Methylacrylate) and Poly(Methylmethacrylate)......Page 41
6.2.2.3. Polypropylene......Page 42
6.2.2.4. Conducting Polymer......Page 43
6.3. Carbonaceous Nanocomposite......Page 44
7.1. Nanoparticle with Metal Core......Page 47
7.2. Nanoparticles with Metal Oxide Core......Page 48
7.3. Nanoparticle with Sio2 Core......Page 49
8.1. Metal Phosphate......Page 51
8.3. Metal Fluoride......Page 53
8.5. Polyaniline......Page 54
8.6.1. Metal Sulfides......Page 55
8.7. Coordination Polymers......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 60
ABSTRACT......Page 74
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 75
2. SHOCK-WAVE MODEL OF ACOUSTIC CAVITATION......Page 76
2.1. Visual Observations of Acoustic Cavitation......Page 77
2.2. Justification for the Shock-Wave Approach......Page 78
2.3.1. Oscillations of a Single Gas Bubble......Page 79
2.3.2. Cavitation Region......Page 83
2.4.1. Low Oscillatory Velocities of Acoustic Radiator......Page 87
2.4.2. High Oscillatory Velocities of Acoustic Radiator......Page 89
2.6. Experimental Results......Page 90
3.1. Electromechanical transducer selection considerations......Page 94
3.2. High Power Acoustic Horn Design Principles......Page 95
3.2.1. Criteria For Matching Magnetostrictive Transducer to Water at Cavitation......Page 96
3.2.2.1. Design Principles......Page 99
3.2.2.2. Analysis of Five-Element Horns......Page 102
3.2.3. Experimental Results......Page 105
3.3. Section Conclusion......Page 109
5. FINAL REMARKS......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 112
ABSTRACT......Page 116
INTRODUCTION......Page 117
2. Heterogeneous Reactions Involving Immiscible Liquids......Page 119
3. Heterogeneous Reactions Involving a Solid and a Liquid......Page 120
1)  Zinc  Powder  Induced  Reductive  Coupling  of  Aromatic  Aldehydes  and  Ketones  in 
Aqueous Media......Page 121
2)  Reductive  Coupling  of  Aromatic  Aldehydes  and  Ketones  Induced  by  Magnesium 
Powder in Aqueous Media......Page 123
3)  Reductive  Coupling  of  Aromatic  Aldehydes  and  Ketones  Induced  by  Aluminum 
Powder in Aqueous Media......Page 124
5)  Reductive  Coupling  of  Aromatic  Aldehydes  Induced  by  Vanadium  (II)  in  Aqueous 
Solution......Page 125
2.  Reductive  Coupling  of  Aromatic  Aldehydes  and  Ketones  Using  Low-
Valent Titanium......Page 126
2)  Reductive  Coupling  of Aromatic Aldehydes Induced  by TiCl3-M  (Al,  Mg,  Mn, Zn)-EtOH......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 131
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 140
2. CURRENT VIEWS OF THE SONOCHEMISTRY IN SOLUTIONS......Page 141
3. IONIC REACTIONS ACCELERATED BY ULTRASOUND......Page 142
4. WATER AND HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS......Page 144
5. SONOCHEMICAL EFFECTS IN REACTION KINETICS......Page 146
6. MODE OF ACTION OF ULTRASOUND ON REACTIONS IN SOLUTIONS......Page 149
7. INFERENCES FROM SONICATION EFFECTS......Page 151
8.1. LFE Analysis......Page 154
8.2. Solvolysis of Tert-Butyl Chloride......Page 157
9. THE SOLVENT STRUCTURE AND SONICATION EFFECTS......Page 161
10. THE DOMINO EFFECT IN UNDERSTANDING OF SOLVATION 
PHENOMENA......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 164
INTRODUCTION......Page 168
Suzuki Reaction......Page 173
Sonogashira Coupling......Page 174
Biginelli Reaction......Page 175
Ullmann Coupling Reaction......Page 177
Claisen-Schmidt condensation......Page 178
Reformatsky Reaction......Page 179
Michael Addition Reaction......Page 180
Friedel–Crafts Acylation......Page 181
Pechmann Condensation......Page 182
Effect of Ultrasound and Phase Transfer Catalysis......Page 183
Ultrasound in Oxidation and Reduction Reaction......Page 184
Sonication in Ionic Liquids (IL)......Page 185
Miscellineous......Page 187
CONCLUSION......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
INTRODUCTION......Page 200
AN OVERVIEW OF SONOCHEMOTHERAPY......Page 201
The Present Status......Page 203
The Present Limitations and Possible Solutions......Page 205
Exploring Sonochemotherapy from HIFU Therapy......Page 208
REFERENCES......Page 209
SONOCHEMICAL EFFECTS IN WATER TREATMENT......Page 212
CHEMICAL EFFECTS......Page 213
PHYSICAL EFFECTS......Page 214
ULTRASOUND FOR WATER DISINFECTION......Page 215
ULTRASOUND USED IN COMBINATION WITH ULTRAVIOLET......Page 219
REFERENCES......Page 220
INTRODUCTION......Page 224
SONOSYNTHESIS OF FULLERENES AND FULLERENE DERIVATIVES......Page 225
SONOCHEMISTRY APPLIED TO FULLERENES AND CARBON 
NANOTUBES MODIFICATION, SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION......Page 230
GROWTH OF C60 FULLERITE CRYSTALS USING ULTRASOUNDS......Page 233
COLLOID PRODUCTION......Page 235
CONCLUSION......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 239
INTRODUCTION......Page 242
SONOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOTUBES......Page 243
PURIFICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES......Page 246
DISPERSIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES UNDER 
ULTRASOUNDS......Page 247
ULTRASOUND-INDUCED DAMAGE ON CARBON 
NANOTUBES......Page 254
SONOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON 
NANOTUBES......Page 259
COMBINED USE OF CARBON NANOTUBES AND 
ULTRASOUNDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS......Page 267
CONCLUSION......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 269
INDEX......Page 276