Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 15
Part I Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Ionic Conducting Electrolyte......Page 17
  1.1 An Introduction to the Principles of Fuel Cells......Page 19
  1.2 Materials and Technologies......Page 21
  1.3 New Electrolyte Developments on LTSOFC......Page 26
  1.4 Beyond the State of the Art: The Electrolyte‐Free Fuel Cell (EFFC)......Page 36
   1.4.1 Fundamental Issues......Page 39
  1.5 Beyond the SOFC......Page 41
  References......Page 44
  2.1 Introduction......Page 51
    2.2.1.1 Stabilized Zirconia......Page 53
    2.2.1.2 Doped Ceria......Page 55
   2.2.2 Proton‐Conducting Electrolyte and Mixed Ionic Conducting Electrolyte......Page 58
   2.2.3 Alternative New Electrolytes and Research Interests......Page 60
  2.3 Ion Conduction/Transportation in Electrolytes......Page 65
   2.4.1 Oxide–Oxide Electrolyte......Page 68
   2.4.2 Oxide–Carbonate Composite......Page 69
    2.4.2.1 Materials Fabrication......Page 70
    2.4.2.2 Performance and Stability Optimization......Page 73
   2.4.3 Other Oxide–Salt Composite Electrolytes......Page 76
   2.4.4 Ionic Conduction Mechanism Studies of Ceria–Carbonate Composite......Page 78
  2.5 NANOCOFC and Material Design Principle......Page 82
  2.6 Concluding Remarks......Page 83
  References......Page 85
  3.1 Introduction......Page 95
  3.2 Overview of Cathode Reaction Mechanism......Page 96
   3.3.1 Perovskite Cathode Materials......Page 98
    3.3.1.1 Mn‐Based Perovskite Cathodes......Page 99
    3.3.1.2 Co‐Based Perovskite Cathodes......Page 101
    3.3.1.3 Fe‐Based Perovskite Cathodes......Page 104
   3.3.2 Double Perovskite Cathode Materials......Page 105
   3.4.1 Nanostructured Cathodes......Page 110
   3.4.2 Composite Cathodes......Page 113
  3.5 Summary......Page 118
  References......Page 119
  4.1 Introduction......Page 129
   4.2.1 Basic Operating Principles of a SOFC......Page 130
    4.2.1.1 The Anode Three‐Phase Boundary......Page 131
   4.3.1 Ni–YSZ Cermet Anode Materials......Page 133
    4.3.2.1 Fluorite Anode Materials......Page 134
    4.3.2.2 Perovskite Anode Materials......Page 136
   4.3.3 Sulfur‐Tolerant Anode Materials......Page 140
  4.4 Development of Kinetics, Reaction Mechanism, and Model of the Anode......Page 142
  4.5 Summary and Outlook......Page 151
  References......Page 153
   5.2.1 Design of 2D Interface Contact Mode......Page 161
   5.2.2 Variations of Cell Output Performance Under 2D Contact Mode......Page 163
   5.2.3 2D Interface Structure Improvements and Enhancement of Cell Output Performance......Page 165
   5.2.4 Contributions of 3D Contact in 2D Interface Contact......Page 167
   5.2.5 Mechanism of Performance Enhancement After the Transition from 2D to 3D Interface......Page 169
   5.3.1 Control Design of 2D and 3D Interface Contact......Page 172
   5.3.2 Quantitative Effects of 2D Contact on the Transient Output Performance of a Cell......Page 174
   5.3.3 Quantitative Effects of 2D Contact on the Steady‐State Output Performance of the Cell......Page 177
   5.3.4 Quantitative Effects of 3D Contact on Cell Transient Performance......Page 179
   5.3.5 Quantitative Effects of 3D Contact on the Steady‐State Performance of a Cell......Page 182
   5.3.6 Differences Between 2D and 3D Interface Contacts......Page 185
  5.4 Conclusions......Page 187
  References......Page 188
Part II Electrolyte‐Free Fuel Cells: Materials, Technologies, and Working Principles......Page 189
  6.1 Concept of the Electrolyte‐Free Fuel Cell......Page 191
  6.2 SLFC Using the Ionic Conductor‐based Electrolyte......Page 193
  6.3 Developments on Advanced SLFC......Page 195
  6.4 From SLFCs to Semiconductor–Ionic Fuel Cells (SIFCs)......Page 200
  6.5 The SLFC Working Principle......Page 212
  6.6 Remarks......Page 220
  References......Page 223
  7.1 Introduction......Page 229
  7.2 Doped Ceria as the Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFCs......Page 230
  7.3 Surface Doping for Low Temperature SOFCs......Page 232
  7.4 Non‐doped Ceria for Advanced Low Temperature SOFCs......Page 238
  References......Page 251
   8.1.1 Oxygen Vacancy Formation......Page 255
   8.1.2 Oxygen Diffusion Mechanisms......Page 258
    8.1.3.2 Oxygen Transport in A‐Site Ordered Double Perovskites......Page 260
   8.1.4 Oxygen Ion Diffusion at Grain Boundary......Page 262
   8.1.5 Factors Controlling Oxygen Migration Barriers in Perovskites......Page 264
   8.2.1 Proton Diffusion Mechanisms......Page 265
    8.2.2.1 Influence of Dopants in A‐site......Page 269
    8.2.2.2 Influence of Dopants in B‐Site......Page 270
   8.2.3 Long‐range Proton Conduction Pathways in Perovskites......Page 271
   8.2.4 Hydrogen‐Induced Insulation......Page 272
   8.3.1 Enhanced Ionic Conduction by Strain......Page 275
    8.3.2.1 Surface State‐induced Band Bending......Page 279
    8.3.2.3 p–n Heterojunction Structures in SOFC......Page 281
  8.4 Summary......Page 282
  References......Page 283
   9.1.1 Materials Development for EFFCs......Page 291
   9.1.2 Natural Materials as Potential Electrolytes......Page 292
  9.2 Industrial‐grade Rare Earth for EFFCs......Page 295
   9.2.1 Rare‐earth Oxide LCP......Page 296
   9.2.2 Semiconducting–Ionic Composite Based on LCP......Page 297
    9.2.2.1 LCP–LSCF......Page 298
    9.2.2.2 LCP–ZnO......Page 300
    9.2.3.2 In Situ Schottky Junction Effect......Page 304
   9.2.4 Summary......Page 306
  9.3 Natural Hematite for EFFCs......Page 307
   9.3.1 Natural Hematite......Page 308
    9.3.2.1 Hematite–LSCF......Page 311
    9.3.2.2 Hematite/LCP–LSCF......Page 313
   9.3.3 Summary......Page 316
   9.4.1 Natural CuFe2O4 Mineral for EFFC......Page 318
   9.4.2 Natural Delafossite CuFeO2 for EFFC......Page 321
  9.5 Bio‐derived Calcite for EFFC......Page 324
   9.5.1 Bio‐derived Calcite for EFFC......Page 325
   9.5.2 Summary......Page 328
  References......Page 330
  10.1 Physical Aspects......Page 335
  10.2 Electrochemical Aspects......Page 336
  10.3 Ionic Conduction Enhancement in Heterostructure Composites......Page 337
  10.4 Charge Transportation Mechanism and Coupling Effects......Page 342
  10.5 Surface and Interfacial State‐Induced Superionic Conduction and Transportation......Page 346
  10.6 Ionic Transport Number Measurements......Page 347
  10.7 Determination of Electron and Ionic Conductivities in EFFCs......Page 348
  10.8 EIS Analysis......Page 350
  10.9 Semiconductor Band Effects on the Ionic Conduction Device Performance......Page 351
  10.10 Simulations......Page 355
  References......Page 359
  11.1 Introduction......Page 363
   11.2.1 Physics and Electrochemistry at Interfaces......Page 369
   11.2.2 Electrochemistry vs. Semiconductor Physics......Page 371
  11.3 Working Principle of Semiconductor‐Based Fuel Cells and Crossing Link Sciences......Page 372
  11.4 Extending Applications by Coupling Devices......Page 383
  11.5 Final Remarks......Page 384
  Acknowledgments......Page 388
  References......Page 389
Part III Fuel Cells: From Technology to Applications......Page 393
  12.1 Single‐Layer Fuel Cell (SLFC) Engineering Materials......Page 395
  12.2 Scaling Up Single‐Layer Fuel Cell Devices: Tape Casting and Hot Pressing......Page 399
  12.3 Scaling Up Single‐Layer Fuel Cell Devices: Thermal Spray Coating Technology......Page 402
   12.3.1 Traditional Plasma Spray Coating Technology......Page 403
   12.3.2 New Developed Low‐Pressure Plasma Spray (LPPS) Coating Technology......Page 404
   12.4.1 SLFC Cells......Page 411
   12.4.3 Sealing and Sealant‐Free Short Stack......Page 412
  12.5 Tests and Evaluations......Page 413
  12.6 Durability Testing......Page 415
  12.7 A Case Study for the Cell Degradation Mechanism......Page 416
  12.8 Continuous Efforts and Future Developments......Page 420
  12.9 Concluding Remarks......Page 425
  References......Page 427
  13.1 Internal Manifold and External Manifold......Page 431
  13.2 Interface Between an Interconnect Plate and a Single Cell......Page 432
  13.3 Antioxidation Coating of the Interconnect Plate......Page 434
  13.4 Design the Flow Field of Interconnect Plate......Page 435
   13.4.1 Mathematical Simulation......Page 436
   13.4.2 Effect of Co‐flow, Crossflow, and Counterflow......Page 438
  13.5 The Importance of Sealing......Page 440
   13.5.2 Durability of Sealing......Page 444
  13.6 The Life of the Stack: The Chemical Problems on the Interface......Page 445
  13.7 Toward Market Products......Page 447
  References......Page 459
  14.1 Solar Cell and Fuel Cell......Page 463
  14.2 Fuel Cell–Solar Cell Integration......Page 466
  14.3 Solar Electrolysis–Fuel Cell Integration......Page 468
  14.4 Fuel Cell–Biomass Integration......Page 469
  14.5 The Fuel Cell System Modeling Using Biogas......Page 470
   14.5.2 Ohmic Loss......Page 473
   14.6.2 The Fuel Utilization Factor and Efficiencies of the System......Page 474
  14.7 Integrated New Clean Energy System......Page 476
  References......Page 478
Index......Page 481
EULA......Page 488