Soils in Waste Treatment and Utilization : Volume II: Pollutant Containment, Monitoring, and Closure

Content: Cover
 Title Page
 Copyright Page
 PREFACE
 THE AUTHORS
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
 Table of Contents
 SOILS INVOLVED WITH WASTE BURIALS
 Chapter 1: Landfills, Trenches, Encapsulations, and Other Burials
 I. Rationale and Scope
 II. Sanitary Landfill
 A. Scope
 B. Development
 C. Limitations
 D. Site Selection
 E. The Soil
 I. Landfill Liners
 2. Landfill Covers
 3. Revegetation
 Ill. Trenches
 IV. Encapsulation
 References
 Chapter 2: Soil Liners for Landfills, Impoundments, and Ponds
 I. Rationale and Scope
 II. Soil Properties Affecting Attenuation
 III. Liners
 A. Concepts of Liners B. Compacted SoilC. Salt-Expanded Soil
 D. Soil Cements
 E. Soil Sealants
 F. Limestone Liners
 1. Crushed Limestone
 2. Leachate Relationships
 3. Limestone Particle Size
 4. Limestone Quality
 5. Limestone Thickness
 G. Hydrous Oxides of Iron
 IV. Liners for Burials
 A. Landfills
 I. Attenuation of Pollutants
 2. Waste Characteristics
 3. MSW Leachate Effects upon Liners
 4. Kinds of Soil Liners for Landfills
 B. Trenches and Encapsulations
 V. Liners for Surface Impoundments
 VI. Liners for Freshwater Ponds
 A. Freshwater Ponds
 B. Oxidative Ponds
 C. Sediment Collection Ponds D. Embankment PondsE. Excavated Ponds
 F. Aquaculture Ponds
 References
 Chapter 3: Gases, Odors, and Aerosols
 I. Scope
 II. Gas Control
 A. Origin and Nature of Waste Gases
 B. Gas Movement through Soil
 C. Gas Control
 1. Reduction in Production
 2. Channels, Vents, Piping, Cover Control, and Barriers
 3. Collection and Absorption of Gases
 4. Chemical Combinations
 D. Gas Monitoring
 III. Odor Control
 A. Origin and Nature
 B. Odor Detection and Movement
 C. Odor Control
 D. Odor Monitoring
 IV. Aerosols
 A. Microbial Aerosols
 B. Dust and Other Emissions
 V. Soil Filter-Scrubbers A. ApplicationB. General Principles and Procedures for Use
 C. Biochemical and Biological Aspects
 D. Physical Aspects
 References
 PREDICTING POLLUTION TRANSFORMATIONS AND MOBILITY
 Chapter 4: Screening Protocol for Predicting Waste Treatability
 I. Scope
 A. Disposal Controls
 B. Purpose
 C. Generating Data for Predictions
 D. Previous Work
 II. Screening Tests and Pilot Experiments
 A. Requirements of the Test
 B. Controlled Laboratory Tests vs. Natural Field Tests
 III. Specific Methods
 A. Soil Sampling
 B. Chemical Analyses
 C. Physical Analyses D. Microbial Population and Biodegradation1. Dilution Plating Technique
 2. Respirometry
 E. Acute Microbial Toxicity and Biodegradation
 1. Toxicity Reduction via MicrotoxTM Analyzer
 2. Field Plot Toxicity Reduction Experiments
 3. Dehydrogenase Activity Method
 F. Chronic Microbial Toxicity and Mutagenicity
 G. Phytotoxicity
 1. Seed Germination Method
 2. Seedling Establishment Method
 3. Root Mat Technique
 H. Mineral Excess and Plant Growth Decrement
 1. Controlled-Environment Plot Experiments
 2. Field-Plot Experiments
 I. Permeability
 J. Volatilization
 K. Soil Erosion