Software Design Methodology: From Principles to Architectural Styles

Software Design Methodology......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 11
List of Tables......Page 14
Preface......Page 15
1. Basic Concepts of Design......Page 18
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 19
1.2.2 The outcome and results of designs......Page 21
1.2.5 Problem solving and decision making......Page 22
1.2.7 Evolution and optimisation in a solution space of diversity......Page 23
1.3.1 Statement of design problem and objectives......Page 24
1.3.3 Description of product......Page 28
1.3.4 Rationale......Page 30
1.3.5 Plan of production......Page 31
1.3.6 Description of usage......Page 32
1.4 THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT DESIGNS......Page 33
2. Design Quality......Page 44
2.1.1 Hierarchical models......Page 45
2.1.2 Relational models......Page 46
2.2.1 Efficiency......Page 50
2.2.3 Portability......Page 52
2.2.5 Reusability......Page 53
2.2.6 Interoperability......Page 54
2.3.1 Witt, Baker and Merritt’s design objectives......Page 56
2.3.2 Parnas and Weiss’s requirements of good designs......Page 57
2.3.3 Quality of development process......Page 58
3. Design Principles......Page 64
3.1.1 Causes of difficulties......Page 65
3.1.2 Vehicles to overcome difficulties......Page 68
3.1.3 Basic rules of software design......Page 70
3.2.1 The context of design in software development process......Page 72
3.2.2 Generic design process: descriptive models......Page 75
3.2.3 Design strategies: prescriptive models......Page 77
3.3 STRUCTURE OF SOFTWARE DESIGN METHODS......Page 83
4. Software Architecture......Page 90
4.1.1 Architecture in the discipline of buildings......Page 91
4.1.2 Architecture in the discipline of computer hardware......Page 94
4.1.3 The general notion of architecture......Page 99
4.2 THE NOTION OF SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE......Page 101
4.2.1 Prescriptive models......Page 102
4.2.2 Descriptive models......Page 103
4.2.3 Multiple view models......Page 104
4.2.4 The roles of architecture in software design......Page 109
4.3.1 Introductory examples......Page 111
4.3.2 The notion of software architectural style......Page 118
5. Description of Software Architectures......Page 128
5.1.1 Active and passive elements......Page 129
5.1.2 Data and control......Page 130
5.1.3 Relationships......Page 131
5.1.4 Decomposition/composition of architectural elements......Page 132
5.2 EXAMPLE 1: WWW CLIENT-SERVER PAIR......Page 134
5.3 EXAMPLE 2: ROBOT SOCCER UNSW......Page 137
5.4 EXAMPLE 3: TRAINING CENTRES’ MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM......Page 140
6. Typical Architectural Styles......Page 152
6.1.1 The general data flow style......Page 155
6.1.2 The pipe-and-filter sub-style......Page 158
6.1.3 The batch sequential processing sub-style......Page 161
6.2.1 The general independent components style......Page 164
6.2.2 The event based implicit invocation systems sub-style......Page 166
6.2.3 The communicating processes sub-style......Page 169
6.3.1 The general call and return style......Page 171
6.3.2 The layered systems sub-style......Page 175
6.3.3 Data abstraction: the abstract data type and object-oriented sub-styles......Page 176
6.4 DATA-CENTRED......Page 179
6.5 VIRTUAL MACHINE......Page 181
7. Using Styles in Design......Page 190
7.1 CHOICES OF STYLES......Page 191
7.2.1 Hierarchical heterogeneous styles......Page 196
7.2.2 Simultaneously heterogeneous styles......Page 197
7.2.3 Locationally heterogeneous styles......Page 198
7.3.1 Specification of the problem......Page 201
7.3.2 Designs in various styles......Page 202
7.3.3 Analysis and comparison......Page 207
8. Architectural Design Space......Page 216
8.1.1 Structure of design spaces......Page 217
8.1.2 Solving design synthesis and analysis problems......Page 220
8.2.1 Behaviour features......Page 222
8.2.2 Static features......Page 227
8.3.1 Characteristic features of architectural styles......Page 233
8.3.2 Classification of styles......Page 235
9. Scenario-Based Analysis and Evaluation......Page 242
9.1 THE CONCEPT OF SCENARIO......Page 243
9.2.1 Changes of users’ functional requirements......Page 246
9.2.2 Changes of hardware environment......Page 248
9.2.3 Changes of software environment......Page 249
9.2.4 Changes of software components......Page 250
9.2.5 Evaluation of modifiability......Page 251
9.3.1 Specification of operational profiles......Page 252
9.3.2 Evaluation and analysis of performance......Page 254
9.4 SCENARIOS FOR EVALUATING REUSABILITY......Page 258
10. Analysis and Evaluation of Modifiability: The SAAM Method......Page 266
10.1 THE INPUT AND OUTPUT......Page 267
10.2 THE PROCESS......Page 269
10.2.1 Development of scenarios......Page 271
10.2.2 Description of candidate architecture......Page 272
10.2.4 Scenario evaluation......Page 275
10.2.5 Revealing scenario interaction......Page 276
10.2.6 Overall evaluation......Page 278
10.3.2 Main program/subroutine with shared data architecture......Page 280
10.3.3 Abstract data type architecture......Page 284
10.3.4 Implicit invocation architecture......Page 285
10.3.5 Pipe-and-filter architecture......Page 287
10.3.6 Overall evaluation......Page 289
11. Quality Trade-off Analysis: The ATAM Method......Page 294
11.1 ATAM ANALYSIS PROCESS......Page 296
11.2.3 Step 3: Present the architectural design......Page 300
11.2.5 Step 5: Generate the quality attribute utility tree......Page 301
11.2.6 Step 6: Analyse the architectural design decisions......Page 302
11.2.7 Step 7: Brainstorm and prioritise scenarios......Page 308
11.2.9 Step 9: Present the results......Page 310
12. Model-Based Analysis: The HASARD Method......Page 316
12.1 REPRESENTATION OF QUALITY MODELS......Page 318
12.2 CONSTRUCTION OF QUALITY MODELS......Page 323
12.2.1 Hazard identification......Page 324
12.2.2 Cause-consequence analysis......Page 327
12.2.3 Assembling graphic model......Page 331
12.2.4 Identification of quality concerns......Page 332
12.3.1 Contribution factors of a quality concern......Page 334
12.3.2 Sensitive quality attributes of a component......Page 335
12.3.3 Quality risks......Page 337
12.3.4 Trade-off points......Page 338
12.4.1 Description of the architecture......Page 339
12.4.2 Construction of quality model......Page 340
12.4.3 Analysis of quality features......Page 345
EXERCISES......Page 347
REFERENCES......Page 350
Index......Page 352