Software Architecture Metrics

Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
	What Will You Learn?
	Who This Book Is For
	Conventions Used in This Book
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact Us
	Acknowledgments
		Christian Ciceri
		Dave Farley
		Neal Ford
		Andrew Harmel-Law
		Michael Keeling
		Carola Lilienthal
		João Rosa
		Alexander von Zitzewitz
		Rene Weiss
		Eoin Woods
Chapter 1. Four Key Metrics Unleashed
	Definition and Instrumentation
	Refactoring Your Mental Model
		Pipelines as Your First Port of Call
		Locating Your Instrumentation Points
	Capture and Calculation
	Display and Understanding
		Target Audience
		Visualization
		Front Page
	Discussions and Understanding
	Ownership and Improvement
	Conclusion
Chapter 2. The Fitness Function Testing Pyramid: An Analogy for Architectural Tests and Metrics
	Fitness Functions and Metrics
		Fitness Functions: Test Coverage
		Fitness Functions: Integration Tests with Network Latency
	Introduction to Fitness Function Categories
		Mandatory Fitness Function Categories
		Optional Fitness Function Categories
		Fitness Function Categories: Catalog Overview
	The Testing Pyramid
	The Fitness Function Testing Pyramid
		The Top Layer
		The Middle Layer
		The Bottom Layer
	Examples and Their Full Categorization
	Fully Categorizing Top-Layer Examples
	Developing Your Fitness Functions and Metrics
	Conclusion
Chapter 3. Evolutionary Architecture: Guiding Architecture with Testability and Deployability
	The Importance of Learning and Discovery
	The Tools of Sustainable Change
	Testability: Creating High-Quality Systems
	Deployability: Scaling Development of Our Systems
	Conclusion
Chapter 4. Improve Your Architecture with the Modularity Maturity Index
	Technical Debt
	Origination of Technical Debt
	Assessment with the MMI
	Modularity
	Hierarchy
	Pattern Consistency
	Calculating the MMI
	Architecture Review to Determine the MMI
	Conclusion
Chapter 5. Private Builds and Metrics: Tools for Surviving DevOps Transitions
	Key Terms
		CI/CD
		DevOps
	The “Ownership Shift”
	Empowering the Local Environment Again
	The Private Build
	Case Study: The Unstable Trunk
		Bug A1
		Bug A2
		Bug A3
		Bug A4
	Case Study: The Blocked Consultant
	Metrics
		Time to Feedback
		Evitable Integration Issues in the Deployed Application per Iteration
		Time Spent Restoring Trunk Stability per Iteration
		The Cost of Private Builds
	Metrics in Practice
		High Time to Feedback, High Evitable Integration Issues, Low Time to Trunk Stability
		Low Time to Feedback, High Evitable Integration Issues, Low Time to Trunk Stability
		High Time to Feedback, Low Evitable Integration Issues, Low Time to Trunk Stability
		Low Evitable Integration Issues and High Time to Trunk Stability
	Conclusion
Chapter 6. Scaling an Organization: The Central Role of Software Architecture
	YourFinFreedom Breaks the Monolith
	Implementing a Distributed Big Ball of Mud
	Seeking Direction
	From Best Effort to Intentional Effort
	Increasing Software Architecture Intentionality, Guided by Metrics
	Managing Expectations with Communication
	Learning and Evolving the Architecture
	And What About Anna?
	Conclusion
Chapter 7. The Role of Measurement in Software Architecture
	Adding Measurement to Software Architecture
	Measurement Approaches
		Runtime Measurement of Applications and Infrastructure
		Software Analysis
		Design Analysis
		Estimates and Models
		Fitness Functions
	Measuring System Qualities
		Performance
		Scalability
		Availability
		Security
	Getting Started
	Hypothetical Case Study
	Pitfalls
	Conclusion
Chapter 8. Progressing from Metrics to Engineering
	The Path to Fitness Functions
	From Metrics to Engineering
	Automation Operationalizes Metrics
	Case Study: Coupling
	Case Study: Zero-Day Security Check
	Case Study: Fidelity Fitness Functions
	Conclusion
Chapter 9. Using Software Metrics to Ensure Maintainability
	The Case for Using Metrics
		Entropy Kills Software
		The Toxicity of Cyclic Dependencies
		How Metrics Can Help
	Why Are Metrics Not More Widely Used?
	Tools to Gather Metrics
	Useful Metrics
		Metrics to Measure Coupling and Structural Erosion
		Metrics to Measure Size and Complexity
		Change History Metrics
		Other Useful Metrics
	Architectural Fitness Functions
	How to Track Metrics over Time
	A Few Golden Rules for Better Software
	Conclusion
Chapter 10. Measure the Unknown with the Goal-Question-Metric Approach
	The Goal-Question-Metric Approach
		Create a GQM Tree
		Prioritize Metrics and Devise a Data Collection Strategy
	Case Study: The Team That Learned to See the Future
		System Context
		Incident #1: Too Many Requests to the Foo Service
		Incident #2: Seeing the Future
		Reflection
	Run a GQM Workshop
		Workshop Summary
		Workshop Steps
		Facilitation Guidelines and Hints
	Conclusion
Index
About the Authors
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