Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access (GeoJournal Library)

0......Page 1
Societies and Cities in the Age of Instant Access......Page 2
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 13
PART1 Introduction......Page 14
Introduction......Page 15
What is accessibility?......Page 16
Wireless communication......Page 17
Location-aware technologies......Page 19
Pervasive computing......Page 20
Ambient findability......Page 21
Time geography......Page 22
Space-time convergence and telepresence......Page 25
Cooperation and reputation......Page 27
Interactions between physical and virtual space......Page 30
Cities and the built environment......Page 32
Activities in space and time......Page 33
Transportation......Page 34
Mobile information services......Page 35
Social and economic networks......Page 36
Community......Page 37
References......Page 38
PART2 Cities and the Built Environment......Page 41
Introduction......Page 42
Towards critical expanse......Page 43
The (new) middle landscape......Page 45
Conclusion......Page 46
Notes......Page 47
References......Page 48
2 Terminologische Vorüberlegungen zu den Begriffen „Mobilität“ und „Verkehr“......Page 49
2.1 Soziale Mobilität......Page 51
2.3 Räumlich-zeitliche Mobilität......Page 52
2.4 Abgrenzung der Begriffe „Mobilität“ und „Verkehr“......Page 55
Introduction......Page 56
Information parametric......Page 57
Information interoperability......Page 58
Information legacy......Page 59
Information simulation......Page 60
Simulation types......Page 61
BIM-derived data as input for planning models......Page 62
Performance-based planning......Page 64
BIM in disaster planning......Page 66
BIM and the planning process......Page 67
Conclusion: implementation challenges......Page 68
References......Page 69
Introduction......Page 70
Myth 2: The extensible individual......Page 72
Myth 4: Physical networking will be substituted for by virtual......Page 73
Myth 7: Casting away our material bodies......Page 74
Cities in the age of instant access?…A thought experiment......Page 75
Substitution......Page 77
Equalization......Page 78
Human nature......Page 79
Conclusion......Page 80
References......Page 81
PART3 Activities in Space and Time......Page 83
Introduction......Page 84
The changing use of time......Page 85
IT/instant access, and time use: Implications for physical activity......Page 87
The built environment and physical activity......Page 90
IT/instant access, the built environment, and physical activity......Page 91
Outlining a research agenda......Page 95
References......Page 96
Introduction......Page 99
Time geography......Page 100
Virtual space, tele-presence, and virtual activities......Page 101
An extended time-geographical framework for physical and virtual activities......Page 102
Relationships of physical space and virtual space......Page 103
Capability constraints......Page 104
Coupling constraints......Page 105
Space-time paths with physical and virtual activities......Page 106
Adjusted space-time prisms for virtual activities......Page 108
Human interactions in the age of instant access......Page 110
Conclusions......Page 112
References......Page 114
Introduction......Page 115
Time geography for the age of instant access......Page 116
The creation of marker episodes, assignations and prisms......Page 118
Information and assignations......Page 122
Opening game: assignations and ICT in two domains......Page 123
Conclusions......Page 125
References......Page 127
Introduction......Page 129
Integrating spatialization with geospatial data and technology......Page 130
Traveling in attribute space: Applications and examples......Page 133
Single path across a single geographic area......Page 134
Multiple paths across a single geographic area......Page 136
Comparing paths within multiple geographic areas......Page 139
Conclusions......Page 143
Acknowledgements......Page 144
References......Page 145
PART4 Transportation......Page 146
Introduction......Page 147
Literature review......Page 148
Research methodology......Page 151
Socioeconomic characteristics......Page 153
VMT......Page 154
Number of trips......Page 156
Number of walking trips......Page 157
Conclusion......Page 158
References......Page 159
Introduction......Page 161
Acceptance of mobility information and travel behavior......Page 162
Data basis......Page 164
Awareness and use of mobility information (services)......Page 165
Influencing travel behavior by mobility information?......Page 167
Conclusion......Page 171
References......Page 172
Introduction......Page 173
Geosensor networks......Page 175
Constraints of trip planning......Page 177
The planning task......Page 178
The negotiation needs......Page 179
Communication strategies......Page 180
Offers, bookings and cancellations......Page 181
The simulation in an example......Page 182
Requests......Page 183
Offers......Page 184
Specification of the simulation......Page 185
Simulation results......Page 186
Acknowledgements......Page 187
References......Page 188
Introduction......Page 189
Mobile information and communication technology......Page 190
Notions of privacy......Page 191
Notions of public spaces......Page 192
Impacts on public spaces......Page 193
Research aims......Page 194
Results......Page 195
Final remarks......Page 196
Notes......Page 197
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 200
Locational privacy principles......Page 201
Data masks......Page 203
Geographic masks......Page 205
Anonymity, k-anonymity and pseudonymity......Page 207
Towards a spatiotemporal model of locational disclosure......Page 210
Representation of tracked objects......Page 211
Uncertainty......Page 212
Anonymity......Page 213
References......Page 214
Introduction......Page 217
Geographic information systems......Page 218
Wireless communication technology......Page 219
Standards......Page 220
New value-added service for LBS......Page 221
Purchasing and stopping cost......Page 223
Solution algorithms......Page 225
Concierge service applications......Page 226
Mobile navigation services......Page 227
Notes......Page 228
References......Page 229
Cyberlocal, Dataspace and DigiPlace......Page 230
GoogleLocal and the construction of DigiPlace......Page 232
Creating a hybrid measure of distance......Page 235
Changing notions of visibility......Page 236
Spatially elastic......Page 237
Individually determined......Page 238
Temporally dynamic......Page 239
Conclusion......Page 241
Notes......Page 242
Reference......Page 243
Introduction......Page 244
Laws of media: The double-helix structure of the social consequences of technological innovations......Page 245
LBS: The media and the messages......Page 248
LBS: The media......Page 249
The message of LBS (E) - What does LBS enhance?......Page 250
The message of LBS (O): What does LBS make obsolete?......Page 251
The message of LBS (Rt): What does LBS retrieve?......Page 253
The message of LBS (Rv): What does LBS reverse into?......Page 254
Summary and conclusions: Can we avoid the tragedy of the information commons?......Page 255
Acknowledgement......Page 256
References......Page 257
PART6 Social and Economic Networks......Page 261
Background: The blogging phenomena......Page 262
Blog types......Page 263
Blogstypes......Page 264
Utility of blogging and other communication data in social sciences......Page 265
Does blogging differ by zip code?......Page 266
Datasets and methodology used in the presentresearch......Page 268
Opinion leaders and influencers......Page 270
Community extraction......Page 272
Further characterization of networks......Page 273
Blogging in response to natural disaster......Page 274
References......Page 278
Introduction......Page 281
Signs of the economic divide: Mobile phone usage and availability among low-income population......Page 282
Poor landline infrastructure......Page 283
The rise of pre-paid phones......Page 285
Social usages: On some consequences of technology development and price policies......Page 286
High-income population: Access to the same services and same behavior patterns as in the ``developed'' world?......Page 287
Are cell phones redefining the digital divide? Considerations about the use of mobiletechnologies among low income population......Page 289
Conclusions......Page 292
Notes......Page 293
References......Page 294
Introduction......Page 297
Disintermediation vs. reintermediation......Page 298
Migration of firms from real to virtual space: e-logistics providers......Page 299
Geographic dimensions......Page 302
Constructing an agent-based model (ABM) of the logistics industry......Page 303
Model design......Page 305
Model implementation: programming, testing, analysis, and validation......Page 306
Conclusion......Page 308
References......Page 309
PART7 Community......Page 314
Introduction......Page 315
TIP decision processes and access to public meetings......Page 317
Rethinking public participation as access within public meetings......Page 319
Conclusions and next steps for modeling participation and meaning-making......Page 323
References......Page 324
Introduction......Page 327
The network......Page 329
Content and activities......Page 331
The effect of new and rich media......Page 332
Future of education and visual information......Page 333
Content provision......Page 334
Network lessons......Page 336
Generation of business opportunities......Page 337
Conclusion......Page 339
References......Page 340
Index......Page 341