Social Stratification: Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective

Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
Resources for the Study of Poverty and Inequality
1. Introduction
	The Questions We Ask About Inequality
	The Stories We Tell About Inequality
PART I: THE FUNCTIONS AND DYSFUNCTIONS OF INEQUALITY
	2 Some Principles of Stratification
	3 Some Principles of Stratification: A Critical Analysis
	4 Inequality by Design
PART II: INEQUALITY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
	CROSS-SOCIETAL DIFFERENCES
		5 A Compressed History of Inequality
		6 The Welfare State and Redistribution
	TRENDS IN ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
		7 Top Incomes in the Long Run of History
		8 The Race Between Education and Technology
		9 Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality
		10 Why Is Income Inequality Growing?
		11 Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organization, and the Precipitous Rise of  Top Incomes in the United States
		12 Leapfrogs and the Surge in Executive Pay
		13 The Winners of the Third Industrial Revolution
PART III: THE STRUCTURE OF INEQUALITY
	MARXIAN THEORIES OF CLASS
		14 Alienation and Social Classes
			Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism
			Ideology and Class
		15 Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society
		16 A General Framework for the Analysis of Class Structure
		17 Class Conflict in the Capitalist World Economy
	WEBERIAN THEORIES OF CLASS
		18 Class, Status, Party
			Status Groups and Classes
			Open and Closed Relationships
		19 The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies
		20 Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique
		21 Is There a Status Order in Contemporary British Society?
	DURKHEIMIAN THEORIES OF CLASS
		22 The Division of Labor in Society
		23 The Changing Form of Inequality
	CLASSIC GRADATIONALISM
		24 Occupational Prestige in Comparative Perspective
		25 Occupational Grading and Occupational Prestige
		26 Prestige or Socioeconomic Scales in the Study of Occupational Achievement?
		27 Socioeconomic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, Update, and Critique
	THE NEW GRADATIONALISM?
		28 Foundations of a Rent-Based Class Analysis
		29 From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality
PART IV: THE RULING CLASS, ELITES, AND THE UPPER CLASS
	CLASSIC STATEMENTS
		30 The Ruling Class
		31 The Power Elite
		32 Elites and Power
	CONTEMPORARY STATEMENTS
		33 Who Rules America?
		34 The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class
		35 Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There
		36 Post-Communist Managerialism
		37 China’s Evolving Oligarchy
PART V: POVERTY AND THE UNDERCLASS
	THE EXPERIENCE OF POVERTY
		38 Nickel and Dimed
		39 Low-Income Urban Fathers and the “Package Deal” of Family Life
	POVERTY AND THE ECONOMY
		40 Being Poor, Black, and American
		41 Poverty and the Great Recession
	THE EFFECTS OF POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONS
		42 How Rich Countries Lift Up the Poor
		43 Taxing the Poor: How Some States Make Poverty Worse
	NEIGHBORHOODS AND SEGREGATION
		44 American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
		45 Legacies of Inequality
		46 Does Changing Neighborhoods Change Lives?
		47 The Legacy of Multigenerational Disadvantage
	HOW IMPORTANT IS EARLY CHILDHOOD?
		48 Skill Formation and the Economics of Investing in Disadvantaged Children
		49 The Long Reach of Early Childhood Poverty
		50 Stressing Out the Poor
	INCARCERATION AND POVERTY
		51 Incarceration and Social Inequality
PART VI: WHO GETS AHEAD?
	CLASS MOBILITY
		52 A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility
		53 Trends in Class Mobility: The Post-War European Experience
		54 Social Mobility in Europe
		55 It’s a Decent Bet That Our Children Will Be Professors Too
	INCOME MOBILITY
		56 Intergenerational Income Mobility
		57 Advantage in Comparative Perspective
	CLASSIC MODELS OF STATUS ATTAINMENT
		58 The Process of Stratification
		59 Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America
	EDUCATION AND REPRODUCTION
		60 Explaining Educational Differentials
		61 The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor
		62 Nonpersistent Inequality in Educational Attainment
		63 Determined to Succeed
		64 Towards a Theory of Inequality in Higher Education
		65 Does College Still Have Equalizing Effects?
		66 Who Benefits Most from College?
	SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS
		67 The Educational and Early Occupational Attainment Process
		68 Ain’t No Makin’ It: Leveled Aspirations in a Low-Income Neighborhood
		69 A New Social Psychological Model of Educational Attainment
	LABOR MARKETS
		70 The Dual Labor Market: Theory and Implications
		71 An Outline of a Theory of the Matching of Persons to Jobs
		72 The Rise of Precarious Work
		73 Little Labor: How Union Decline Is Changing the American Landscape
	SOCIAL CAPITAL, NETWORKS, AND ATTAINMENT
		74 The Strength of Weak Ties
		75 Social Networks and Status Attainment
		76 Structural Holes
		77 Networks, Race, and Hiring
		78 When Do Social Networks Increase Inequality?
PART VII: RACE AND ETHNICITY
	CONSTRUCTING RACIAL CATEGORIES
		79 Racial Formation in the United States
		80 The Dynamics of Racial Fluidity and Inequality
	CLASSIC MODES OF INCORPORATION
		81 A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market
		82 The Immigrant Enclave: Theory and Empirical Examples
		83 Assimilation Theory for an Era of Unprecedented Diversity
	NEW MODES OF INCORPORATION
		84 The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants
		85 Why Replenishment Strengthens Racial and Ethnic Boundaries
	DISCRIMINATION
		86 Are Emily and Greg More Employable Than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
		87 Stereotype Threat and African-American Student Achievement
		88 Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration
	ARE RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISTINCTIONS DECLINING IN SIGNIFICANCE?
		89 The Declining Significance of Race: Blacks and Changing American Institutions
			The Declining Significance of Race: Revisited and Revised
		90 How Do Latino Immigrants Fit into the Racial Order?
		91 Are Recent Trends in Intermarriage Consistent with Assimilation Theory?
PART VIII: GENDER INEQUALITY
	LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
		92 The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work
		93 The Opt-Out Revolution
		94 Opting Out?
	DISCRIMINATION
		95 Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of “Blind” Auditions on Female Musicians
		96 Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?
		97 Do Openly Gay Men Experience Employment Discrimination?
		98 Rethinking Employment Discrimination and Its Remedies
		99 Discrimination: Conscious or Nonconscious?
	SEX SEGREGATION
		100 The Structure and Process of Sex Segregation
		101 Revolving Doors: Sex Segregation and Women’s Careers
		102 Labor Markets as Queues: A Structural Approach to Changing Occupational Sex Composition
		103 Glass Ceilings in Corporate Law Firms
		104 Egalitarianism and Gender Inequality
	GENDER GAP IN WAGES
		105 The Within Gender Wage Gap
		106 Devaluation and the Pay of Comparable Male and Female Occupations
		107 Why Do Female Occupations Pay Less?
		108 The Sources of the Gender Pay Gap
	HOW GENDER INTERSECTS
		109 Why Race, Class, and Gender Matter
		110 Double Jeopardy
	A STALLING OUT?
		111 The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled
		112 The Anti-Feminist Backlash and Recent Trends in Gender Attitudes
		113 The Persistence of Gender Inequality
PART IX: THE CONSEQUENCES OF INEQUALITY
	LIFESTYLES
		114 Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
		115 The Social Stratification of Theater, Dance, and Cinema Attendance
		116 Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life
		117 Income Inequality and Income Segregation
	POLITICS AND ATTITUDES
		118 What’s the Matter with Kansas?
		119 The Realignment of U.S. Presidential Voting
	HEALTH
		120 Health Inequalities and the Psychosocial Environment: Two Scientific Challenges
		121 The Fundamentals of Fundamental Causality
		122 Why Do Mortality Disparities Persist?
PART X: THE FUTURE OF INEQUALITY
	INDUSTRIALISM AND POST-INDUSTRIALISM
		123 The Coming of Post-Industrial Society
		124 Social Foundations of Post-Industrial Economies
		125 The Labor Force and the Great Recession
	POST-SOCIALISM
		126 Post-Socialist Stratification
		127 Making Capitalism Without Capitalists
		128 Elite Opportunity in Transitions from State Socialism
	POST-MODERNITY AND HIGH MODERNITY
		129 The Evolution of Modern Stratification Systems
		130 Social Justice and Social Divisions
	GLOBALIZATION AND INEQUALITY
		131 Globalism’s Discontents
		132 The New Geography of Global Income Inequality
About the Editors
Names Index
Subject Index