Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness

Cover......Page 1
Part II: Social-cognitive Processes in Health......Page 6
Part IV - Adaptation to Stress and Chronic Illness......Page 7
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Introduction......Page 11
The Present Volume......Page 15
Organization of the Present Volume......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 20
References......Page 21
Part I - Models of Health/Risk Behavior and Behavior Change......Page 22
Introduction......Page 24
Scientific Inferences about Health......Page 28
The Terman Cohort......Page 29
Neglect of Precursors and Complex Causal Pathways, Including Self-selection into Environments......Page 31
Personality......Page 34
Co-morbidity......Page 37
Conclusion......Page 38
References......Page 39
Initial Steps......Page 43
Unrealistic Optimism about Personal Risk......Page 44
Finding the Right Context for Health Behavior Research......Page 48
Risk Perceptions and Precautions for Radon......Page 49
Radon Experiments......Page 51
The Risk Perception–Risk Behavior Literature......Page 53
Reducing Unrealistic Optimism about Personal Risk......Page 56
Stages of Precaution Adoption......Page 59
What We Don’t Know......Page 67
Toward the Future......Page 69
Note......Page 70
References......Page 71
Introduction......Page 75
Highlights from a Ten-year Program of Research on Health Message Framing......Page 79
Mechanism......Page 86
Summary......Page 96
References......Page 97
Introduction......Page 103
The Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model......Page 104
Establishing the Generality of the IMB Model as an Approach to Understanding and Promoting Health Behavior......Page 113
Concluding Comments......Page 123
References......Page 124
Introduction......Page 128
Reasoned Approaches......Page 129
The Prototype/Willingness Model......Page 130
Sources of Risk Images......Page 140
Changing Risk Cognitions and Risk Behavior......Page 144
Conclusion......Page 149
References......Page 150
Introduction......Page 158
Social Psychological Theories and Affect......Page 160
The Concept of Worry......Page 164
Does Worry Matter? Worry and Breast Cancer Screening......Page 166
Implications......Page 177
Note......Page 182
References......Page 183
Introduction......Page 190
Misjudging Risk Information......Page 191
Underestimating Self-relevant Risk......Page 195
Forming an Intention to Change: Continuum Models of Health Behavior......Page 199
Different Processes at Different Stages: Dynamic Models of Health Behavior Change......Page 202
Conclusions......Page 210
Acknowledgments......Page 212
References......Page 213
Part II - Social-cognitive Processes in Health......Page 218
Introduction......Page 220
Self-referral Delay: The Layperson as Diagnostician......Page 221
Fundamental Psychological Processes in Symptom Perception......Page 223
The Role of Illness Representations in Common Sense Models of Illness......Page 226
The Role of Affect in Common Sense Models of Illness......Page 231
Social Context and Common Sense Models of Illness......Page 234
The Lay Referral Network......Page 236
References......Page 239
Introduction......Page 247
Early History......Page 248
Theoretical Developments in Social Comparison after Festinger and Schachter......Page 250
Can Social Comparisons Make People Sick?......Page 255
Role of Comparisons in Prevention and Health Behaviors......Page 258
Social Comparison and Patients’ Adaptation to Illness......Page 264
References......Page 270
Introduction......Page 277
Historical Perspectives on Dyadic Relationships, Emotions, and Health......Page 280
Theoretical Perspectives on Close Relationships and Emotional Regulation......Page 283
Translation from Theory to Research......Page 291
Implications and Speculations Concerning Future Research on Interpersonal Emotional Processes in Adjustment......Page 296
Further Complexities......Page 300
References......Page 303
A Brief History of the Writing Paradigm......Page 309
Cognitive Integration Ideas......Page 312
Explorations into Language......Page 314
In Search of Cognitive Measures......Page 320
Towards a Theory of Social Integration......Page 321
Individual Differences......Page 326
General Summary and Theoretical/ Practical Implications......Page 328
References......Page 330
Introduction......Page 335
The Psychology of Affiliation......Page 337
Benefits of Social Support......Page 338
Physiologic and Neuroendocrine Studies of Acute Stress......Page 339
Studies of Responses to Acute Stress......Page 340
Gender, Affiliation, and Stress Responses......Page 341
Gender, Affiliation, and Neuroendocrine Responses......Page 343
Acknowledgments......Page 346
References......Page 347
Part III - Personality and Health......Page 354
Introduction......Page 356
Cardiovascular Reactivity and the Development of Coronary Heart Disease......Page 357
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease......Page 359
A Primer of Interpersonal Theory and Methods......Page 362
Circumplex Concepts and Methods in Reactivity Research......Page 366
Future Directions......Page 377
References......Page 379
Introduction......Page 388
Unmitigated Communion and Health......Page 392
Explanations for Unmitigated Communion and Poor Health......Page 393
Unmitigated Agency and Health......Page 402
Explanations for Unmitigated Agency and Poor Health......Page 403
Conclusions......Page 410
References......Page 411
Introduction......Page 416
Behavioral Self-regulation......Page 417
Optimism, Pessimism, and Coping with Health Threats......Page 433
Optimism, Pessimism, and Coping......Page 438
Concluding Comment......Page 443
References......Page 444
Restorative Function in the Context of“Positive Psychology”......Page 452
Social Interaction as Restoration......Page 457
Natural Environments as Restoration......Page 461
Sleep, Restoration, and Health......Page 463
Physical Activity as Restoration......Page 464
Conclusions: Psychological Aspects of Restorative Function......Page 466
References......Page 467
Introduction......Page 479
Broad Dimensions versus Narrow Strategies......Page 481
Assessing Strategies versus Functions......Page 483
Specificity Imbalance in Current Inventories vis-à-vis Emotion- versus Problem-focused Strategies......Page 485
Assessment of Dispositional versus Situated Coping......Page 487
Some Representative Findings Using a Multidimensional Coping Inventory......Page 488
Need for More Sophisticated Analytic Strategies......Page 496
The Value of Multiple or Alternative Methodologies......Page 501
Conclusions......Page 509
Notes......Page 510
References......Page 511
Introduction......Page 516
The Daily Process Paradigm......Page 517
Daily Stress and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease......Page 520
The Measurement and Temporal Dynamics of Coping......Page 529
The Pursuit of Personal Goals in Daily Life with Chronic Pain......Page 532
Daily Processes in Substance Use......Page 537
Acknowledgments......Page 543
References......Page 544
Introduction......Page 551
Coping with Chronic Illness......Page 552
Examining Marital Coping within an Ecological Framework......Page 554
Conceptual Models of Marital-level Coping......Page 559
On with the Dance: Couples’ Coping with Rheumatic Disease......Page 561
The Missing Variable of Gender......Page 567
Concluding Remarks......Page 573
Notes......Page 574
References......Page 575
Index......Page 581