Smithsonian Physical Tables

000 - CC0BFBD19BA20E19799117DB4BCB99.pdf......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 0
Preface to the Ninth Revised Edition......Page 2
Table 1. Temperature Conversion Table......Page 3
Table of Contents......Page 5
Units of Measurement......Page 8
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Formulae......Page 9
Part 1. Geometrical and Mechanical Units......Page 11
Part 2. Heat Units......Page 14
Part 3. Electrical and Magnetic Units......Page 17
Part 1. Selection of Fundamental Quantities......Page 20
Part 2. Some Proposed Systems of Units......Page 22
Part 3. Electrical and Magnetic Units......Page 23
Part 4. The Ordinary and the Ampere-turn Magnetic Units......Page 25
Table 4. The New (1948) System of Electric Units......Page 26
Table 6. Relative Values of the Three Systems of Electrical Units......Page 27
Table 7. Conversion Factors for Units of Energy......Page 28
Table 8. Former Electrical Equivalents......Page 29
Table 9. Derivatives and Integrals......Page 30
Table 10. Mathematical Series......Page 31
Table 11. Mathematical Constants......Page 32
Table 12. Factorials......Page 33
Table 13. Formulas for Moments of Inertia, Radii of Gyration, and Weights of Various Shaped Solids......Page 34
Table 14. Logarithms......Page 35
Table 15. Circular (Trigonometric) Functions......Page 39
Table 16. Methods of Averaging Data......Page 44
Table 18. Values of P......Page 47
Table 19. Values of the Constants, Kn, Entering Least-Squares Solutions, Using the Abbreviated Method of Baily and of Cox and Matuschak, When the Number of Terms, n, is Odd......Page 48
Table 20. Values of the Constants, Kn, Entering Least-Squares Solutions, Using the Abbreviated Method of Baily and of Cox and Matuschak, When the Number of Terms, n, is Even......Page 49
Table 22. Further Values of P......Page 50
Table 24. Values of the Factor 0.6745 square root 1/n(n-1)......Page 51
Table 25. Least Squares......Page 52
Tables 26-28. General Physical Constants......Page 53
Table 26. General Physjcal Constants According to Birge......Page 54
Table 27. Table of Least-Squares Adjusted Output Values of Physical Constants......Page 58
Table 28. General Physical Constants According to Bearden and Associates......Page 61
Table 29. Spelling and Abbreviations of the Common Units of Weight and Measure......Page 63
Table 30. Dimensional Equations of Fundamental and Derived Units......Page 64
Table 31. Fundamental Units of Length, Area, Volume, and Mass......Page 67
Table 32. Tables for Converting U.S. Weights and Measures......Page 68
Table 33. Equivalents of Metric and British Imperial Weights and Measures......Page 71
Table 34. Volume of a Glass Vessel from the Weight of Its Equivalent Volume of Mercury or Water......Page 75
Table 36. Reductions of Densities in Air to Vacuo......Page 76
Table 37. The International Temperature Scale of 1948......Page 77
Table 40. Corresponding Temperatures on the International Temperature Scales of 1948 and 1927......Page 78
Table 43. Correction for Temperature of Emergent Mercurial Thermometer Thread......Page 79
Table 45. Reduction of Gas Thermometers to Thermodynamic Scale......Page 80
Table 46. Some Old Thermoelectric Temperature Scales......Page 81
Table 48. Reference Table for Pt to Pt-10 Percent Rh Thermocouple......Page 82
Table 49. Corresponding Values of Temperature and Electro-Motive Force for Iron-Constantan Thermocouples......Page 83
Table 50. Corresponding Values of Temperature and Electro-Motive Force for Iron-Constantan Thermocouples......Page 84
Table 51. Standard Fahrenheit Table for Chromel-Alumel Thermocouples......Page 85
Table 52. Symbols and Defining Expressions for Radiant Energy......Page 86
Table 53. Radiation Constants......Page 87
Table 54. Radiation in Ergs (W X 10n) and Gram-Calories (W' X 10n) Per Cm2 Per Sec, for 2Pi Solid Angle, from a Perfect Radiator at t from -270C to +56C and for T from 300K to 5500K......Page 88
Table 55. Calculated Spectral Intensities J lambda for a Range of Wavelengths for a Blackbody of Unit Area for a Range of Temperatures from 50K to 25,000K......Page 89
Table 56. Blackbody Spectral Intensities......Page 92
Table 57. Changes Due to a Change in c2......Page 93
Table 58. The Eye as a Measuring Instrument for Radiation......Page 94
Table 60. Blanchard's Data Relating Instantaneous Threshold to Field Brightness......Page 95
Table 62. Minimum Energy Necessary to Produce the Sensation of Light......Page 96
Table 65. Distribution Coefficients for Equal-Energy Stimulus......Page 97
Table 66. Relative Magnitude of Units of Illumination......Page 98
Table 69. Some Obsolete Photometric Standards......Page 99
Table 71. Relative Magnitudes of Units of Brightness......Page 100
Table 73. Cymbols and Defining Expressions for Photometry......Page 101
Table 75. Spectra Luminous Intensities......Page 102
Table 76. Brightness of Blackbody, Crova Wavelength, Mechanical Equivalent of Light, Luminous Intensity, and Luminous Efficiency of Blackbody......Page 103
Table 77. Optical Pyrometer......Page 104
Table 78. Normal Spectral Emissivities for Some Elements and Alloys......Page 105
Table 79. Corrections in C to Add to Brightness Temperature Readings, for Different Emissivity, to Obtain the True Temp......Page 106
Table 81. Relative Emissivities for Total Radiation......Page 107
Table 84. Total Radiation from Bare and Soot-Covered Nickel......Page 108
Table 85. Characteristics of Tungsten......Page 109
Table 88. Relation Between Brightness Temperature and Color Temperature for Various Substances......Page 110
Table 91. Color Temperature, Brightness Temperature, and Brightness of Various Illuminants......Page 111
Table 93. Efficiencies of Some Early Incandescent Lamps of About 60-Watt Size......Page 112
Table 95. Temperature and Efficiency of Some Tungsten-Filament Lamps......Page 113
Table 96. Some Characteristics of Fluorescent Chemicals......Page 114
Table 97. Engineering Data on Some Lamps of the Integral, All-Glass Sealed Beam Type......Page 115
Table 98. Mercury Arcs......Page 116
Table 100. Characteristics of Typical Photoflash Lamps......Page 117
Table 102. Color of Light Emitted by Various Sources......Page 118
Table 104. At Different Pressures......Page 119
Table 106. Effect of Pressure on Loss of Heat at Different Temperatures......Page 120
Table 108. Convection of Heat in Air at Ordinary Temperatures......Page 121
Table 109. Convection and Conduction of Heat by Gases at High Temperatures......Page 122
Table 110. Heat Losses from Incandescent Filaments......Page 123
Table 112. Melting Parameters of Argon......Page 124
Table 115. Melting Parameters of Nitrogen......Page 125
Table 119. Effect of Pressure on Boiling Point......Page 126
Table 120. Densities and Melting and Boiling Points of Inorganic Compounds......Page 127
Table 121. Densities and Melting and Boiling Points of Organic Compounds......Page 129
Table 123. Melting Point C of Low-Melting-Point Alloys......Page 132
Table 124. Reversible Transitions in Crystals......Page 133
Table 125. Transformation and Melting Temperatures of Lime-Alumina-Silica Compounds and Eutectic Mixtures......Page 137
Table 126. Lowering of Freezing Points by Salts in Solution......Page 138
Table 127. Rise of Boiling Point Produced by Salts Dissolved in Water......Page 140
Table 128. Freezing Mixtures......Page 141
Table 129. Antifreezing Solutions......Page 142
Table 132. Thermal Conductivity of Water and Salt Solutions......Page 143
Table 133. Conversion Factors between Units of Heat Flow for Different Gradients......Page 144
Table 134. Thermal Conductivity, Metals and Alloys......Page 145
Table 135. Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Materials......Page 146
Table 136. Thermal Conductivity of Various Substances......Page 148
Table 138. Thermal Conductivity of Gases......Page 149
Table 140. Thermal Conductivity-Liquids, Pressure Effect......Page 150
Table 141. Thermal Resistivities at 20C Expressed in Fouriers for a cm3......Page 151
Table 145. Cubical Expansion of Liquids......Page 152
Table 143. Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion of Some Alloys......Page 156
Table 144. Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion of Some Miscellaneous Materials......Page 159
Table 146. Thermal Expansion of Gases......Page 161
Table 147. Specific Heat of the Chemical Elements......Page 162
Table 149. Heat Capacities, True and Mean Specific Heats, and Latent Heats at Fusion......Page 164
Table 150. Specific Heat of Various Solids......Page 165
Table 151. Atomic Heats (50 K), Specific Heats (50 K), Atomic Volumes of the Elements......Page 167
Table 153. Specific Heat of Various Liquids......Page 168
Table 156. Specific Heat of Minerals and Rocks......Page 169
Table 157. Heat Capacity of Gases and Vapors......Page 170
Table 158. Specific Heat of Silicates......Page 171
Table 159. Latent Heat of Fusion and Vaporization......Page 172
Table 161. Latent Heat of Vaporization of Liquids......Page 173
Table 164. "Latent Heat of Pressure Variation" of Liquid Ammonia......Page 174
Table 165. Thermal Properties of Saturated Water and Steam......Page 175
Table 166. Properties of Saturated Steam......Page 176
Table 167. Properties of Saturated Steam......Page 182
Table 168. Properties of Superheated Steam......Page 183
Table 169. Properties of Mercury Vapor......Page 184
Table 170.Properties of Liquid Ammonia......Page 185
Table 172. Flame Temperatures as Measured by Various Methods......Page 186
Table 174. Heats of Combustion of Miscellaneous Compounds......Page 187
Table 175. Heat Values and Analyses of Various Fuels......Page 188
Table 178. Time of Heating for Explosive Decomposition......Page 190
Table 179. Chemical and Physical Properties of Five Different Classes of Explosives......Page 191
Table 180. Thermochemistry. Chemical Energy Data......Page 192
Table 183. Heats of Dilution of H2SO4......Page 193
Tables 184-209. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials......Page 194
Table 184. Industrial Woven-Wire Screens......Page 195
Table 185. Some Physical Properties of the Elements......Page 196
Table 186. Mechanical Properties of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys......Page 199
Table 187. Mechanical Properties of Brasses and Bronzes......Page 204
Table 188. Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys......Page 205
Table 191. Copper Wire-Soft or Annealed......Page 215
Table 192. Mechanical Properties of Iron and Steel......Page 216
Table 195. Plow-Steel Hoisting Rope (Bright)......Page 222
Table 197. Steel-Wire Rope-Experimental Values......Page 223
Table 198. Mechanical Properties of Miscellaneous Alloys......Page 224
Table 199. Physical Properties of Some Special-Purpose Alloys......Page 227
Table 201. Low-Melting Alloys......Page 232
Table 203. Rigidity Modulus for a Number of Materials......Page 233
Table 207. A Scale of Hardness Based Upon the Relative Hardness of Selected Materials......Page 234
Table 209. Relative Hardness of the Elements (Means)......Page 235
Table 211. Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concretes Made with Various Types of Cements......Page 236
Table 215. Weighted Average Strength and Water Absorption for Hard and Salmon Bricks Made in U.S.A.......Page 237
Table 217. Strength and Stiffness of American Building Stone......Page 238
Table 219. Diffusion Constants of Water Vapor Through Leather, as Fractions of the Diffusion Constant through Air (20C)......Page 239
Table 223.Thermal Conductivity of Leather......Page 240
Tables 224-229. Values of Physical Constants of Different Rubbers......Page 241
Table 224. Properties of Natural Rubber (Hevea)......Page 242
Table 226. Properties of Neoprene (Chlorobutadiene Polymer)......Page 243
Table 228. Compression of Rubber......Page 244
Table 229. Compression of Synthetic and Natural Rubbers......Page 245
Table 230. Characteristics of a Number of Plastics......Page 246
Table 232. General Properties of Optical Plastics......Page 247
Tables 233-236. Properties of Fibers......Page 248
Table 233. Physical Properties of Natural Fibers......Page 249
Table 234. Physical Properties of Resin and Rayon Fibers......Page 250
Table 235. Physical Properties of Miscellaneous Fibers......Page 251
Table 236. Mechanical Properties of Fiber Ropes......Page 252
Table 237. Mechanical Properties of Hardwoods Grown in United States......Page 253
Table 238. Mechanical Properties of Soft Woods Grown in United States......Page 261
Table 240. Density (g/cm3) of Some Foreign Woods on the American Market......Page 265
Table 241. Simple Gas Laws......Page 266
Table 242. Volume Conversions, Factor Z, for High Pressures......Page 267
Table 244. Van Der Waal's Constants for Imperfect Gases......Page 268
Table 245. Correcting Factors: Saturated Gas Volume to Volume at 760 mmHg and 0C......Page 270
Table 246. Compressibility of Gases......Page 271
Table 249. Relative Values of pv for Carbon Dioxide......Page 272
Table 251. Compressibility of Ammonia......Page 273
Table 253. Gage Pressure (Ib/in2) to Atmospheres (Absolute)......Page 274
Table 254. Properties of Molecular Hydrogen......Page 275
Table 255. Density of Gases and Vapors......Page 276
Table 256. Thermal Properties of Dry Air (Ideal Gas State)......Page 277
Table 257. Thermal Properties of Molecular Nitrogen (Ideal Gas State)......Page 279
Table 258. Thermal Properties of Molecular Oxygen (Ideal Gas State)......Page 281
Table 259. Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities of Gases......Page 283
Table 260. Conversion Factors for Various Pressure Units......Page 284
Table 262. The Joule-Thomson Effect on Helium......Page 285
Table 264. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Nitrogen......Page 286
Table 266. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Carbon Dioxide......Page 287
Table 267. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Mixtures of Helium and Nitrogen......Page 288
Table 268. Compressibility of Liquids......Page 289
Table 271. Compressibility of Solids......Page 290
Table 272. Compressibility and Thermal Expansion of Petroleum Oils......Page 291
Table 273. Compressibility of the Elements......Page 292
Table 275. Variation of the Volume (DeltaV/V0) for a Number of Compounds with Pressure for Two Temperatures......Page 293
Table 276. Compressibility of Crystals......Page 294
Table 277. Relative Volume of Quartz Crystals and Six Glasses for Different Pressures......Page 295
Table 279. Specific Gravities Corresponding to the Baum Scale......Page 296
Table 280. Degrees API Corresponding to Specific Gravities 60/60 F......Page 297
Table 281. Density of the Elements, Liquid or Solid......Page 298
Table 282. Density in g/cm3 and Ib/ft3 of Various Solids......Page 299
Table 284. Physical Properties of Some Light Hydrocarbons......Page 300
Table 285. Density of Various Natural and Artificial Minerals......Page 301
Table 286. Density of Liquids......Page 302
Table 287. Density of Pure Water Free from Air, 0 to 41C......Page 303
Table 289. Influence of Pressure on Volume of Water......Page 304
Table 290. Density and Volume of Water -10 to +250C......Page 305
Table 291. Density and Volume of Mercury -10 to +360C......Page 306
Table 292. Density of Aqueous Solutions......Page 307
Table 293. Density of Mixtures of Ethyl Alcohol and Water in g/ml......Page 309
Table 294. Density of Aqueous Mixtures of Methyl Alcohol, Cane Sugar, or Sulfuric Acid......Page 311
Table 295. Density, Brix, and Baum Degrees, of Cane-Sugar Solutions......Page 312
Table 297. Velocity of Sound in Solids......Page 313
Table 299. Velocity of Sound in Sea Water......Page 314
Table 300. Velocity of Sound in Sea Water - Depth = 0......Page 315
Table 302. Sound Levels of Noise in Various Locations......Page 316
Table 303. Peak Power of Musical Instruments......Page 317
Table 305. Approximate Range of Fundamental Frequency on Orchestral Instruments......Page 318
Table 306. Frequency Ratios and Intervals for Just and Equally Tempered Scales......Page 319
Table 308. Pressure Field Around the Human Head During Speech......Page 320
Table 309. Sensitivity of the Ear......Page 321
Table 310. Architectural Acoustic......Page 322
Table 310A. Optimum Reverberation Time......Page 323
Tables 311-338. Viscosity of Fluids and Solids......Page 325
Table 311. Viscosity of Water in Centipoises......Page 326
Table 312. Viscosity of Alcohol-Water Mixtures in Centipoises......Page 327
Table 314. Viscosity and Density of Glycerol in Aqueous Solution at 20C......Page 328
Table 317. Viscosity of Gasoline and Kerosene in Centipoises......Page 329
Table 318. Viscosity of Organic Liquids......Page 330
Table 319. Viscosity of Sodium Silicates......Page 331
Table 322. Viscosity of Silicon Dioxide......Page 332
Table 324. Viscosity of Boron Trioxide......Page 333
Table 326. Viscosity of Molten Metals......Page 334
Table 328. Ratio of Viscosity at High to That at Atmospheric Pressure......Page 335
Table 330. Viscosity of Pure Hydrocarbons......Page 336
Table 331. Viscosity of Glass......Page 337
Table 332. Viscosity of Gases......Page 338
Table 333. Viscosity of Gases and Vapors......Page 339
Table 334. Pressure Effect on Viscosity of Pure Liquids......Page 340
Table 336. Effect of Pressure Upon Viscosity......Page 341
Table 337. Lubricants......Page 342
Table 338. Friction......Page 343
Table 339. Dynamic Pressure at Different Air Speeds......Page 344
Table 340. Forces on Thin Flat Plates at Angles to the Wind......Page 346
Table 340B. Forces on Nonrotating Circular Cylinders......Page 347
Table 340C. Forces on Spheres......Page 348
Table 341A. Skin Friction on Flat Plates......Page 350
Table 342. Standard Atmosphere......Page 352
Table 344. Properties of the Tentative Standard-Atmosphere Extension......Page 354
Table 345. Compressible Flow Tables for Air......Page 355
Table 346. Relation between Mach Number and Various Flow Parameters......Page 357
Table 346A. Forces on Airfoils at Angles to the Wind......Page 359
Table 347. Diffusion of an Aqueous Solution into Pure Water......Page 361
Table 348. Diffusion of Vapors......Page 362
Table 350. Diffusion of Metals into Metals......Page 363
Table 351. Solubility of Inorganic Salts in Water......Page 364
Table 353. Solubility of Gases in Water......Page 365
Table 355. Commonly Used Organic Solvents......Page 366
Table 357. Vapor Pressure of Some Elements......Page 367
Table 359. Surface Tension of Solutions of Salts in Water......Page 368
Table 362. Vapor Pressure and Rate of Evaporation......Page 369
Table 363. Evaporation of Metals......Page 370
Table 364. Vapor Pressure of Organic Liquids......Page 375
Table 365. Vapor Pressure at Low Temperatures......Page 376
Table 367. Vapor Pressure of Methyl Alcohol......Page 377
Table 368. Vapor Pressure of a Number of Liquids......Page 378
Table 369. Vapor Pressure of Solutions of Salts in Water......Page 380
Table 394. Resistivity of Mercury and Manganiin Under Pressure......Page 382
Table 373. Thermal Electromotive Force of Aluminum Versus Platinum......Page 383
Table 374. Composition and Electromotive Force of Voltaic Cells......Page 384
Table 375. Difference of Potential between Metals in Solutions of Salts......Page 385
Table 377. Thermoelectric Effect......Page 386
Table 380. Peltier Effect, Fe-Constantan, Ni-Cu, 0 - 560C......Page 388
Table 382. Thermoelectric Effects; Pressure Effects......Page 389
Table 385. Peltier Effect......Page 390
Table 386. Resistivity of Metals and Some Alloys......Page 391
Table 389. Effect of Tension on the Resistance of Metals......Page 394
Table 391. Relative Electrical Resistance with Pressure for Two Temperatures of a Number of Metals......Page 395
Table 393. Average Pressure Coefficients of Electrical Resistance up to 7000 kg/cm2 as a Function of Temperature......Page 396
Table 396. Conductivity and Resistivity of Miscellaneous Alloys......Page 397
Table 397. Electrical Conductivity of Alloys......Page 398
Table 398. Resistivities at High and Low Temperatures......Page 400
Table 400. Superconductivity of Some Alloys and Compounds......Page 401
Table 403. Electrical Receptivity of Rocks and Soils......Page 402
Table 406. Resistivity of Some Glasses at Three Temperatures......Page 403
Table 408. Temperature Coefficients of Conductivity......Page 404
Table 409. Specific Molecular Conductivity of Solutions......Page 405
Table 412. Hydrolysis of Ammonium Acetate And Ionization of Water......Page 406
Table 413. The Equivalent Conductivity of Salts, Acids, and Bases in Aqueous Solutions......Page 407
Table 414. The Equivalent Conductivity of Some Additional Salts in Aqueous Solution......Page 409
Table 415. Electrochemical Equivalents......Page 410
Table 416. Introduction to Wire Tables; Mass and Volume Receptivity of Copper and Aluminum......Page 411
Table 417. Tabular Comparison of Wire Gages......Page 412
Table 418. Temperature Coefficients of Copper for Different Initial Temperatures (Centigrade) and Different Conductivities......Page 413
Table 419. Reduction of Observations to Standard Temperature (Copper)......Page 414
Table 420. Wire Table, Standard Annealed Copper American Wire gage (B. & S.)......Page 415
Table 421. Wire Table, Standard Annealed Copper  American Wire Gage (B. & S.). Metric Units......Page 418
Table 422. Wire Table, Aluminum Hard-Drawn Aluminum Wire at 20C (68F) American Wire Gage (B. & S.). English Units......Page 421
Table 423. Wire Table, Aluminum Hard-Drawn Aluminum Wire at 20C (68F) American Wire Gage (B. & S.). Metric Units......Page 422
Table 425. Safe Current-Carrying Capacity of Copper Wire, for Different Conditions, in Amperes Per Conductor......Page 423
Table 426. The Calculation of the High-Frequency Resistance of Conductors......Page 424
Table 427. Ratio of Alternating to Direct Current Resistances for Copper Wires......Page 426
Table 428. Maximum Diameter of Wires for High-Frequency Resistance Ratio of 1.01......Page 427
Table 430. Alternating-Current Potential Required to Produce a Spark in Air with Various Ball Electrodes......Page 428
Table 433. Potentials in Volts to Produce a Spark in Kerosene......Page 429
Table 436. Variation of the Dielectric Constant with the Temperature......Page 430
Table 438. Dielectric Constant of Liquids (K). Pressure Effect......Page 431
Table 439. Dielectric Constant of Liquids......Page 432
Table 442. Dielectric Constant of Rocks......Page 433
Table 444. Electrostriction......Page 434
Table 447. The Dielectric Properties of Nonconductors......Page 435
Table 449. Comparison of Electrical Properties of Insulating Materials at Room Temperature......Page 436
Table 450. Dielectric Constant of Crystals......Page 437
Table 451. Piezoelectricity......Page 439
Table 452. Values for Power Factor in Percent for Several Electrical Insulating Materials at Radio Frequencies......Page 440
Tables 453-465. Radio Propagation Data......Page 441
Table 453. Dielectric Constant of Nonpolar Gases......Page 443
Table 454. Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent of Dielectric Materials......Page 444
Table 455. Dielectric Constant and Conductivity of Soils......Page 447
Table 456. Electric Dipole Moments......Page 448
Table 457A. Attenuation Coefficients for Very Low Frequency Radio Propagation......Page 449
Table 458. E-Layer Maximum Usable Frequencies in Mc for 2,000-km Transmission Distance......Page 450
Table 459. Transmission Factors......Page 451
Table 460. Attenuation of Microwaves by Water Vapor in the Atmosphere (in db/km)......Page 452
Table 461. F2-Layer Critical Frequencies and Maximum Usable Frequencies for 4,000-km Transmission Distance in Mc......Page 453
Table 462. Factors for Obtaining F2-Layer MUF, and Combined E, F-Layer MUF at Other Distances, from F2-4,000 km MUF......Page 455
Table 465. Extraterrestrial Radio Frequency Radiation......Page 456
Table 466. Definitions, Basic Equations, and General Discussion......Page 458
Table 469. Magnetic Properties of Iron in Very Weak Fields......Page 459
Table 470. Typical Data for Magnetic Materials......Page 460
Table 471. Magnetic Properties of Some Alloys B & H Measured in cgs Units......Page 462
Table 473. Maximum Core Losses in Electrical Steel Sheets......Page 463
Table 475. Effect of Temperature on Permeability of Nickel-Iron Alloy (47-50 Ni)......Page 464
Table 478. Magnetic Properties of Soft Iron at 0 and 100C......Page 465
Table 481. Energy Losses in Transformer Steels......Page 466
Table 482. Dissipation of Energy in the Cyclic Magnetization of Various Substances......Page 467
Table 485. Temperature Effect (C) on Susceptibility of Paramagnetic Elements......Page 468
Table 486. Magnetic Susceptibility of Some Materials......Page 469
Table 489. Change of Resistance of Various Metals in a Transverse Magnetic Field......Page 470
Table 492. Corrections for Ring Specimens......Page 471
Table 493. Composition and Magnetic Properties of Iron and Steel......Page 472
Table 494. Demagnetizing Factors for Rods......Page 474
Table 495. Elements of the Earth's Magnetic Field......Page 475
Table 498. Coordinates of North Magnetic Pole......Page 477
Table 501. Secular Change of Dip, United States......Page 478
Table 502. Secular Change of Magnetic Declination in the United States......Page 484
Table 504. Horizontal Magnetic Intensity, United States......Page 485
Table 506. Vertical Magnetic Intensity, United States......Page 486
Table 509. Secular Change of Total Intensity, United States......Page 487
Table 510. Mean Annual Values of Magnetic Elements at Observatories......Page 488
Table 511. Geomagnetic Coordinates of Position on the Earth Referred to the Geomagnetic Axis Pole of 1922 for Points in Various Geographical Locations......Page 500
Table 512. Magnetic and Electric Data for Sun and Earth......Page 509
Tables 513-521. Magneto-Optic Effects......Page 510
Table 514. Verdet's Constant......Page 511
Table 515. Verdet's Constant for Solutions of Acids and Salts in Water (lambda=0.589)......Page 512
Table 517. Verdet's and Kundt's Constants for Some Materials......Page 513
Table 519. Transverse Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Effects......Page 514
Table 521. Variation of Hall Constant with the Temperature......Page 515
Table 523. Characteristics of American-Made Optical Glasses......Page 516
Table 524. Characteristics of Some Optical Glasses Made at the National Bureau of Standards......Page 517
Table 526. Transmission of Optical Glass......Page 519
Table 529. Change of Indices of Refraction for 1C in Units of the Fifth Decimal Place......Page 520
Table 530. Transmission of Radiation by Jena Glasses......Page 521
Table 531. Some Artificial Optical Crystals......Page 522
Table 532. nD, Dispersion and Density of Jena Glasses......Page 523
Table 534. Index of Refraction of Rock Salt in Air......Page 525
Table 537. Index of Refraction of Nitroso-Dimethyl-Aniline (Wood)......Page 526
Table 539. Index of Refraction of Fluorite (CaF2) in Air......Page 527
Table 542. Index of Refraction for Various Alums......Page 528
Table 543. Index of Refraction of Selected Monorefringent or Isotropic Minerals......Page 529
Table 545. Index of Refraction of Miscellaneous Uniaxial Crystals......Page 530
Table 546. Index of Refraction of Selected Uniaxial Minerals......Page 531
Table 547. Index of Refraction of Miscellaneous Liquids, Liquified Gases, Oils, Fats, and Waxes......Page 532
Table 548. Index of Refraction of Selected Biaxial Minerals......Page 533
Table 550. Specific Gravity, Coefficient of Expansion, and Stain Class of Optical Glass......Page 536
Table 551. Index of Refraction of Some Liquids Relative to Air......Page 537
Table 552. Indices of Refraction for Solutions of Salts and Acids Relative to Air......Page 538
Table 553. Index of Refraction of Air (15C, 76 cmHg)......Page 539
Table 554. Index of Refraction of Gases and Vapors......Page 540
Table 555. Physical Properties of Some Special Glasses......Page 541
Table 556. Color Screens......Page 542
Table 559. Transparency of Water......Page 543
Table 562. The Effective Wavelength of Corning 50-Percent Red Pyrometer Glass 5 mm Thick for Some Temperature Intervals......Page 544
Table 564. Transmission of Dyestuff Solutions of "Adjusted" Concentrations......Page 545
Table 566. Transparency of Water Vapor (steam)......Page 552
Table 568. Infrared Transmission of Various Substances (percent)......Page 553
Table 571. Infrared Transmissions of Solids (percent)......Page 554
Table 573. Absorption of Various Materials Used for Blackening Receivers for Measuring Radiation of Different Wavelengths......Page 555
Table 575. Radiation Reflected When n = 1.55......Page 556
Table 578. Ultraviolet Reflecting Factor of Some Metals......Page 557
Table 581. Infrared Diffuse Percentage Reflecting Factors of Dry Pigments......Page 558
Table 583. Long-Wave Absorption by Gases......Page 559
Table 584. Reflecting Factor of Building Materials......Page 560
Table 587. Relative Reflectivity of Snow, Sand , and Other Materials......Page 561
Table 590. Restrahlung Bands from Various Materials......Page 562
Table 592. Infrared Transmission of Various Materials......Page 563
Table 593. Tartaric Acid, Camphor, Santonin, Santonic Acid, Cane Sugar......Page 564
Table 596. Optical Constants of Metals......Page 565
Table 597. Optical Constants of Metals (additional data)......Page 567
Table 601. Substances, nD = 1.39 to 1.75......Page 568
Table 602. Sensitometric Constants of Type Plates and Films, Definitions......Page 569
Table 604. Sensitometric Constants of Type Plates and Film......Page 570
Table 606. Resolving Power and Edge Gradient Values......Page 571
Table 607. Relative Photographic Efficiency of Illuminants......Page 572
Table 608. Spectral Sensitivity of Photographic Materials......Page 573
Table 609. Nuclear Track Plate Specifications......Page 574
Table 611. Neon Secondary Standard Wavelengths in Angstroms......Page 575
Table 613. Resultant S Values and Term Multiplicities......Page 576
Table 616. Terms from Nonequivalent Electrons......Page 577
Table 617. Iron Secondary Standards of Wavelength in Angstroms......Page 578
Table 618. Standard Solar Wavelengths Measured in Air at 15C and 1 Atmosphere Pressure......Page 579
Table 619. Wavelengths (in Angstroms) and Relative Intensities of Prominent Lines in Simple Spectra......Page 582
Table 620. Wavelengths of Fraunhofer Lines......Page 584
Table 621. L Values and Spectral Terms Resulting from Two Electrons......Page 586
Table 622. Terms from Equivalent Electrons......Page 587
Table 623. Spectroscopic Properties of Neutral Atoms......Page 589
Table 624. Spectroscopic Properties of Singly-Ionized Atoms......Page 591
Table 625. Molecular Constants of Diatomic Molecules......Page 593
Table 625A. Molecular Constants for the Ground States of Diatomic Molecules......Page 594
Table 627. Composition of the Atmosphere Up to the F2 Layer, Latitude 45......Page 599
Table 628. Standard Atmosphere......Page 600
Table 629. Values of Atmospheric Temperature, Pressure, and Density Up to the F2 Layer......Page 601
Table 630. Values of Atmospheric Temperature, Pressure, and Density Above the F2 Layer (Calculated)......Page 602
Table 631. Relative Density of Moist Air for Different Pressures and Humidities......Page 603
Table 632. Density of Moist Air, Values of 0.378p......Page 605
Table 634. Pressure of Aqueous Vapor in the Atmosphere......Page 606
Table 635. Pressure of Saturated Water Vapor for Various Conditions of Temperature and Surroundings......Page 607
Table 637. Weight in Grains of a Cubic Foot of a Saturated Aqueous Vapor......Page 608
Table 638. Relative Humidity for Various Pressures and Dry-Bulb Temperatures......Page 609
Table 639. Relative Humidity, Wet and Dry Thermometers......Page 611
Table 640. Pressure of Aqeous Vapor in the Atmosphere: Sea Level......Page 612
Table 643. Volume of Mercury Meniscus in mm3......Page 613
Table 644. Constant alpha for Reduction of Barometric Height to Standard Temperature......Page 614
Table 645. Reduction of Barometer to Standard Gravity for Different Heights......Page 615
Table 646. Reduction of Barometer to Standard Gravity......Page 616
Table 647. Reduction of Barometer to Standard Gravity......Page 618
Table 648. Determination of Heights by the Barometer......Page 620
Table 649. Thunderstorm Electricity......Page 621
Table 652. Charge on Rain and Snow......Page 622
Table 653. Atmospheric-Electric Data......Page 623
Table 654. Conversion Factors for Units of Molecular Energy......Page 625
Table 655. International Atomic Weights......Page 626
Table 656. Atomic Numbers......Page 627
Table 657. Periodic System of the Elememts......Page 628
Table 658. Electron Configurations of the Elements, Normal States......Page 629
Table 659. Radii, in Angstrom Units, of the Electronic Orbits of Lighter Elements......Page 631
Table 661. Abundance of Elements in our Planet Given in Percentage by Weight......Page 632
Table 663. Cosmic Abundances of the Rare Gases......Page 633
Table 664. 66 Known Elements in the Sun's Atmosphere......Page 634
Table 665. Abundances of Light Elements in Early Type Stars......Page 635
Table 668. Matter in Interstellar Space......Page 636
Table 670. Particle Sizes of Some Individual Dusts......Page 637
Table 672. Influence of Particle Size Upon Solubility......Page 638
Table 675. Heats of Adsorption of Vapors on Charcoal......Page 639
Table 678. Bond Energies in Kilocalories Per MOL......Page 640
Table 682. pH Stability Range of Some Proteins......Page 641
Table 684. Electron Emission Constants for Metals and Carbon......Page 642
Table 687. The Electron Affinity of the Elements, in Volts......Page 643
Table 689. Electrode Potentials......Page 644
Table 691. Mean Free Paths, L, Molecular Diameters, delta, and Related Data for Water and Mercury Vapors......Page 645
Table 692. Molecular Velocities and Energies......Page 646
Table 694. Molecular Velocities......Page 647
Table 695. Mean Free Paths of Molecules......Page 648
Table 696. Viscosity, eta, Mean Free Paths, L, Molecular Diameters, delta, and Related Data for a Number of Gases......Page 649
Table 697. Effective Atomic Radii......Page 650
Table 701. Molecular Diameters, delta, for Attractive Spheres......Page 651
Table 704. Number of Molecules (Per cm2 at 0C) of Monolayer and Equivalent Volume (cm3)......Page 652
Table 706. Volumes of Inert Gas Atoms......Page 653
Table 707. Lattice Spacings of Ionic Crystals......Page 654
Table 709. Crystal Structure and Interatomic Distances for Metals (Angstroms)......Page 655
Table 710. Greatest Binding Energy of an Electron - Neutral Atoms......Page 656
Table 712. Constants of Diatomic Molecules......Page 657
Table 713. Mass, Energy, and Velocity Relations for the Electron......Page 658
Table 715. Two Interesting Results of Artificial Disintegration......Page 659
Table 716. Definitions of Some Terms Used in Nuclear Physics......Page 660
Table 717. Table of Isotopes......Page 662
Table 718. Devices for Producing High-Energy Particles......Page 664
Table 719. Atomic Weights and Other Characteristics of Isotopes......Page 665
Table 720. Some Fundamentals Particles of Modern Physics......Page 671
Table 722. The Theoretical DeBroglie Wavelengths Associated with Various Particles and Bodies of Gross Matter......Page 672
Table 724. Times Required for Some Other Reactions......Page 673
Table 725. Slow Neutron Produced Radioactivities of Long Half-Life......Page 674
Table 726. Artificial Disintegration......Page 676
Table 728. Pile Yields of Some Isotopes......Page 677
Table 730. The Mechanical Effects of Radiation......Page 678
Table 731. Units for the Rate of Radioactive Disintegration......Page 679
Table 732. Natural Radioactive Materials......Page 680
Table 734. The Four Radioactive Families......Page 682
Table 737. Analysis of Thorium C" (Thallium 208) Beta-Ray Spectrum......Page 686
Table 738. Alpha-Ray Spectra of Some Natural Radioactive Materials......Page 687
Table 739. Characteristics of Some High-Speed Alpha-Particles from Natural Radiactive Sources......Page 688
Table 741. Vapor Pressure of the Radium Emanation in cmHg......Page 689
Table 742. Beta-Rays from Radioactive Materials - Both Natural (Marked with *) and Artificial......Page 690
Table 743. Relative Stopping Power of Selected Substances for alpha-Particles......Page 691
Table 746. Analysis of the Beta-Ray Spectrum of Protactinium......Page 692
Table 749. Danger Ranges for Persons Who are Working with Radium, for Different Amounts of Radium.........Page 693
Table 751. Total Mass Absorption Coefficient, /rho, for gamma-Rays in Various Elements (in cm2/g)......Page 694
Table 752. Gamma Spectrum for some Radioactive Breakdowns......Page 695
Table 754. Safe Working Distances for Different Exposure Times to Different Amounts of Radium......Page 696
Table 756. Constants for Cathode-Ray Speeds in Matter......Page 697
Table 758. Cathode Rays......Page 698
Table 760. Critical Absorption Wavelengths (A), K Series......Page 699
Table 764. Approximate Lead Thickness Required to Reduce Radiation Dosage Rate to 5 Percent of Useful Beam......Page 700
Table 767. Protective Powers of Materials Relative to Lead......Page 701
Table 771. Primary Protective-Barrier Requirements for 400-Kilovolts Peak Pulsating Potential With Reflection Target......Page 702
Table 776. Characteristics Emission Wavelengths (A), K Series......Page 703
Table 777. Wavelengths in Angstroms of K-Series Lines Representing Transitions in the Ordinary X-Ray Energy Level Diagram.........Page 704
Table 779. Typical Safe Ratings of Diagnostic X-Ray Tubes......Page 705
Table 780. Wavelengths of the More Prominent L-Group Lines in Angstroms......Page 706
Table 782. X-Ray Terms for Various Elements......Page 707
Table 783. Critical Absorption Wavelengths in Angstroms......Page 708
Table 784. Calculated Mass Absorption Coefficients......Page 711
Table 786. Fission Thresholds......Page 713
Table 790. The Energy Released by Fission on Division of Some Atoms into Equal Parts......Page 714
Table 792. Cross Sections of Fissionable Nuclei for Neutrons (In Units of 10-21 cm2)......Page 715
Table 793. Cross Sections of Some Fission Products for Thermal Neutrons......Page 716
Table 794. Probable Characteristics of Cosmic Rays Falling Upon the Top of the Atmosphere at Various Magnetic Latitudes......Page 717
Table 796. Mean Ionization Energy of gamma-Ray Necessary to Produce an Ion Pair......Page 718
Table 799. Some Cosmic-Ray Data......Page 719
Table 801. Composition of Cosmic Radiation at Geomagnetic Latitude 30......Page 720
Table 803. Free-Air Correction of Acceleration of Gravity for Altitude......Page 721
Table 804. Acceleration of Gravity, Various World Stations......Page 722
Table 805. Acceleration of Gravity (g) in the United States......Page 723
Table 806. Length of Seconds Pendulum at Sea Level and for Different Latitudes......Page 724
Table 807. Some Places of Anomalous Gravity......Page 725
Table 809. Atmospheric Transmission Coefficients......Page 726
Table 811.  Air Masses......Page 727
Table 813. Spectral Distribution of Solar Radiation Outside the Atmosphere......Page 728
Table 814. Distribution of Intensity (Radiation) Over Solar Disc......Page 729
Table 815. Solar Irradiation at Sea Level with Surface Perpendicular to Sun's Rays m = 2......Page 730
Table 818. Relative Distribution in Normal Spectrum of Sunlight and Sky Light at Mount Wilson......Page 731
Table 820. Mean Intensity J for 24 Hours of Solar Radiation on a Horizontal Surface at the Top of the Atmosphere.........Page 732
Table 822. Temperature Variation Over Earth's Surface (HANN)......Page 733
Table 824. Wolf's Sunspot Numbers, Annual Means......Page 734
Table 826. Approximate Equation of Time......Page 735
Table 827. Miscellaneous Astronomical Data......Page 736
Table 828. Elements of Solar Motion......Page 738
Table 829. Perpetual Calendar......Page 739
Table 830. Julian Day Calendar......Page 740
Table 833. Planetary Orbits......Page 741
Table 835. Number of Stars [phi (M)] per Cubic Parsec NEAR THE SUN with Absolute (Photographic and Visual) Magnitudes......Page 742
Table 836. Lunar and Terrestrial Craters......Page 743
Table 837. Albedos......Page 744
Table 838. Precession for 50 Years......Page 745
Table 839. Characteristics of Earth's Interior......Page 746
Table 840. Bulk Moduli of Rock-Forming Minerals......Page 747
Table 842. Age of Earth, Moon, and Strata......Page 748
Table 843. Spectrum Class and Proper Motions......Page 749
Table 845. Constellation Abbreviations (Astron. Union, 1922)......Page 750
Table 847. The Cephoid Period-Luminosity Curve......Page 751
Table 848. A list of Nebular Lines......Page 752
Table 850. Stellar Spectra and Related Characteristics......Page 753
Table 851. Stellar Spectra......Page 754
Table 853. The Local Family of Galaxies......Page 755
Table 854. Galactic Concentration of Stars of Various Spectral Classes......Page 756
Table 856. Spectrum Classes and Temperatures of Stars......Page 757
Table 857. Stars Known to be Within 5 Parsecs of the Sun......Page 758
Table 859. The First-Magnitude Stars Arranged in Order of Brightness......Page 759
Table 861. Spectrum Type and Mean Visual Absolute Magnitude......Page 760
Table 862A. Russell-Hertsprung Diagram......Page 761
Table 864. Stars of Large Proper Motion......Page 763
Table 866. Bright or Well-Observed Novae......Page 764
Table 867. Classification of Nebulae......Page 765
Table 869. Nongalactic Nebulae......Page 766
Table 870. Variable Stars, General Characteristics......Page 767
Table 871. Visual Binary Stars......Page 768
Table 874. Giant and Dwarf Stars......Page 769
Table 875. Temperature in Interstellar Space......Page 770
Table 876. Motions of the Stars......Page 771
Table 877. Stars with Large Space Velocity Greater than 200 km/sec, Based on Parallaxes......Page 772
Table 878. Stars with Radial Velocities Greater than 200 km/sec......Page 773
Table 879. Spectroscopic Eclipsing Binaries......Page 774
Table 880. Spectroscopic Binary Stars......Page 775
Table 881. Properties and Classification of Star Clusters......Page 776
Table 882. Our Galaxy, Its Center and Rotation......Page 777
Table 884. Transmission of Light through Space......Page 778
Table 887. Approximate Height of Swell in Feet at Various Distances from the Storm Area......Page 779
Table 888. Area, Volume, and Mean Depth of Oceans and Seas......Page 780
Table 890. Physical Properties of Sea Water......Page 781
Table 891. Percentage of Radiation of Given Wavelength Transmitted by 1 M of Water......Page 782
Table 893. Geochemistry of the Oceans......Page 783
Table 896. Velocity of Earthquake Waves With Depth of Water......Page 784
Table 898. Wave Height in Feet for Various Wind Velocities and Fetches......Page 785
Table 899. Tides, Sea Level, Level Net......Page 786
Table 900. The Earth's Rotation: Its Variation......Page 787
Table 901. General Conversion Factors......Page 788
Abampere  -  Avoirdupois......Page 793
Babbitt metal  -  Bursts......Page 806
c1  -  Cyclotron......Page 809
Dalton  -  Dyne......Page 818
Ear  -  Eye......Page 823
Factorials  -  Fusion......Page 831
Gage Pressure to Atmospheres  -  Graybody......Page 834
h  -  Hydrolysis......Page 839
Ice Crystals  -  Isotope......Page 843
K. Boltzmann Constant  -  Kundt's Constant......Page 846
L Series  -  Lux......Page 847
M Series  -  Mutual Inductance......Page 850
Nebulae  -  Nylon......Page 859
Obliquity of Ecleptic  -  Oxygen......Page 861
Packing Fraction  -  Pyron......Page 863
Quantity of Electricity  -  Quartz Crystal......Page 869
Radian  -  Rydberg Constant......Page 870
Sackur-Tetrotle Constant  -  Synchroton......Page 876
Tangents  -  Twilight......Page 882
Ultimate Particles  -  Uranus......Page 887
Valence Electrons  -  Volume......Page 890
Water  -  Wolfram......Page 893
X-Rays  -  X-Unit......Page 896
Zeeman Effect  -  Zinc......Page 898