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ویرایش:
نویسندگان: Organization For Economic
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 9264495428, 9789264495425
ناشر:
سال نشر: 2019
تعداد صفحات: 540
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 7 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Sme Policy Index Latin America And The Caribbean 2:Policies for Competitive Smes in the Pacific Allia به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب فهرست سیاست های کوچک و متوسط آمریکای لاتین و کارائیب 2: سیاست های شرکت های کوچک و متوسط رقابتی در اتحادیه اقیانوس آرام نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Preface Foreword Acknowledgements Abbreviations and acronyms Currency Argentina Chile Colombia Ecuador Mexico Peru Uruguay Regional Other Executive Summary Chapter 1. Economic Context and the Role of SMEs in Latin America and the Caribbean The economic context Achieving a sustained, sustainable and inclusive growth is necessary for Latin America to confront important challenges SMEs in the LAC region Latin America has many SMEs, but their productivity levels are low SMEs in the LAC region, while heterogeneous, lag behind more-developed markets in terms of SME integration into regional value chains Many ventures in LAC are a refuge from unemployment Exporting and innovating are not the objectives of most SMEs in the region SMEs and the role of the State Government initiatives for SMEs in LAC Notes References Chapter 2. Assessment methodology and policy framework Assessment methodology SME Policy Index: development and application SME Policy Index methodology: advantages and limitations LA7 assessment process Timing of the 2019 assessment Policy framework Scoring Weighting Integration of pre-existing data from other sources Notes Chapter 3. Overview of key findings Overall key findings LA7 SMEs operate mainly in traditional service sectors, with high levels of informality and a significant productivity gap SME policy priorities and strategic frameworks are broadly aligned across the LA7, having recently evolved to focus on productive transformation The sophistication of delivery mechanisms varies; most LA7 countries utilise passive call-for-proposals processes rather than more direct engagement at enterprise level Weak or non-existent monitoring and evaluation (M&E) efforts complicate policy-makers’ ability to make performance-based decisions Key findings by dimension Dimension 1: Institutional framework Dimension 2: Operational environment/simplification of procedures Dimension 3: Access to finance Dimension 4: Business development services (BDS) and public procurement for SMEs Dimension 5: Innovation and technology Dimension 6: Productive transformation Dimension 7: Access to market and internationalisation SME Policy Index 2019 Scores for the LA7 Notes References Part I. Findings by dimension Chapter 4. Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Introduction Assessment framework Analysis Sub-dimension 1.1: SME definition All LA7 countries have adopted an official SME definition Consistent application throughout the public administration is generally a standard practice SME definitions vary considerably across the LA7 and several parameters are considered Sub-definitions of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are used by all LA7 countries, but size-thresholds vary significantly across countries SME definitions in the LA7 countries are sufficiently well structured, but there is room for further improvement both within and among countries towards a higher level of co-ordination Sub-dimension 1.2: Strategic planning, policy design and coordination Planning and design: SME policy objectives and orientations are set in the framework of the wider country strategy of economic development and/or productive transformation Implementation could be improved by introducing more quantitative objectives and the use of action plans, as well as strengthening inter-ministerial co-ordination Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): Although all LA7 countries have put in place programme monitoring systems, monitoring at strategic level remains weak Sub-dimension 1.3: Public-private consultations (PPC) Frequency and transparency of public-private consultations (PPCs): practice varies across the LA7 countries, but open web-based consultations are becoming more common Private sector involvement in PPCs: the private sector is mostly asked to provide inputs during the policy elaboration phase, is rarely invited to review policy implementation, and is given access to M&E results Monitoring and evaluation (M&E): a relatively neglected area Sub-dimension 1.4: Measures to address the informal economy Planning and design: efforts have been made to analyse the informal sector and devise actions to reduce its size Implementation: many initiatives to fight informality are under way, but a strategic approach is often absent and policy co-ordination remains weak Monitoring and evaluation (M&E): a number of LA7 countries are starting to pay more attention to M&E, as evidence of the impact of current measures is needed to adjust the policy interventions The way forward Notes References Chapter 5. Operational environment/simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Introduction Assessment framework Analysis Sub-dimension 2.1: Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis (RIA) Planning and Design: Mexico leads the way on RIA application, while steps have been taken in several other LA7 countries to move ahead with RIA Implementation: regulatory reform is an increasing priority for most LA7 countries, but implementation in many cases is still at an early stage Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): there has been progress in Mexico and Chile, but most LA7 countries have not yet established M&E tools Sub-dimension 2.2: Company registration Planning and Design: Company registration procedures are still lengthy and costly in many LA7 countries, but efforts have been made to introduce one-stop shops and online registration Implementation: reforms should focus on reducing pre-registration requirements and simplifying the notification phase Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): much remains to be done to correctly monitor and evaluate the impact of on-going reforms Sub-dimension 2.3: Ease of filing taxes Performance: tax filing procedures are still problematic in most LA7 countries, with the exception of Chile Sub-dimension 2.4: E-government Planning and Design: most LA7 countries are actively introducing e-government services Implementation: online tax filing is operational in all LA7 countries Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E): customer satisfaction surveys are regularly carried out in several LA7 countries The way forward Notes References Chapter 6. Access to finance (Dimension 3) Introduction Assessment Framework Analysis Sub-dimension 3.1: Legal, regulatory and institutional framework on access to finance Banking regulations: Financial institutions in most countries require less than 125% of the loan value as collateral. Legal regulatory framework for commercial loans: There are large disparities between countries regarding the rights of creditors, but most have registers of assets that can be used as collateral. Credit bureau(s): All countries have credit bureaus. Stock market: All countries have a formal stock market, but only some have a specialised platform for SMEs. Sub-dimension 3.2: Diversification of sources of financing for enterprises Bank Credit/Traditional Debt: all countries have financial instruments for exporting SMEs and credit guarantee schemes, although there are differences in how these operate. Microfinance: all have a consolidated microfinance system Alternative sources of finance: SMEs have a diverse ecosystem of funding sources, but some governments need to develop specific regulations for these financial products. Sub-dimension 3.3: Financial education Planning and Design: There are plans for financial education initiatives, but they are not usually aimed specifically at SMEs. Implementation: All countries offer financial education programmes, but they have yet to be included in the school curricula of some Monitoring and evaluation: Mexico and Peru have tools to evaluate and monitor their financial education strategies; Argentina and Colombia are in the development phase Sub-dimension 3.4: Effective procedures for bankruptcy treatment Performance: LA7 insolvency proceedings are lengthy and relatively costly The way forward Notes References Chapter 7. SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Introduction Assessment framework Analysis Sub-dimension 4.1. Business development services (BDS) Planning and design: Most countries identify specific priorities for BDS in their development/economic/competitiveness agendas; nonetheless, those priorities are rarely translated into concrete actions/programmes Implementation: There is a rich offer of BDS across the region; some countries have established business development centres to facilitate access to that offer Monitoring and evaluation: The public availability and depth of information on the results of BDS programmes is, in most cases, limited Sub-dimension 4.2. Support services for entrepreneurs Planning and design: The development/economic/competitiveness agendas in LA7 countries say, in general, very little about the promotion and support of entrepreneurship through specialised services Implementation: A variety of support services exist for entrepreneurs across the region; some countries could create web portals so entrepreneurs can more easily access information on those services Monitoring and evaluation: The public availability and depth of information on the results of programmes is, in most cases, limited Sub-dimension 4.3. SME access to public procurement Planning and design: all LA7 countries have in place legal precepts to facilitate the participation of SMEs in public procurement Implementation: The use of e-procurement mechanisms and help desks to facilitate SME participation in public procurement is widespread Monitoring and evaluation The way forward Notes Chapter 8. Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Introduction Assessment framework Analysis Sub-dimension 5.1. Institutional framework for innovation policy Planning and design: The LA7 countries run at different speeds in their institutional arrangements for innovation policy; a few countries need to establish effective innovation systems Implementation: Although all the LA7 countries have in place agencies for the implementation of innovation policies for SMEs, not all agencies are guided by a strategic plan Monitoring and evaluation: There are no concrete indicators to measure the performance of policies for SME innovation Sub-dimension 5.2. Support services for SME innovation Planning and design: No LA7 country undertakes “market studies” when designing innovation support programmes, but all of them consult with the private sector Implementation: Although LA7 countries administer numerous programmes to foster innovation among SMEs and entrepreneurs, online access to that information is often fragmented and limited Monitoring and evaluation: all LA7 countries undertake some level of M&E in their innovation programmes, tracking at a minimum the number of beneficiaries, resources disbursed and other indicators Sub-dimension 5.3. Financing for innovation Planning and design: financing for innovation is a key instrument for LA 7 countries with productivity agendas Implementation: programmes for financing for innovation seem well funded and operational Monitoring and evaluation: More could be done to improve the M&E of programmes for financing for innovation The way forward References Chapter 9. Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Introduction Productive agglomerations and cluster enhancement Integration into regional and global value chains Assessment Framework Analysis Sub-dimension 6.1: Productivity-enhancing strategies Planning and design: Broad strategies exist, but lack robust mechanisms for implementation and monitoring Implementation: LA7 strategies are operational and incorporate public-private dialogue Monitoring and evaluation: Key performance indicators (KPIs) on productive transformation exist, but usually lack a connection to SMEs Sub-dimension 6.2: Productive association-enhancing measures Planning and design: Active support programmes for industrial cluster formation and strengthening are present in all LA7 countries Implementation: Various longstanding and pilot mechanisms exist to strengthen both industrial clusters and industrial parks Monitoring and evaluation: Robust mechanisms exist in a few cases Sub-dimension 6.3: Integration into regional and global value chains Planning and design: Active support programmes to facilitate SMEs’ inclusion in value chains are present in all LA7 countries Implementation: Supplier development programmes are a common LA7 support mechanism Monitoring and evaluation: Robust mechanisms exist in select cases The way forward Notes References Chapter 10. Access to market and internationalisation (Dimension 7) Introduction Assessment framework Analysis Sub-dimension 7.1: Support programmes for internationalisation Planning and design: Export promotion includes targeted SME support, and is integrated into broader strategic goals Implementation: Most countries offer SMEs an array of export support Monitoring and evaluation: Because targeted support for SMEs is relatively new for most LA7 countries, robust M&E results are lacking at this stage Sub-dimension 7.2: Trade facilitation OECD Trade Facilitation Indicators: Indicators rate most LA7 countries as advanced in trade facilitation Planning and Design: all LA7 countries have or are in the process of developing simplified export processes for SMEs Transparency and Predictability: easily accessible online guidance is available, but could be better targeted to SMEs Simplification of Procedures: all LA7 countries perform well regarding general implementation, but could further develop related targeted SME support services Sub-dimension 7.3: Use of electronic commerce Planning and design: Legal frameworks for e-commerce are in place, or in development, in all LA7 countries Implementation: Targeted e-commerce programmes for SMEs are active in all LA7 countries Monitoring and evaluation: Because targeted e-commerce support for SMEs is relatively new to most LA7 countries, robust M&E results are lacking at this stage Sub-dimension 7.4: Quality standards Planning and design and Implementation: Targeted quality standards programmes for SMEs are operational or in development in all LA7 countries Monitoring and evaluation: Basic monitoring results available to measure outputs Sub-dimension 7.5: Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration Planning and design: LA7 countries have integrated SME development into their regional integration agendas Implementation: Targeted efforts are underway regarding regional value chains, trade facilitation, export promotion and business development Monitoring and evaluation: Quantitative monitoring at strategic level is lacking The way forward Notes References Part II. Findings by country Chapter 11. Argentina Key Findings Overview Economic structure and development priorities Reform priorities Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME Sector Definitions and employment Value-added and productivity Sectors of activity Trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Institutional framework and SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and co-ordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational environment and simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and Regulatory Impact Analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government services Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework for access to finance Diversified funding sources Financial education Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional framework for innovation policy Support services and financing for innovation in SMEs Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into regional and global value chains Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance Business development services for SMEs and public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs References Chapter 12. Chile Key findings Overview Economy and development priorities Activity, labour markets and economic structure Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME Sector Definitions and employment Productivity and value added Sectors of activity International trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and coordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational environment and simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework for access to finance Diversified funding sources Financial education Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional framework for innovation policy Support services and financing for innovation in SMEs Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into regional and global value chains Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs / Public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs References Chapter 13. Colombia Key findings Overview Economic structure and development priorities Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME Sector Definition and employment Productivity and value added Sectors of activity International trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Institutional framework and SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and co-ordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational environment and simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework for access to finance Diversified funding sources Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional framework for innovation policy Support services and financing for innovation and SMEs Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into regional and global value chains Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs and public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs Notes References Chapter 14. Ecuador Key findings Overview Economic structure and development priorities Activity, labour markets and economic structure Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME sector Definitions and employment Productivity and value added Sectors of activity International trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Institutional framework and SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and coordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational environment and simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework Diversified funding sources Financial education Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional framework for innovation policy Support services and financing for innovation in SMEs Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into regional and global value chains Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance SME development services and public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs Notes References Chapter 15. Mexico Key findings Overview Economic structure and development priorities Activity, labour markets and economic structure Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME sector Definitions and employment Productivity and value added Sectors of activity International trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Institutional framework and SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and co-ordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational Environment and Simplification of Procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework for access to finance Diversified funding sources Financial education Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional Framework Support services and financing for innovation in SMEs Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into regional and global value chains (GVCs) Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance SME development services and public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMES Notes References Chapter 16. Peru Key Findings Overview Economic structure and development priorities Activity, labour markets and economic structure Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME sector Definitions and employment Productivity and value added Sectors of activity International trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Institutional framework and SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and coordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational environment and simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework for access to finance Diversified funding sources Financial education Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional framework Support services and financing for innovation Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into global value chains Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance SME development services and public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs Notes References Chapter 17. Uruguay Key findings Overview Economic structure and development priorities Activity, labour markets and economic structure Public sector, money and prices External sector Business environment SME sector Definition and employment Productivity and value added Sectors of activity International trade Assessment results Institutional framework (Dimension 1) Institutional framework and SME definition Strategic planning, policy design and co-ordination Public-private consultations Measures to address the informal economy Operational environment and simplification of procedures (Dimension 2) Legislative simplification and regulatory impact analysis Company registration Ease of filing taxes E-government Access to finance (Dimension 3) Legal, regulatory and institutional framework Diversified funding sources Financial education Efficient procedures for dealing with bankruptcy SME development services and public procurement (Dimension 4) Business development services for SMEs and entrepreneurs Public procurement Innovation and technology (Dimension 5) Institutional framework Support services and financing for innovation in SMEs Productive transformation (Dimension 6) Productivity-enhancing strategies Productive association-enhancing measures Integration into regional and global value chains Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs (Dimension 7) Support programmes for internationalisation Trade facilitation Use of e-commerce Quality standards Taking advantage of the benefits of LAC regional integration The way forward Institutional framework Operational environment and simplification of procedures Access to finance SME development services and public procurement Innovation and technology Productive transformation Access to market and internationalisation of SMEs Notes References