Smart Sensors Measurement and Instrumentation: Select Proceedings of CISCON 2021

Preface by Prof. Rajib Bandyopadhyay
Preface by Prof. Shreesha Chokkadi
About the Conference
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Muffler Transmission Loss Optimization for a Vehicle Using Genetic Algorithm
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Targets in the Project to Be Achieved Are as Follows
	2 Theory
		2.1 Acoustic Filter Design Parameters
		2.2 Acoustic Filter Performance Parameters
		2.3 Calculation of Noise Transmission Loss by Impedance Tube
		2.4 Genetic Algorithm (GA)
	3 Methodology
	4 Simulation and Experimentation
	5 CAE Simulation
		5.1 Experimental Testing
	6 Result and Discussion
		6.1 Transmission Loss Experimental Results for Base Muffler
		6.2 Transmission Loss CAE Simulation Results for Base Muffler
		6.3 Modified Geometry
		6.4 Curve Fitting to Obtain Polynomial Equation from Varied RMSTL
	7 Conclusion
	8 Future Work
	References
Design and Simulation of a Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of WPT System
		2.1 Magnetic Gear WPT
		2.2 Capacitive WPT
		2.3 Inductive WPT
	3 WPT System for Electric Vehicle
	4 WPT System Specification
	5 Coil Design for Electric Vehicle
		5.1 Coil Types
		5.2 Coupling Section Design
	6 Power Converter Design
		6.1 Rectifier with PFC-Boost Circuit
		6.2 High Frequency Inverter
		6.3 Chopper Circuit
	7 Conclusion
	References
Recent Advances in Sensor Technology for Biomedical Applications: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Biosensors
		2.2 Wearable Sensors
		2.3 Microelectromechanical Sensors (MEMS)
		2.4 Fibre Optic Sensors (FOS)
		2.5 Flexible Sensors
		2.6 Application of Sensors in Biomedical Fields
		2.7 Advances in Sensor Technology
	References
Performance Analysis of Diode Clamped and Flying Capacitor Multilevel Matrix Converter Used for DFIG-Based Wind System
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept of Wind Turbine and Wind Generator
		2.1 Modeling of Wind Turbine
		2.2 Modeling of DIF Wind Generator
	3 Wind Converter
		3.1 Concept of Diode Clamped Multilevel Matrix Converter
		3.2 Control Method for Diode Clamped Multilevel Matrix Converter
		3.3 Concept of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Matrix Converter
		3.4 Control Method for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Matrix Converter
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
		4.1 Simulation Results of Diode Clamped MMC Based on SVPWM for the DFIG
		4.2 Simulation Results of a Flying Capacitor MMC Based on SVPWM for the DFIG
	5 Conclusion
	References
Real Time Feedback System for Speech Dysfluency in Children
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Method to Treat Stuttering
		3.1 Speech Therapy
		3.2 Speech Analysis
		3.3 Database
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Speech Therapy Implementation
		4.2 Speech Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Nonlinear Model-Predictive Control Using First-Principles Models
	1 Introduction
	2 What Are First-Principles Models?
		2.1 How Can Elementary Models Be Adequate for Control?
		2.2 Automobile Speed Illustration
	3 MPC Controller Structure
		3.1 Predict
		3.2 Correct
		3.3 Act—An Elementary Choice—Simple PMBC
		3.4 A Caution About the Triple Model Use
		3.5 The Act Function in Horizon-Predictive Constraint Handling Control
	4 MPC Example
	5 End Notes
	Reference
DC Motor System Identification and Speed Control Using dSPACE Tools
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Voltage and Current Measurement
		2.2 Speed Measurement of DC Motor Using Incremental Magnetic Encoder
	3 System Identification of DC Motor
	4 Controller Implementation and Result
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Oil Quality Analysis Using Image Processing
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methodology
		1.2 Review of Literature
		1.3 Digital Image Processing
	2 System Specifications
	3 Observations
		3.1 RGB Analysis
		3.2 Methodology
	4 Conclusion
	References
Automatic Fabric Classifier Using Nesterov-Accelerated Adaptive Moment for Washing Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Approach for Washing Machine
		2.1 Fabric Classification Using CNN Model
		2.2 Circuit Design and Process Flow
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	5 Future Work
	References
System Identification, Stability Analysis and PID Controller Design for PEM Electrolyzer
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling of PEM Electrolyzer
	3 System Identification
		3.1 System Identification of PEM Electrolyzer
	4 Lyapunov Stability Analysis
		4.1 Stability Analysis for PEM Electrolyzer
	5 Design of Controller
		5.1 PID Controller for PEM Electrolyzer
	6 Conclusion
	References
Sliding Mode Hybrid Control of PMSM for Electric Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 PMSM Model
		2.1 Modeling of PMSM
		2.2 d-q Model of PMSM
	3 Field-Oriented and Flux Weakening Control
	4 Design of Cascade SMC Hybrid Control
		4.1 Direct Axis Sliding Mode Control
		4.2 Quadrature Axis Sliding Mode Control
		4.3 Speed Sliding Mode Control
		4.4 Super Twisting Algorithm (STA)
	5 Simulations and Result
		5.1 Application on Electrical Vehicle
	6 Conclusion
	References
Maximum Sensitivity-Based PID Controller for a Lab-Scale Batch Reactor
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Method
	3 Controller Design for Lab-Scale Batch Reactor
	4 Simulation and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Performance Prediction of Solar Cell Using Virtual Production Simulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Solar Cell Manufacturing
		2.1 PV Factory
		2.2 PL Imaging
		2.3 Chemical Etching
	3 Emitter Region Formation
	4 Extraction of Electricity
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Optimisation of FPGA-Based Designs for Convolutional Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
		1.1 General Overview
		1.2 Motivation
		1.3 Objective
	2 Literature Review
	3 Impact of Matrix Multiplier on CNN
	4 Proposed System
		4.1 Systolic Array Architecture
		4.2 Systolic Array Design
		4.3 IEEE 754-Based Floating Point
		4.4 Bfloat-16
		4.5 Floating Point Versus Bfloat-16
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Analysis Table
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of an Automated Fuel Station
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Automatic Fuel Dispensing Pump
		2.2 Automatic Fuel Level Indicator
		2.3 Automatic Vehicle Washing System
		2.4 Smart Lighting System
		2.5 Automatic Fire Extinguisher
	3 Results
		3.1 Automatic Fuel Dispensing Pump
		3.2 Automatic Fuel Level Indicator
		3.3 Automatic Vehicle Washing System
		3.4 Smart Lighting System
		3.5 Automatic Fire Extinguisher
	4 Conclusion
	References
Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Literature Survey
	3 Dataset Description
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Simple Resistance-to-Digital Converter for Tunneling Magneto-Resistance-Based Angular Position Sensor with 180° Range
	1 Introduction
	2 Resistance-to-Digital Converter for TMR Angle Sensor
		2.1 TMR Angle Sensor—Construction, Operating Principle, and Transfer Characteristic
		2.2 Working of RDCT
	3 Error Analysis of the RDCT
		3.1 Error Sources of TMR Angle Sensor
		3.2 Error Sources of Circuit Components of RDCT
	4 Extensive Performance Evaluation of the RDCT
		4.1 Simulation Studies for Ideal TMR Angle Sensor and Ideal RDCT
		4.2 Simulation Studies for a Practical TMR Angle Sensor
	5 Conclusions and Future Work Plan
	References
The Use of LBP Features in Transform Domain for Object Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Log Gabor Transform
		2.2 Local Binary Patterns
		2.3 Performance Measures
	3 Experimentation Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Simulation of Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Monitoring Lead-Acid Battery Charge
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of MEMS Capacitive Pressure Sensor Using Analytical Method
		2.1 Analytical Design of Graphene Capacitive Sensor
	3 Design of MEMS Capacitive Pressure Sensor Using a Finite Element Method in Comsol Multiphysics
		3.1 Geometry Building of Sensor and Material Selection
		3.2 Selection of Physics and Meshing
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Change in Capacitance for 0–6 kPa Pressure Range
		4.2 Change in the Displacement of Diaphragm for Pressure Range 0–6 kPa
		4.3 Capacitance and Diaphragm Displacement of Graphene for 0–1 kPa
		4.4 Comparison of the Displacement of the Diaphragm by Analytical Method and Finite Element Method
		4.5 Diaphragm Displacement at the Different Thicknesses
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development of Screw Press-Dewatering Unit for Biogas Slurry
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methods
		2.1 Characterization of Biogas Slurry
		2.2 Screw Press-Dewatering Unit
		2.3 Experimental Procedure
		2.4 Statistical Analysis
		2.5 Characterization of Separated Solid–Liquid Fertilizer
		2.6 Economic Assessment
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Characterization of Biogas Slurry
		3.2 Effect of Moisture Content in Biogas Slurry and Shaft Speed on Dewatering Efficiency (ED)
		3.3 Effect of Moisture Content in Biogas Slurry and Shaft Speed on Dewatering Rate (DR)
		3.4 Characteristics of Organic Solid–Liquid Fertilizers
		3.5 Economic Analysis
		3.6 Comparison of Present Work and Literatures
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Use of Photoplethysmography for Blood Glucose Estimation by Noninvasive Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 System Diagram
		2.2 Database
		2.3 Data Acquisition System
		2.4 Preprocessing of Signal
		2.5 Feature Extraction
	3 Single Pulse Wave Analysis
		3.1 Neural Network Configuration
		3.2 Clarke Error Grid Analysis
		3.3 Performance Measure
	4 Results
		4.1 Time and Frequency Domain Features
		4.2 Single Pulse Wave Features
	5 Conclusion
	References
Single-Stage Stand-Alone Induction Motor Driven Solar Water Pumping System with Minimal Sensors
	1 Introduction
	2 System Architecture
		2.1 Solar PV Array Design
		2.2 DC Link Capacitor Selection
	3 Control Methodology
		3.1 Variable Step Size-Incremental Conductance MPPT
		3.2 Induction Motor V/f Control
	4 Modeling and Simulation
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Automation of Weight-Based Sorting System Using Programmable Logic Controllers
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Structure
		2.2 Design
		2.3 Installation
	3 Results
		3.1 Sorting
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design, Development and Verification of a Fault Injection Capable Synchronous Generator
	1 Introduction
	2 Flowchart of the Working Model
	3 Design of a Synchronous Generator
	4 Design of SG Using RMxprt and ANSYS Maxwell
	5 Fault Injection in ANSYS Maxwell
	6 ANSYS Maxwell Results
	7 Fast Fourier Transform
		7.1 Results from FFT for Analysis of Stator Current
		7.2 Results from FFT for Analysis of Field Current
		7.3 Comparison of Results Obtained
	8 Conclusion
	References
UKF/H-Infinity Filter for Low-Cost Localization in Self-driving Cars
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 UKF/H-Infinity Filter
		3.1 H-Infinity Filter
		3.2 UKF
	4 Implementation
		4.1 IMU–GPS Fusion Filter
	5 Simulation Result
		5.1 I-Road: Ego Vehicle at 60 km/h
		5.2 S-Road: Ego Vehicle at 60 km/h
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design and Implementation of Efficient IoT-Based Smart Oil Skimmer
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Smart Oil Skimmer
		3.1 Detection System
		3.2 Bot Propulsion System
		3.3 Live Tracking System
		3.4 Skimming System
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Discrete Time Sliding Manifold and Its Impact on System Dynamics
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Problem Formulation
	4 DTSMC Techniques
		4.1 Second Order Discrete DTSMC
		4.2 DTSMC for Higher Order Systems
		4.3 DTSMC with Modified Law
		4.4 DTSMC Using Discrete PID Sliding Surface
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Volkswagen Emission: An Analysis on the VW Vento Using Automotive Network Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Theory
		2.1 CAN Bus and OBD II Overview
		2.2 Telematics and Data Logging
		2.3 ECU Parameter IDs
		2.4 Relationship Between Oxygen Sensor and Air/Fuel Mixture
		2.5 Relationship Between the Fuel/Air Equivalence Ratio and Relative Emissions
	3 Results and Analysis
		3.1 Test Route
		3.2 Oxygen Sensor and Vehicle Gear Relationship
		3.3 Vehicle Speed and Oxygen Sensor Relationship
		3.4 Engine RPM and Oxygen Sensor Relationship
	4 Conclusion
		4.1 Vehicle Idling
		4.2 Acceleration
		4.3 Vehicle Speed
		4.4 Emissions
	References
Hand Gesture-Controlled Wheeled Mobile Robot for Prospective Application as Smart Wheelchairs
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Work
	2 Methodology
		2.1 The Hand Mounted Sensor Unit (HMSU)
		2.2 Motor Actuator
		2.3 PID Control Loop
		2.4 Calculating Angles Form IMU Sensor
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Manual Dexterity Assessment Using a Nine-Hole Pegboard Test
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Algorithm of Automated Pegboard Test
	3 Results
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Implementation of Indoor Navigation Control for Two-Wheeled Self-balancing Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed System Design
	3 Structure of the TWSBR Model
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	6 Future Work
	References
Application of NIR Spectroscopy with Chemometrics for Discrimination of Indian Black Pepper Berries
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Sample Collection
		2.2 Chemical Analysis
		2.3 Spectra Acquisition
		2.4 Software
	3 Data Analysis
		3.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
		3.2 Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)
		3.3 Separability Index (SI)
	4 Result and Discussion
		4.1 Wavelength Versus Absorbance Plot
		4.2 Principal Component Analysis
		4.3 Discrimination Using Linear Discriminant Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Study Between Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Regression for Nondestructive Quantification of Piperine Contents in Black Pepper by Raman Spectroscopy
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Black Pepper Samples and Chemical Analysis
		2.2 Spectra Acquisition
		2.3 Principal Component Regression
		2.4 Partial Least Squares Regression
		2.5 Software
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Power Quality Data Mining Using Hybrid Feature Extraction Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 S Transform
	3 Hilbert Transform
	4 Extreme Learning Machine Classifier
	5 Extreme Learning Machine Classifier
	6 Performance of Classifiers with Real Time and Dataset
	7 Conclusion
	References
Low-Cost, IOT-Based Child Safety Monitoring Robot with User-Friendly Mobile App
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of IOT-Based Child Safety Monitoring Robot
	3 Components and Technologies Employed in Child Safety Monitoring Robotic System
	4 Demonstration Kit
	5 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Secure Image Classification Using Deep Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Privacy Preserving Machine Learning with SecureML
		3.1 Server Architecture
		3.2 Secret Sharing
		3.3 Definition of Security
	4 Implementation of the Two-Server Model Over the Chest X-ray Dataset
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References