Smart Morphing and Sensing for Aeronautical Configurations: Prototypes, Experimental and Numerical Findings from the H2020 N° 723402 SMS EU Project

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 The SMS Project: Introduction and Overview
	1.1 Objectives
	1.2 The SMS Structure and Methodology
	1.3 Affiliation List
	1.4 Summary of the Project Results
	References
2 Reduced Scale Prototype Morphing Achievements in Subsonic and Transonic Regimes
	2.1 Model Specifications
	2.2 Higher Frequency-Lower Amplitude Trailing Edge Vibrations
	2.3 RS Prototype B: Transonic Reduced Scale (tRS) Design
		2.3.1 Final Geometry of the Test Section
		2.3.2 Experimental Verification and Proof of the Morphing/Sensing Efficiency-sRS
	References
3 Large Scale Morphing Prototype: Design and Experiments
	3.1 Optimal Design of the Electromechanical Actuators (EMA) System
		3.1.1 Electromechanical Actuator System
		3.1.2 Electromechanical Actuator Design
	3.2 Sensing System
		3.2.1 Theory
		3.2.2 Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensor Technology
		3.2.3 Experimental Set-Up
		3.2.4 Reynolds Number Variation
		3.2.5 Angle of Attack Variation
		3.2.6 Synthesis
		3.2.7 Comparison of the Results with the Numerical Simulations
		3.2.8 Multi-point Sensing
		3.2.9 Conclusion—Sensing System
	3.3 Controller Hardware Construction
		3.3.1 Large-Scale—Controller Interface (iF)
		3.3.2 Conclusion—Hardware Controller and Interface
	3.4 Experimental Verification—INPT/IMFT-LAPLACE
		3.4.1 Mean Pressure Measurements
		3.4.2 Unsteady Pressure Measurements
		3.4.3 Conclusion—Experimental Verification
	References
4 High-Fidelity Numerical Simulations
	4.1 Morphing sRS Prototype—Numerical Simulations
	4.2 Three-Dimensional Morphing Effects
	4.3 Performances of the Hybrid Morphing: Cambering + Actuation
	4.4 Structural Modelling of the sRS with Embedded SMA (Shape Memory Alloys)
		4.4.1 Structural Control of the Wing Equipped with SMA Actuators
	4.5 MDO (Multi-disciplinary Design Optimisation) Results Incorporating Experimental Results and High-Fidelity CFD Simulations
		4.5.1 Introduction
		4.5.2 Scientific and Technological Background
		4.5.3 Investigation of the Reduced Scale (RS) Prototype—RSP
		4.5.4 Investigation of the Large-Scale (LS) Prototype—LSP
		4.5.5 Conclusions—MDO
	4.6 Hi-Fi Simulations on the tRS Prototype (INPT)
	4.7 Hi-Fi Simulations on the Large Scale (LS) Prototype
		4.7.1 Take-off Configuration
		4.7.2 Landing Configuration
		4.7.3 Aerodynamic Performance by Hi-Fi Simulations Around the Full A320 Aircraft
		4.7.4 Hybrid Morphing—Full Aircraft, Landing—CFSE
	4.8 Aircraft Trajectories, Polars and Fuel Consumption
		4.8.1 Introduction
		4.8.2 Defining Relevant Conditions for Fluid Dynamics Computations
		4.8.3 Identifying Polar Models from Results of Fluid Dynamics Computations
		4.8.4 Extrapolating to Aircraft Performance
		4.8.5 Computing Benefit in Fuel Consumption
		4.8.6 Conclusion on Fuel Consumption Evaluation Through Aircraft Trajectories
	4.9 Conclusions
	References
5 Aerodynamic Evaluation
	5.1 TRS Prototype Aerodynamic Evaluation
		5.1.1 Transonic Reduced Scale Profile—Reference Case
		5.1.2 Transonic Reduced Scale Profile with Flapping Trailing Edge
		5.1.3 Conclusions for the Transonic Prototype tRS
	5.2 Large Scale Cambered Prototype Design and Experimental Evaluation
		5.2.1 Overview and Specifications
		5.2.2 Problem Description
		5.2.3 Design and Construction of the Wing Model
	5.3 GVPM Wind Tunnel
	5.4 CAD Drawings for the High-Lift Flap
		5.4.1 Morphing Wing Concept
	5.5 Interface Definition and Camber Control of the High-Lift Flap
		5.5.1 Modelling of the System and Feedback Control Design
		5.5.2 Camber Control
	5.6 Model Specifications and Preliminary Investigation in a Scaled Wind Tunnel (1:9 Scale)
		5.6.1 The Model
		5.6.2 Test-Matrix
		5.6.3 Test Rig, Instrumentation and Sensor Layout
		5.6.4 PIV Set-Up
		5.6.5 Shape-Measurement Set-Up
		5.6.6 Results
		5.6.7 PIV Campaign Results
		5.6.8 Shape-Measurement Results
	5.7 Data Sharing of SMS and Workflows Through Ontology-Based Data Access in the Platform CALMIP/CALLISTO
		5.7.1 The Sharing of Data for SMS
		5.7.2 Ontology-Based Data Description and Workflow Execution
		5.7.3 Practical Use of CALLISTO for SMS and Data Reusability
		5.7.4 Conclusions on the Data Sharing Access
	5.8 Conclusions
	References
6 General Conclusions
	6.1 Obtained Benefits and Conclusion Summary
	6.2 Impact: Communication and Dissemination of the Results