Smart Computing Applications in Crowdfunding

Content: Cover
 Half Title
 Copyrights
 Foreword
 Preface
 Acknowledgments
 Contents
 List of Abbreviations
 Part I Introduction
 1. Introduction to Smart Computing-Approximate Reasoning
 1.1 The Necessity of Computing in Practice: A Brief Reminder
 1.1.1 Practical Problems Generalization and Classification
 1.1.1.1 Learning the Current State of the World
 1.1.1.2 Predicting the Future State of the World
 1.1.1.3 Controlling the Desirable State of the World
 1.1.2 Computational Science and Engineering
 1.1.3 Key Concepts
 1.1.3.1 Sets
 1.1.3.2 Logic
 1.1.3.3 Probability Theory 1.1.3.4 Possibility Theory1.1.3.5 Interval Analysis
 1.1.3.6 Category Theory
 1.2 The Unavoidability of Uncertainty in Reality: A Quick Retrospection
 1.2.1 Fuzziness
 1.2.2 Roughness
 1.2.3 Indefiniteness
 1.2.4 Relations Underlying the Uncertainties
 1.2.5 Measure Theory
 1.2.5.1 Entropy Measurement for Uncertainty Shannon\'s Entropy for Classical System
 1.2.5.2 Entropy Measurement for Uncertainty
 1.2.5.3 Entropy Measurement for Uncertainty Rough Entropy
 1.2.5.4 Similarity Measurement for Uncertainty General Similarity Measure 1.2.5.5 Similarity Measurement for Uncertainty Fuzzy Similarity Measure1.3 Smart Computing
 1.4 Data Analytics
 1.4.1 Define Critical Problem and Generate Working Plan
 1.4.2 Identify Data Sources
 1.4.3 Select and Explore the Data
 1.4.4 Clean the Data
 1.4.5 Transform, Segment, and Load the Data
 1.4.6 Model and Analyse the Data
 1.4.7 Interpretation, Evaluation and Deployment
 1.5 Conclusions
 References
 2. Introduction to Bricolage
 2.1 Innovation and Economy
 2.1.1 Innovation by Models
 2.1.2 Innovation by Types
 2.2 What is Bricolage
 2.2.1 Bricolage Capabilities 2.2.1.1 Build Something from Nothing2.2.1.2 Ability to Improvise
 2.2.1.3 Networking Ability
 2.2.2 Bricolage and Innovation
 2.2.2.1 New Angle of Service Innovation Thinking Recombinative Thought (Bricolage-Based Viewpoint)
 2.3 Conclusions
 References
 3. Introduction to Service
 3.1 Service and Economy
 3.1.1 Factors of Production
 3.1.2 Goods vs. Services
 3.1.2.1 Tangible Goods
 3.1.2.2 Intangible Services
 3.1.2.3 Goods Servitization
 3.1.3 Service Economy
 3.1.3.1 Computing-as-a-Service (CaaS
 3.1.3.2 X-as-a-Service (XaaS
 3.2 What is Service Science 3.2.1 Service Science: Newtonian Perspective3.2.2 Service Science: Systemic Perspective
 3.3 Service Innovation
 3.3.1 Types of Service Innovations
 3.3.2 Benefits of Servitization
 3.4 Conclusions
 References
 4. Introduction to Financial Service Innovation-Crowdfunding
 4.1 Financial Services
 4.1.1 Goods or Services
 4.1.1.1 Financial Services as Goods
 4.1.1.2 Financial Services as Services
 4.1.2 Problems and Challenges Faced by Traditional Financial Services
 4.2 Digital Transformation in Financial Services
 4.2.1 What is FinTech
 4.2.2 The History of FinTech