Smart Cities: 5th Ibero-American Congress, ICSC-CITIES 2022, Cuenca, Ecuador, November 28-30, 2022, Revised Selected Papers

Preface
Organization
Contents
Computational Intelligence and Urban Informatics for Smart Cities
Synthetic Dataset of Electroluminescence Images of Photovoltaic Cells by Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Generative Adversarial Networks
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Gathering
		3.2 Image Preprocessing
		3.3 Creation of the Synthetic Images
		3.4 Labeling
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Walking Accessibility to the Public Transport Network in Montevideo, Uruguay
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Case Study: Montevideo, Uruguay
		4.1 City and Public Transport System Overview
		4.2 Software and Tools
		4.3 Data Sources and Data Cleansing
		4.4 Accessibility Indicators
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Artificial Intelligence for Automatic Building Extraction from Urban Aerial Images
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definition and Literature Review
		2.1 The Automatic Building Detection Problem
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Deep Neural Networks Considered in the Study
		3.1 Residual Neural Networks
		3.2 Fully Convolutional Neural Networks
		3.3 UNet
	4 Experimental Setup
		4.1 Evaluated ANNs Architectures
		4.2 Problem Instance
		4.3 Performance Metric
		4.4 Development and Execution Platform
	5 Experimental Evaluation and Discussion
		5.1 Quantitative Analysis: IoU Results
		5.2 Qualitative Results Analysis: Output Labeling Map Results
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Distribution of Police Patrols as a Covering Problem in Smart Cities: Fuengirola Use Case
	1 Introduction
	2 The Police Patrol Routing Problem
		2.1 Precise Formulation
		2.2 Relaxed Formulation
	3 Related Work
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Algorithm
		4.2 Experimental Setup
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network for Velocity Fields in Large Eddy Simulations
	1 Introduction
	2 Generative Adversarial Networks
	3 Related Work
	4 Super Resolution GAN for Velocity Fields in LES
		4.1 Resolution Approach
		4.2 Architecture of the Applied ANNs
		4.3 Loss Functions
	5 Experimental Analysis and Discussion
		5.1 Methodology
		5.2 Problem Instances
		5.3 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Deep Neural Networks for Global Horizontal Irradiation Forecasting: A Comparative Study
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Literature Review
	2 Background
		2.1 Factors Influencing GHI Forecast
		2.2 Artificial Intelligence Models
		2.3 Evaluation of Model Performance
	3 Implementation of ANN
		3.1 Problem Definition
		3.2 Dataset
		3.3 Data Preparation
		3.4 Definition of Models
		3.5 Model Performance Measures
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Forecast Errors
		4.2 Forecasts
	5 Conclusions
	References
Internet of things
IoT Platform for Monitoring Nutritional and Weather Conditions of Avocado Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Agriculture and Smart Farming
		2.1 Agriculture Production
		2.2 Smart Farming
		2.3 Related Works
	3 IoT Platform for Monitoring Avocado Production
		3.1 Internet of Things
		3.2 The Proposed IoT Platform for Monitoring Crop Avocado Information
	4 Experimental Validation and Discussion
		4.1 Development and Execution Platform
		4.2 Studied Area
		4.3 Data Cleaning Process
		4.4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
IoT System for Thermographic Data Acquisition of Photovoltaic Installations
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 System Validation
	4 Automated Fault Detection in PV Modules Using IRT
		4.1 System Requirements
		4.2 General Schematics
		4.3 Positioning of the System with Respect to the PV Array
		4.4 Thermographic Image Acquisition and Processing
		4.5 Data Management
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Temperature Measurements
		5.2 System Evaluation Under Induced Faults
	6 Conclusions
	References
A New Approach to Automate the Connectivity of Electronic Devices with an IoT Platform
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Internet of Things in the Cloud
		2.2 Internet of Things Platform
		2.3 FIWARE
		2.4 Orion Context Broker of the FIWARE Platform
		2.5 Internet of Things Agent
	3 Related Work
	4 The Proposed Approach to Automate the Connection of Electronic Devices with an IoT Platform
		4.1 Manager Module
		4.2 FIWARE Platform Connection Module
		4.3 Information Receptor Module
	5 Experimentation
		5.1 Phases of Experimentation
		5.2 Experimentation Participants
		5.3 Resources Used in Experimentation
		5.4 Experimentation Procedure
		5.5 Functionality Results
		5.6 Results of the Evaluation of the Time Used for Each of the Tasks
		5.7 Group C Results
		5.8 Group B Results
		5.9 Group a Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Optimization, Smart Production, and Smart Public Services
Lean Office Approach for muda Identification in the Admission Process of University Students
	1 Introduction
	2 The Admission Process of University Students
		2.1 Admission Process Before the COVID-19 Pandemic
		2.2 Related Works
	3 Lean Office for the Admission Process of Incoming Students
		3.1 Lean Office
		3.2 LO Tools for Admission Form Exchange Subprocess
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Studied Case
		4.2 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Smart Mobility for Public Transportation Systems: Improved Bus Timetabling for Synchronizing Transfers
	1 Introduction
	2 The Bus Synchronization Problem
		2.1 Conceptual Problem Model
		2.2 Related Work
		2.3 Problem Data
		2.4 Problem Formulation
		2.5 Cost Model
	3 Case Study: The Public Transportation System in Montevideo, Uruguay
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Methodology
		4.2 Numerical Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Classification of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles in a Recycling Plant
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Model Analysis
		3.2 Data Preparation
		3.3 Model Exploration
	4 Prototype Architecture
		4.1 Input Data
		4.2 Inference
	5 Testing Scenarios
		5.1 Bottles Classification: Lab Test
		5.2 Bottles Classification: Clean Environment
		5.3 Bottles Classification: Complex Scenario
		5.4 Bottles Classification: Goal Scenario
	6 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Synthesized Data Generation for Public Transportation Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Generative Adversarial Networks
	3 Problem Definition and Literature Review
		3.1 Problem Description
		3.2 Related Work
	4 Case Study: The Public Transportation System in Montevideo, Uruguay
	5 A Conditional Tabular GAN for Synthesized Data Generation for the STM
		5.1 Data Sources
		5.2 Overall Description of the Methodology
		5.3 The Proposed GAN for Synthesized Data Generation
	6 Experimental Analysis and Discussion
		6.1 Development and Execution Platform
		6.2 Problem Instances
		6.3 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Analysis of Public Transportation in Montevideo, Uruguay During the COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definition and Literature Review
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Case Study: The Public Transportation System in Montevideo, Uruguay
	4 Analysis of COVID-19 and Mobility Information
		4.1 Data Sources
		4.2 Overall Description of the Methodology
		4.3 Resolution Strategy
		4.4 Implementation Details
	5 Experimental Analysis and Discussion
		5.1 Development and Execution Platform
		5.2 Validation Results
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Big Data Trends in the Analysis of City Resources
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Analysis and Discussion
		3.1 Characterization
		3.2 Data Types and Sources
		3.3 Algorithms
		3.4 Algorithm Assessment
		3.5 Processing Outcomes and Purpose
	4 Conclusion
	References
Smart Monitoring and Communications
Detecting Air Conditioning Usage in Households Using Unsupervised Machine Learning on Smart Meter Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Definition and Literature Review
		2.1 General Problem: Energy Disaggregation
		2.2 Problem Description: Detection of Air Conditioning Usage
		2.3 Related Work
	3 The Proposed Approach for the Detection of Air Conditioning Usage in Summer
		3.1 Data Sources
		3.2 Approximation of the Internal Temperature of the Household from the External Temperature and Solar Irradiance
		3.3 Data Preparation
		3.4 Unsupervised Machine Learning Classification Algorithm
	4 Implementation
		4.1 Implementation Details
		4.2 Final Classification
	5 Experimental Analysis and Discussion
		5.1 Development and Execution Platforms
		5.2 General Considerations
		5.3 Parameter Calibration
		5.4 Analysis of the Proposed Methodology
		5.5 Validation Results on Labeled Data
		5.6 Validation Results on Unlabeled Data
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
SNS-Based Secret Sharing Scheme for Security of Smart City Communication Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Transmission in Smart City Networks
	3 DCS Security: Challenges and Solutions
	4 Residue Number System and Secret Sharing
	5 Secret Sharing System with Residue Number System
	6 Modeling
	7 Conclusions
	References
Application of LPWAN Technologies Based on LoRa in the Monitoring of Water Sources of The Andean Wetlands
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Monitoring Architecture
		3.1 Prototype Implementation
		3.2 Water Monitoring System
	4 Evaluation and Results
		4.1 Analysis of LoRa Prototype Performance in Different Scenarios
		4.2 Energy Consumption
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index