Small Wind and Hydrokinetic Turbines (Energy Engineering)

Contents
About the editors
Introduction
1. Wind resource assessment for small wind turbines | Takaaki Kono and Jonathan Whale
	1.1 General life cycle of wind energy project
	1.2 General wind resource assessment process
	1.3 Specific features of WRA for SWTs
	References
2. Resource assessment for hydrokinetic turbines | Muluken Temesgen Tigabu, David Wood and Bimrew Tamrat Admasu
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The context of hydrokinetic turbines
	2.3 Power density estimation for HKTs
	2.4 Resource prediction models
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3. Small hydrokinetic turbines | Brian Kirke
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The need/potential market
	3.3 Potential problems with HKTs
	3.4 Differences between hydrokinetic and wind energy
	3.5 Turbine types
	3.6 Ducts and diffusers
	3.7 Oscillating foils
	3.8 Vortex shedding
	3.9 Tidal sails
	3.10 Floating debris clogging turbines and damage from floating logs
	3.11 Blockage and water surface gradient
	3.12 Tidal and river level variation
	3.13 Fast-flowing rivers
	3.14 Canals
	3.15 Economics
	3.16 Actual progress to date
	3.17 Future prospects
	References
4. Computational methods for vertical axis wind turbines | Anders Goude and Victor Mendoza
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 VAWT theory
	4.3 General simulation considerations
	4.4 Streamtube models
	4.5 Actuator cylinder models
	4.6 Actuator line models
	4.7 Vortex model
	4.8 CFD with resolved boundary layers
	4.9 Model validations
	4.10 Discussion and conclusions
	References
5. VAWT wind tunnel experiments | Lorenzo Battisti
	5.1 Wind tunnel facility
	5.2 Scaling limits in wind tunnels
	References
6. The aerodynamics of water pumping windmills | Itoje H. John and David Wood
	6.1 Windmill blades
	6.2 Windmills compared to wind turbines
	6.3 Windmill aerodynamics
	6.4 Starting behavior of windmills
	References
7. Blade element analysis and design of horizontal-axis turbines | Jerson R.P. Vaz and David Wood
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Horizontal-axis wind and hydrokinetic turbines
	7.3 Cavitation on hydrokinetic turbines
	7.4 Blade element momentum theory
	7.5 Angular and axial momentum theory with a diffuser
	7.6 Blade element theory for diffuser-augmented turbines
	7.7 The accuracy of blade element momentum theory
	7.8 Design using blade element momentum theory
	7.9 Conclusions
	References
8. Vortex-induced vibration-based energy harvesting | Arindam Banerjee and Kai He
	8.1 Physics of flow around cylinders
	8.2 Governing equations
	8.3 Parameters that affect VIV
	8.4 Role of PTC in augmenting VIV in TrSL2 and TrSL3 regimes—transition from VIV to galloping instability
	8.5 Devices for marine and wind energy applications
	8.6 Future scope
	References
9. Field testing of a 5-kW horizontal-axis wind turbine | David Robert Bradney, Samuel Petersen Evans, Mariana Salles Pereira da Costa and Philip Douglas Clausen
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Description of the 5-kW horizontal-axis wind turbine
	9.3 Turbine instrumentation and data acquisition systems
	9.4 Site conditions and turbine performance
	9.5 Tailfin size and turbine’s dynamic response
	9.6 Blade response in unsteady wind flow
	9.7 Turbine starting performance
	9.8 Conclusions
	References
10. Aeroelastic modelling of a 5-kW horizontal axis wind turbine | Samuel Petersen Evans and Philip Douglas Clausen
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Methodology
	10.3 Results and discussion
	10.4 Conclusions and future work
	Appendix
	References
11. The very low head turbine—a new hydro approach | Paul G. Kemp
	11.1 VLH conceptualization
	11.2 VLH technology
	11.3 Cold climate adaptation
	11.4 VLH hydraulic studies
	11.5 Canadian VLH fish studies
	11.6 Case study: Wasdell Falls VLH Hydro Plant
	11.7 The art of engineering design
	11.8 VLH summary
	References
12. Development and experience with a vertical-axis hydrokinetic power generation system | Clayton Bear and Michael Bear
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 History
	12.3 Technology
	12.4 Applications
	12.5 System configuration
	12.6 Development program
	12.7 Initial prototypes
	12.8 First-generation designs
	12.9 Second-generation designs
	12.10 Tidal deployments
	12.11 Summary
	12.12 Case studies
	References
13. SWTs for arctic applications: powering autonomous rovers | Morten Hedelykke Dietz Fuglsang and Robert Flemming Mikkelsen
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Location and local conditions
	13.3 Turbine functional requirements
	13.4 Selection of a turbine with prior arctic references
	13.5 Description of the field test
	13.6 Results from the field test
	13.7 Conclusions
	References
14. Commercialisation of a small diffuser-augmented wind turbine for microgrids | Samuel Petersen Evans, James B. Bradley and Joss E. Kesby
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Aims
	14.3 Methodology
	14.4 Conclusions
	14.5 Recommendations and future work
	Conflict of interest
	References
15. A tide like no other: harnessing the power of the Bay of Fundy | Tony Wright
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 FORCE as host
	15.3 FORCE as steward
	15.4 Turbines in the water
	15.5 Operations and infrastructure
	15.6 Research and monitoring
	15.7 Social license
	15.8 Visitor centre
	15.9 Emission displacement
	15.10 Final thoughts
	References
16. Sustainable materials for small blades | Igor dos Santos Gomes, Roberto Tetsuo Fujiyama, Jerson Rogerio Pinheiro Vaz and David Wood
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Small hydrokinetic and wind turbine blades
	16.3 Sustainable reinforcement materials for small hydrokinetic and wind turbine blades
	16.4 Final considerations
	References
Index