Site Engineering for Landscape Architects

Content: Preface xi     Acknowledgments xiii     1 Site Engineering IS Design 1     Why Is an Understanding of This Material Important? 1     The Design Language of Site Engineering 1     Summary 17     2 Grading Constraints 19     Environmental Constraints 19     Functional Constraints 23     Summary of Critical Constraints 32     3 Contours and Form 33     Definition 33     Constructing a Section 37     Characteristics of Contour Lines 37     Contour Signatures and Landform 38     Case Studies 53     4 Interpolation and Slope 63     Topographic Data 63     Interpolation 64     Calculating Slope 68     Slope s Expressed as Ratios and Degrees 71     Slope Analysis 71     5 Grading of Simple Design Elements 77     Grading of Linear Elements 77     Grading by Proportion 87     Visualizing Topography from Contour Lines 90     Grading of Planar Areas 90     Swales to Divert Runoff 97     Area Grading Process 98     6 Grading Process 101     Introduction 101     Applying the Grading Process 103     Grading Plan Graphics 108     7 Soils in Construction 113     Role of Soil in Site Planning 113     Implications of Soils for Site Construction 113     Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Investigation 115     Soil Characteristics 117     Soil Classification 118     Engineering Properties of Soils 120     Structural Soils 121     Structured Soil Volumes 122     Lightweight Soils 123     Geotextiles 123     Construction Sequence for Grading 124     Placing and Compacting Soils 126     Earthwork Specifications 128     8 Earthwork 129     Definitions 129     Grading Operations 130     Computation of Cut-and-Fill Volumes 131     Case Study 141     9 Storm Water Management 147     Storm Runoff 147     Hydrologic Cycle 148     Nature of the Problem 148     Management Philosophy 150     System Functions 151     Storm Water Management Strategies 153     Beyond Storm Water Management 155     Summary 156     10 Storm Water Management System Components 157     Traditional Storm Water Management System Components 157     Principles and Techniques 160     Infiltration Systems 161     Detention Systems 164     Rainwater Harvesting Systems 168     Constructed Treatment Wetlands 170     Green Roofs 170     Bioretention Systems 174     Landscape Practices 176     Future Developments: Net Zero Water and Integrated Water Management 176     Case Studies 178     Summary 190     11 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control 191     Introduction 191     Regulatory Requirements 191     Soil Erosion Factors 192     Erosion and Sedimentation Processes 193     Erosion and Sediment Control Principles 193     Development of an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan 195     Runoff Considerations 195     Construction Sequencing 196     Erosion Control Measures 196     Sediment Control Measures 202     Case Studies 202     Summary 205     12 Determining Rates and Volumes of Storm Runoff: The Rational and Modified Rational Methods 207     Introduction 207     Rational Method 208     Modified Rational Method 218     Volumes of Runoff, Storage, and Release 222     Required Storage for Detention or Retention Ponds by the Modified Rational Method 224     Summary 226     13 Natural Resources Conservation Service Methods of Estimating Runoff Rates, Volumes, and Required Detention Storage 227     Introduction 227     Rainfall 229     Procedures of TR55 229     Volume for Detention Storage 242     Summary 245     14 Designing and Sizing Storm Water Management Systems 247     Management Systems 247     Design and Layout of Drainage Systems 249     Designing and Sizing Grassed Swales (Waterways) 251     Designing and Sizing Pipe Systems 262     Designing and Sizing Subsurface Drainage 270     Designing and Sizing Rainwater Harvesting Systems 275     Designing and Sizing Integrated Water Management Systems 277     Summary 277     15 Site Layout and Dimensioning 279     Hierarchy of Dimensioning 280     Dimensioning Guidelines 281     Horizontal Layout Methods 283     Layout Plans 288     16 Horizontal Road Alignment 291     Types of Horizontal Curves 291     Circular Curve Elements 293     Circular Curve Formulas 293     Degree of Curve 295     Stationing 297     Horizontal Sight Distance 300     Construction Drawing Graphics 300     Horizontal Alignment Procedures 300     Superelevation 301     Case Study 305     17 Vertical Road Alignment 311     Vertical Curve Formula 312     Equal Tangent Curves 313     Calculating the Locations of High and Low Points 315     Unequal Tangent Curves 318     Construction Drawing Graphics 321     Vertical Sight Distances 322     Road Alignment Procedure 322     Appendix I: Table of Metric Equivalents 327     Appendix II: Metric Drawing Scales 329     Glossary 331     Bibliography 337     Index 341