Simpson's Forensic Medicine

Cover
Half Title
Endorsement
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the authors
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Principles of forensic practice
	Introduction
	Legal systems
	Doctors and other healthcare ­professionals and the law
	Evidence for courts
	Healthcare professionals as witnesses in court
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
2. The ethics of medical practice
	Introduction
	Basis of medical ethics
	International codes of medical ethics
	Duties of doctors and other healthcare professionals: UK perspective
	Medical ethics in practice
	Confidentiality
	Consent
	Regulation of doctors and other professionals
	Bibliography and information resources
	Further general resources
3. Medicolegal aspects of death
	Introduction
	Prolonged disorders of consciousness
	Tissue and organ transplantation
	Cause of death determination and certification
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
4. Violence in society, medicolegal ­investigation of death and the autopsy
	Introduction
	Homicide and interpersonal violence
	Medicolegal investigation of death
	The autopsy
	The ‘Minnesota protocol’
	Exhumation
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
5. The appearance of the body after death
	Introduction
	The early post mortem interval
	Other post mortem changes
	Estimation of the post mortem interval
	Biblography and information sources
	Further general resources
6. Death from natural causes
	Introduction
	Cardiovascular system
	Respiratory system
	Gastrointestinal system
	Gynaecological conditions
	Deaths from asthma and epilepsy
	Bibliography and information sources
7. Deaths and injury in infancy
	Introduction
	Stillbirths
	Infanticide
	The estimation of maturity of a newborn baby or fetus
	Child abuse
	Child sexual abuse
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
8. Assessment, classification and documentation of injury
	Introduction
	Terminology of injury
	Injury and the law
	Non-fatal violence-related injury in England and Wales
	Types of injury
	Survival after injury
	Mechanisms of death  following trauma
	Self-inflicted injury
	Torture
	Documentation of injury or marks of injury
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
9. Ballistic injuries
	Introduction
	Types of firearms
	Firearms injuries
	Air weapons, unusual ­projectiles and other weapons
	Determination of accident, ­suicide or murder
	Evidence recovery
	Blast injuries
	Mass disasters
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
10. Regional injuries and ­patterns of injury
	Introduction
	Head injuries
	Neck injuries
	Spinal injuries
	Chest injuries
	Abdomen
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
11. Pressure to the neck and asphyxia deaths
	Introduction
	Classification of asphyxia
	Phases and signs of ‘asphyxia’
	Types of mechanical asphyxial mechanisms
	Obstruction or occlusion of the airways
	Pressure to the chest or abdomen
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
12. Heat, cold and ­electrical trauma
	Introduction
	Injury caused by heat
	Cold injury (hypothermia)
	Electrical injury
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
13. Immersion and drowning
	Introduction
	Evidence of immersion
	Post mortem artefact and immersion
	Pathological diagnosis of drowning
	Alternative mechanisms of death in immersion
	The role of alcohol and drugs in drowning
	Other investigations in bodies recovered from water
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
14. Identification of the living and the dead
	Introduction
	Methods of identification
	Identity of decomposed or skeletalised remains
	Mass disasters
	Age estimation in the living
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
15. Restraint and control techniques
	Use of force
	Conflict resolution
	‘Empty hands’: unarmed restraint
	Handcuffs
	Batons
	Irritant sprays
	Impact rounds
	Dogs
	Conducted energy devices
	Bibliography and information sources
16. Police custodial healthcare
	Introduction
	Principles of care
	Healthcare in police custody
	Risk assessment, risk identification and diversion
	Deaths and harm in police custody
	Prevention of death and harm in police custody
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
17. Sexual assault, genitoanal injury and female genital mutilation
	Introduction
	Examination requirements
	Definitions and the law
	Intimate partner violence
	Medical assessment
	Evidential samples and documentation of findings
	Medical findings after sexual contact
	Care after sexual assault
	Female genital mutilation
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
18. Safeguarding and protection of children and vulnerable adults
	Introduction
	Child abuse and neglect
	Definitions
	Legislation in England & Wales
	Safeguarding children and young people
	Physical abuse
	Sexual abuse
	Neglect and emotional abuse
	Fabricated or induced illness in children
	Management of child abuse
	Safeguarding vulnerable adults
	Elder abuse
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
19. Transportation medicine
	Introduction
	Transportation law
	Transportation ‘under the influence’
	Personal transport and road traffic injuries
	Train and railway injuries
	Aviation incident-related injury and fatalities
	Marine fatalities
	Bibliography and information sources
20. Torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment
	Introduction
	Definitions
	Investigation
	The Istanbul Protocol
	Bibliography and information sources
	Further general resources
21. Principles of forensic ­science and crime scene investigation
	What is forensic science?
	Locard’s exchange principle
	Scene examination
	Evidence recovery
	Chain of custody
	Sample analysis
	Blood pattern analysis
	Damage assessment
	Fingerprints
	Footwear
	Trace evidence
	Bibliography and information sources
22. Principles of toxicology
	Introduction
	Principles
	Definitions
	Testing matrices
	Specific testing matrices
	Interpretation
	Bibliography and information sources
23. Alcohol
	Ethanol sources and concentrations
	Ethanol metabolism
	Elimination of alcohol
	Ethanol measurement
	Clinical effects of alcohol
	Post mortem considerations
	Bibliography and information sources
24. Licit and illicit drugs
	Harm reduction
	Legal status of drugs
	Commonly misused drugs
	Drug facilitated sexual assault
	Bibliography and information sources
25. Medicinal poisons
	Introduction
	Serotonin syndrome
	QT interval prolongation (long QT syndrome)
	Drugs with unique modes of action
	Bibliography and information sources
26. Miscellaneous poisons
	Arsenic
	Carbon monoxide
	Cyanide
	Lead
	Methanol
	Bibliography and information sources
Index